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Agarwood is described as fragrance wood that is usually derived from the trunk of genus Aquilaria which have been infected by a particular disease. The main focus of this research is to study the effectiveness of four chemical inoculants applied into 6 year old karas tree (A. malaccensis) plantations in Slim River, Perak, Malaysia using dripping techniques. The inoculants used were labelled as A, B, C and D. Commercial inoculant, labelled as K, was used for comparison purposes and control labelled as N. After eight months of inoculation, the karas tree were cut down and discoloured tissue samples were collected. Solvent extraction methods using dichloromethane (DCM) was carried out to obtain the resin crude extract from the plant tissue. Resin crude extract were then analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that all chemicals successfully stimulated agarwood production. Inoculant A produced the highest crude extract recovery (8.63%) compared to in.....

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Agarwood (A. malaccensis) is a valuable tree; highly sought after the resin and its essential oil. It also possesses bioactive compounds that are beneficial for health. However, less is focused on the agarwood leaf despite the recorded use in traditional medicine. As such, this present work focused on the screening of operational parameters of hydrodistillation and Soxhlet extraction of agarwood leaf extract (ALEX) with subsequent phytochemical and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) analyses. Hydrodistillation failed to obtain any essential oil. Therefore, only Soxhlet extraction was further studied based on Plackett-Burman design generated using Design Expert software, version 6. The parameters studied were solvent type and volume, time, leaf type and particle size. Based on the ALEX yield obtained, solvent type was found to be the most significant parameters followed by solvent volume, particle size and time. Meanwhile leaf type was found to be the least influential paramete.....

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[No abstract available]..

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Uracil derivatives have been the focus of many researchers examining their potential as a cancer-fighting agent. Human breast, liver, and lung cancer cells were used to test the target compounds and compared to cisplatin. There was a wide range of activity in the newly synthesized compounds against breast and lung cancer, but none were effective against liver cancer. Nevertheless, the most effective substances were 4d and 4j, which were quite effective against both kinds of cell lines. It was shown that the 4d compound is more effective against breast cancer than 4a, 4b, and 4c compounds, and 4j showed higher cytotoxic activity than 4e, 4f, and g compounds. We have been told that further research into the toxicity of these potent substances, as well as in-vivo testing, are necessary. 2023, Iranian Chemical Science and Technologies Association. All rights reserved...

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This study sought to identify the chemical composition of smoke condensate of Goniothalamus andersonii (Annonaceae) and comparatively evaluate the effectiveness of smoke condensate. The chemical composition has been determined by GC-MS. Five main components were contained in aqueous fraction, namely eugenol (25.31%), (E)-cinnamaldehyde (21.13%), hexamethylene diacrylate (7.0%), caryophyllene (6.25%), and ethyl oleate (4.3%). While, three main components were detected in the n-hexane fractions, namely guaiol (8.98%), ?-eudesmol (5.71%), and (-)-cyperene (3.06%). Laboratory research was conducted to determine the repellency of the smoke condensate of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at two levels of concentration (5.0% and 10.0%). Tests were carried out to establish the percentage reduction of mosquito landing for each of the concentrations. The synthetic insect repellent, N, N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), was used as a standard at a similar level of concentration. At 5.0% concentration, DEET pro.....

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