Concept map is a visual representation of alternative ways interesting but less practiced . This concept mapping to help students and teachers in presenting ideas and data in an organized , directed and meaningful. In the process of teaching and learning , concept mapping can be expressed as a compilation of the topic , the topic prior to combining with the latest and investigate existing knowledge of students in learning and teaching sessions in the next class the teacher can track students' understanding of the learning objectives of the learning session. Minor for the purpose of this study to provide an alternative lalauan teachers achieve learning outcomes with kolaberasi concept mapping . The study was conducted on 69 students at a school in Ipoh silver . Observations made ​​on a sample by mapping concepts in photosynthesis topic to see the connection between teacher learning objectives are achieved. Module Faqih of constructivist learning model was conducted during the study......

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Anatomy and morphological characters were employed to identify four samples of Tacca sp. (Belimbing Tanah) from different localities in Perak. Anatomical characters including leaf epidermal characters, leaf venation, type of stomata and trichomes were investigated through transverse sections, epidermal peel and leaf clearing procedures. The outline and vascularization of the sections were also investigated. Result has shown that Tacca from four different localities in Perak were similar anatomically. However, morphologically these four species can be differentiated mostly based on their leaves, flowers and fruits. The leaf margins are slightly different of either entire or denticulate, and the colours of floral bracts are either purplish-black or purplish-black at the base gradually turns white to the apex. Eventhough they are slightly different morphologically, Tacca of Gunung Lang and Gunung Liang were suggested as T. chantrieri based on dichotomous key of Kalkman which emphasizes on.....

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Sargassum polycystum is a species of brown algae (Phaeophyta). Some recent studies have found many uses of this algae, one of them is for medicine. In this study, crude hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts of Sargassum polycystum were tested for toxicity activity and screened for its principal chemical substances. The toxicity test was done using Brine Shrimp Lethality (BSL) test against Artemia salina Leach. The results of this study showed the LC50 value of methanol extract was 295.12 mgml-1, while both hexane and dichloromethane extracts were 275.42 mgml-1. The BSL test exhibited no significant toxicity against A.salina. Phytochemical screening shows S. polycystum contained non polar and polar components. As the conclusion, S. polycystum contained secondary metabolites that are not toxic to A. salina and they are not a potential source for toxicity...

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The genus Premna in Lamiaceae family was categorized into two groups namely P. serratifolia-group and P. trichostoma-group by de Kok in 2013. The division was based on three distinct morphological characters which are twigs, calyx and fruit. This group category lacks of anatomical and micromorphological evidence and solely based on those morphological characters. Therefore, in this study, anatomical and micromorphological characters were analysed on six Premna species (P. interrupta, P. serratifolia, P. trichostoma, P. tomentosa, P. parasitica and P. odorata) from few localities in Peninsular Malaysia. They were investigated to determine the size of stomata and some epidermal characters among the species members to provide some evidence towards the division. The methods involved in this research were epidermal peel preparation and field emission microscopy (FESEM) technique. The stomata were observed under the microscope and also photographed at different magnifications. Based on the o.....

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