UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian ini menyiasat tahap pertimbangan moral, motivasi dan kepentingan nilai moral
pelajar Pendidikan Moral di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan harian. Kajian ini melibatkan pelajar
Pendidikan Moral seramai 599 perempuan dan 505 lelaki yang berumur 14 hingga 16 tahun. Tahap
pertimbangan moral, motivasi dan kepentingan nilai moral diukur dengan menggunakan instrumen
‘Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form Objective’ (SRM- SFO) dan ‘Instrumen Penentuan Motivasi’
(IPM). Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa lebih separuh (53.4%) pelajar Pendidikan Moral berada pada
tahap pertimbangan moral yang tidak matang (M = 273.00, S.P. = 31.44) dan selebihnya berada pada
tahap matang. Tahap motivasi pelajar pula berada tahap yang sederhana (M = 3.31, S.P. = 0.37)
manakala tahap kepentingan nilai moral pula tinggi (M = 2.34, S.P. = 0.28). Didapati juga pelajar
perempuan mempunyai pertimbangan moral yang tinggi berbanding pelajar lelaki dengan perbezaan
signifikan (t (1102) = -2.785, p < 0.01). Sementara itu, wujud perbezaan antara peringkat umur
pelajar dengan tahap pertimbangan moral (F (2, 1101) = 4.205, p = 0.015) di mana ujian Post Hoc
menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan antara pelajar 14 tahun (M = 270.00, S.P. = 32.40) dengan pelajar
16 tahun (M = 276.00, S.P. = 31.52). Motivasi (F (2, 1101) =11.69, p = 0.00) juga mempunyai
perbezaan signifikan antara pelajar 14 tahun (M
= 3.27, S.P. = 0.36) dengan pelajar 16 tahun (M = 3.39, S.P. = 0.35). Bagi kepentingan nilai moral
(F (2, 1101) = 4.55, p = 0.011) juga mempunyai perbezaan signifikan antara pelajar 14 tahun (M =
2.32, S.P. = 0.28) dengan pelajar 16 tahun (M = 2.38, S.P. =0.28).Terdapat hubungan korelasi
positif yang sederhana antara pertimbangan moral dengan kepentingan nilai moral (r (1102) = 0.354,
p < 0.01). Keputusan regresi berganda menunjukkan enam peramal memberi sumbangan sebanyak 14.0%
daripada varians (R2 = 0.139, F (6, 1097) = 29.57, p = 0.01). Didapati faktor nilai kerasionalan (β
= 0.245, p < 0.01), kepentingan hak (β = 0.063, p < 0.05), tanggungjawab terhadap keluarga (β =
-0.064, p < 0.05) serta bentuk motivasi external (β = 0.199, p < 0.01), motivasi identified (β =
0.160, p < 0.01) dan amotivation (β = -0.112, p < 0.01) menyumbang kepada pertimbangan moral
pelajar. Kesimpulannya, kajian ini dapat menyumbang maklumat yang berguna kepada guru Pendidikan
Moral, pihak sekolah dan juga Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (KPM) mengenai kepentingan
perkembangan pertimbangan moral, motivasi dan nilai moral dalam membentuk kemoralan pelajar. Ini
membawa implikasi bahawa lebih perhatian harus diberikan kepada Pendidikan Moral untuk memantapkan
lagi pertimbangan moral pelajar dan lebih penting lagi hasil kajian memberi kesedaran tentang
perlunya pengukuhan
pertimbangan moral berserta dengan motivasi dan nilai moral pelajar sekolah.
|
References |
Abdul Aziz, N., Meerah, T. S. M., Halim, L. & Osman, K. (2006). Hubungan antara motivasi, gaya pembelajaran dengan pencapaian matematik tambahan pelajar tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan, 31, 123 – 141.
Abdul Fatah Hassan. (2003). Pengenalan falsafah pendidikan. Pahang: PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Abdul Rahim, A. R., Sufean, H., & Che Hashim, H. (2006). Krisis & konflik institusi keluarga. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications.
Abdul Rahman Adam. (2015). Kurang ajar punya budak. Sinar Harian. Diambil dari: http://www.hmetro.com.my.
Abdul Rahman Md. Aroff. (2014). Values Education and the Malaysia education blueprint. Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Education, 4(1), 59-73.
Abdul Rahman Md. Aroff. (1999). Pendidikan moral: Teori etika dan amalan moral. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abdul Rahman Md. Aroff. (2008). Pendidikan moral-teori etika dan amalan moral (edisi kedua). Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.
Abdul Rasid Jamian & Hasmah Ismail. (2013). Pelaksanaan pembelajaran menyeronokkan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 3, (2), 49-63.
Abdul Shatar Che Abd. Rahman. (2007). Pengetahuan kandungan dan pedagogi guru pendidikan moral tingkatan empat di sebuah sekolah (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Agina, A. M., Kommers, P. A. M., & Steehouder, M. F. (2012). The effect of nonhuman's external regulation on children's responses to detect children with developmental problems (DP) associated with the natural development of self- regulation during learning tasks. Computers in human behavior, 28(2), 527-539. Doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.10.025
Akhmal Annas Hasmori, Hussin Sarju, Ismail Sabri Norihan, Rohana Hamzah & Muhammad Sukri Saud. (2011). Pendidikan, kurikulum dan masyarakat: Satu integrasi. Journal of Edupress, 1, 350-356.
Alessandro, A. H. (2015). Lawrence Kohlberg’s Legacy: Radicalizing the Educational Mainstream. In Boris, Z, Detlef, G. & Ewa, K., Kohlberg Revisited (pp. 27-50). Rotterdam, Netherlands: Sense Publisher.
Alexander, H. A. (2005). Education in ideology. Journal of Moral Education, 34(1), 1•18.
Ali, M., & Asrori, M. (2012). Psikologi Remaja: Perkembangan peserta didik. Jakarta: PT. Bumi aksara.
Althof, W. (2003). Implementing just and caring communities in elementary schools: a Deweyan perspective. In Veugelers, W. & Oser, F. K. (Eds), Teaching in moral and democratic education (pp. 153-172). Switzerland: Peter Lang - International Academic Publishers.
Althof, W. (2015). Just community sources and transformations: a conceptual archeology of Kohlberg’s approach to moral and democratic schooling. In Boris, Z, Detlef, G. & Ewa, K., (Eds.) Kohlberg Revisited (pp. 51-90). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Althof, W., & Berkowitz, M. W. (2013). Character and civic education as a source of moral motivation. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 567-584). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Amir Hasan Dawi. (2002). Penteorian sosiologi dan pendidikan (Edisi Kedua). Tanjung Malim: Quantum Books.
Amro, H. J., Mundy, M. A., Kupczynski, L. (2015). The effects of age and gender on student achievement in face-to-face online college algebra classes. Research in Higher Education Journal, 27, 1 – 22.
Arthur, J. & Wilson, K. (2010). New research directions in character and values education in the UK. In Lovat, T., Toomey, R. & Clement, N. (Eds.), Handbook on values education and student well-being (pp. 339-358). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Arthur, J. (2003). Education with Character: The Moral Economy of Schooling. London: Routledge.
Arthur, J. (2008). Traditional approaches to character education in Britain and America. In Nucci, L. & Narvaez, D. (Ed.), Handbook of moral and character education. educational psychology handbook (pp. 80-98). Abingdon: Routledge.
Aslina Ahmad. (2013). Kesan intervensi psiko-pendidikan terhadap tingkah laku murid sekolah menengah oleh guru bimbingan dan kaunseling (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Asron Mustapha. (2016). Patriotisme rakyat semakin terhakis. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Astington, J. W. (2001). The paradox of intention: Assessing children's metarepresentational understanding. In Malle, B.F., Moses, L. J. & Baldwin D. A.(Eds.), Intentions and intentionality: Foundations of social cognition (pp. 85-104). Cambridge, UK: MIT Press.
Astro Awani (2014). Video perempuan mengamuk kereta kena langgar dikeji pengguna media sosial. Astro Awani. Diambil dari: http://www.astroawani.com.
Azian Tengku Syed Abdullah. (1990). Effects of moral dilemma episodes on moral values and academic performance of form one students in science lessons (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya. Diambil dari: http://studentsrepo.um.edu.my/42/
Azizi Ahmad & Mohd Isha Awang. (2008). Pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Azrina Jonit. (2004). Keperluan dalam pendidikan moral untuk menghadapi cabaran era pasca modenisme. Presented in Seminar Antarabangsa Nilai dalam Komuniti Pasca Modenisme (SIVIC 2004) (Kajian yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Utara Malaysia, Langkawi.
Badrul Muzammil. (2014). Young rapists on the rise: a crime society prefer to ignore. Malaysian Digest. Diambil dari http://www.malaysiandigest.com
Badrulzaman Baharom. (2006). Persekitaran keluarga dan kesannya terhadap tingkah laku devian remaja di Daerah Pontian Johor (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor.
Bahaman Abu Samah, & Turiman Suandi. (1999). Statistics for social research with computer applications. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia: JJ Print & Copy.
Baharom Mohamad, Ali Suradin & Za’ba Helmi Khamisan. (2008). Peranan pendidikan Islam dan pendidikan Moral dalam membina sahsiah pelajar berkualiti. Persidangan Pembangunan Pelajar Peringkat Kebangsaan, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Diambil dari: http://eprints.uthm.edu.my
Balaguer. I., Castillo, I., Álvarez, M. S., & Duda, J. L. (2005). Importance of social context in the prediction of self-determination and well-being in athletes of different level. Paper presented at 9th European Congress of Psychology. Granada (Spain).
Bambang Sumintono, Lokman Mohd Tahir, Mohd Anuar Abdul Rahman. (2012). Pendidikan moral di Malaysia: Tantangan dan implementasi pendidikan karakter di sekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 2 (1), 14-22.
Bambang, Sumintono, Anuar, Lokman, Mohd Tahir & Mohd Anuar Abdul Rahman. (2012). Pendidikan Moral di Malaysia: Tantangan dan Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter di Sekolah. Jurnal Pendidikan Karakter, 2(1). 14-22.
Barnett T, & Valentine S. (2004). Issue contingencies and marketers' recognition of ethical issues, ethical judgments and behavioral intentions. Journal of Business Research, 57, 338-47.
Bartels, D. M., Bauman C.W., Cushman, F., Pizarro, D. A. & McGraw, P. A. (2015). Moral judgment and decision making. In Keren, G. & Wu, G. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Judgment and Decision Making, first edition (pp. 478-515). Chichester, UK: Wiley.
Bartol, C. R., and Bartol, A. M. (2011). Criminal behavior: A psychological approach. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson.
Basinger, K. S. & Gibbs, J. C. (1987). Validation of the Sociomoral Reflection Objective Measure – Short Form. Psychological Reports, 61(1), 139-146.
Basinger, K. S., Brugman, D., & Gibbs, J. C. (2007). Sociomoral reflection measure – short form objective (SRM-SFO) (Instrumen yang tidak diterbitkan): Urbana University, OH, United States.
Bebeau, M. J. (2002). The defining issues test and the four component model: Contributions to professional education. Journal of Moral Education, 31(3), 271- 295.
Bebeau, M. J., & Monson, V. E. (2008). Guided by theory, grounded in evidence: A way forward for professional ethics education. In L. Nucci & D. Narvaez (Eds.), Handbook on moral and character education (pp. 557–582). Hillsdale, NJ: Routledge.
Beem, A. L., Brugman, D., Høst, K. & Tavecchio, L. W. C. (2004). Students’ perception of school moral atmosphere: from moral culture to social competence. A generalizability study. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 171-192
Beerthuizen, M. G. C. J., Brugman, D. (2013). Moral value evaluation: a neglected motivational concept in externalizing behaviour. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 567-584). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Beerthuizen, M. G. C. J., Brugman, D., Basinger, K. S., & Gibbs, J. C. (2012). Moral reasoning, moral value evaluation and juvenile delinquency: An introduction to the Sociomoral Reflection Measure – Short Form Objective. Diambil dari: https://dspace.library.uu.nl/bitstream/handle/1874/238410/beerthuizen.pdf?...1
Beerthuizen, M.G.C.J., & Brugman, D. (2012). Sexually abusive youths’ moral reasoning on sex. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 18(2), 125 - 135. doi: 10.1080/13552600.2010.519126
Beerthuizen, M.G.C.J., Brugman, D., Basinger, K.S., & Gibbs, J.C. (2011). Moral reasoning, moral value evaluation and juvenile delinquency: An introduction to the Sociomoral Reflection Measure - Short Form Objective. Manuscript submitted for publication.
Berkowitz, M. & Bier. M. (2007). What Works in Character Education. Journal of Research in Character Education, 5(1), 29–48.
Bialik, M., Bogan, M., Fadel, C. & Horvathova, M. (2015). Character Education for the 21st Century: What Should Students Learn?. Switzerland: Montes Alti Educational Foundation.
Black, A. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). The effects of student self-regulation and instructor autonomy support on learning in a college-level natural science course: A self- determination theory perspective. Science Education, 84, 740 –756.
Blasi. A. (1999). Emotion and moral motivation. Journal for the theory of social behaviour, 29(1). 1-19. doi: 10.1111/1468-5914.00088
Blatt, M. & Kohlberg, L. (1975). The effects of classroom moral discussion upon children‟s level of moral judgment. Journal of Moral Education, 4(2), 129-161.
Boris, Z, Detlef, G. & Ewa, K. (2015). Kohlberg Revisited. Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Bowes, L., Maughan, B., Caspi, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2010). Families promote emotional and behavioural resilience to bullying: Evidence of an environmental effect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 809–817.
Brickhouse, T. C., & Smith, N. D. (2010). Socratic Moral Psychology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Brimi, H. (2009). Academic instructors or moral guides? Moral education in America and the teacher’s dilemma. The Clearing House, 82(3), 125–130.
Broidy, L., Nagin, D. S., Tremblay, R. E., Bates, J. E., Brame, B., Dodge, K. A., et al. (2003). Developmental trajectories of childhood disruptive behaviors and adolescent delinquency: A six-site, cross-national study. Developmental Psychology, 39(1), 222-245.
Brophy, J. (2010). Motivating students to learn. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Brugman, D. & Aleva, A. E. (2004). Developmental delay or regression in moral reasoning in juvenile delinquents? Journal of Moral Education, 33, 321-328.
Brugman, D. & Bink, M. D. (2011). Effects of the EQUIP peer intervention program on self-serving cognitive distortions and recidivism among delinquent male adolescents. Psychology, Crime & Law, 17(4). 435-358.
Brugman, D. (2008, July). Perspectives on the moral self: moral self-relevance. Kajian dibentangkan di 20th Biennial Meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development. Wurzburg: Germany.
Bucciarelli, M. (2008). The Psychology of moral reasoning. Judgment and Decision Making, 3(2), 121-139.
Buerah Tunggak, Shanah Ngadi, & Hammah Abu Naim. (2015). Delinkuen pelajar dan cadangan penyelesaiannya menerusi model pembangunan sahsiah remaja/ pelajar Muslim bersepadu. Jurnal Hadhari, 7(2), 11-30.
Buon, M., Habib, M. & Frey, D. (2016). Moral development: conflicts and compromises. In Sommerville, J., Decety, J. (Eds.), Social Cognition (pp. 278-315). New York: Routledge.
Burfiend. J. W. & Bartusch. D. J. (2006). Defining juvenile delinquency: An integrated approach. United Kingdom: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
Cam, Z., Cavdar, D., Seydoogullari, S., & Cok, F. (2012). Classical and contemporary approaches for moral development. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 12 (2), 1222-1225.
Caravita, S. C. S., De Silva, L. N., Pagani V., Colombo B., & Antonietti A. (2017). Age- related differences in contribution of rule-based thinking toward moral evaluations. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 597-621. Doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00597.
Carbonell, V. (2009). Moral saints reconsidered (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): University of Michigan, United States.
Carpendale, J. I. M., Hammond, S. I. & Atwood, S. (2013). A relational developmental systems approach to moral development. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 45, 125-153. Diambil dari: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-397946- 9.00006-3
Carr, D. (2008). Music, spirituality, and education. The Journal of Aesthetic Education, 42, 16-29.
Cesur, S., & Topcu M. S. (2010). A reliability and validity study of the defining issues test: the relationship of age, education, gender and parental education with moral development. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 10(3), 1681-1696.
Chang, L. H. (2001). Learning to teach moral education. Paper presented at Association of Moral Education Conference: Excellence in Moral Education. Canada: Vancouver.
Chang, L. H. (2002). Pendekatan antara disiplin dalam Pendidikan Moral untuk sekolah. Kertas Kerja yang dibentangkan dalam Seminar Pendidikan Moral: Tren dan Hala Tuju. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.
Chang, L. H. (2003). Pendekatan terkini dalam Pendidikan Moral. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan dalam Kursus Orientasi Jurulatih Utama Pendidikan Moral KBSR/KBSM (semakan), Kuala Lumpur: Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Malaya.
Chang, L. H. (2005). Konsep asas dalam pendidikan moral. Fakulti Pendidikan: Universiti Malaya.
Chavez, L. M., & Canino, G. (2005). Toolkit on translating and adapting instruments. Cambridge, MA: Human Services Research Institute.
Cheung, C. K. (2007). The teaching of moral education through media education. The asia pacific-education researcher, 16(1), 61-72.
Christov-Moore, L., Simpson, E. A., Coudé, G., Grigaityte, K., Iacoboni, M., & Ferrari, P. F. (2014). Empathy: gender effects in brain and behavior. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 46, 604-627.
Chua, Yan Piaw. 2011. Kaedah Penyelidikan. Edisi Kedua ed. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.
Cohene, T., & Easterbrook, S. (2005). Contextual risk analysis for interview design. Proceedings of the 13th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering, Paris: France.
Colby, A., & Kohlberg, L. (Eds.). (1987). The measurement of moral judgment (Vols. 1 and 2). New York: Cambridge University Press.
Colby, A., Kohlberg, L., Gibbs, J., & Lieberman, M. (1983). A longitudinal study of moral judgment. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 48(200), 1–124.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design qualitative, quantitative, and mixed method approaches, fourth edition. U.S.A.: Sage Publication Inc.
Cupach, W. R., Daniel, J. C., Sam Vuchinich, & Susan, J.M. (2003). Conflict: An entry from Macmillan reference USA’S. International Encyclopedia of Marriage & Family, 15(2), 4670-4683.
Cushman, F., & Young, L. (2009). The psychology of dilemmas and the philosophy of morality. Ethic Theory Moral Practice, 12, 9–24. Damon, W. (2005). Good? Bad? Or none of the above?. Education Next, 5(2), 20-27.
Dan, J. W. (2012). Internal and external difficulties in moral education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 44, 1133-1146. doi:10.1111/j.1469-5812.2010.00641.x Daniel. J. (2012). Sampling essesntials. London: Sage Publication. Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. New York: Plenum Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1991). A motivational approach to self: Integration in personality. In Dienstbier R. (Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation: Vol. 38. Perspectives on motivation (pp. 237-288). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227–268.
Dianne K. & Daeg de Mott. (2001). Encyclopedia of Childhood and Adolescence: Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Reasoning. Diambil dari: http://www.texascollaborative.org/SusanUpshaw/Moral_Development.pdf
Ditto, P. H., Pizarro, D. A. & Tannenbaum, D. (2009). Motivated moral reasoning. In Bartels. D. M., Bauman, C. W., Skitka, L. J., & Medin, D. L. (Eds.). The Psychology of Learning and Motivation Vol. 50. (pp. 307-338). Burlington: Academic Press.
Dolph. K., & Lycan. A. (2008). Moral reasoning: a necessary of learning in today’s classroom. Journal of Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives in Education 1(1), 13-19.
Doris, J. M., & Moral Psychology Research Group. (2010). The moral psychology handbook. New York: Oxford University press.
Drost, E. A. (2011). Validity and reliability in social science research. Education Research and Perspectives, 38(1), 105-123.
Dzulkifli A. R. (2012). Reclaim education’s true ethos. New Straits Times, August 25, 2012 Diambil dari: http://www. nst.com.my/opinion/columnist/reclaim-education- s-true-ethos-1.128959.
Edward, C. P., & Gustavo, C. (2005). Introduction moral development study in the 21st century. In Richard, D, Gustavo, C. & Edward, C. P. (Eds.), Moral motivation through the life span: volume 51 of the Nebraska symposium on motivation (pp. 9- 26). Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Eisenberg, N., Fabes, R. A., & Spinrad, T. (2006). Prosocial development. In N. Eisenberg (Eds), Handbook of child psychology: Social emotional, and personality development (6th ed. Vol. 3, pp. 646–718). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
Embun Majid. (2016, Ogos 16). 29 gang members nabbed in Kedah police dragnet. News Strait Times. Diambil dari http://www.nst.com.my
Eow. B. H., (2000). Pendidikan Moral. Petaling Jaya, Selangor: Pearson Education Malaysia.
Erich Goode. (2005). Deviant Behaviour. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Etaugh, C. A., & Bridges, J. S. (2010). Women’s lives: A psychological exploration (2nd ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Faircloth, W. B. (2012). Children and Marital Conflict: A Review. Case Maker, 6(1), 1-5. Faizan Maisarah, Nurul Adyani & Azlina. (2016). Hubungan antara konsep kendiri dan motivasi dengan pencapaian pelajar bagi kursus Makroekonomi. Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 1, 101-114.
Faridah Che Husain, & Fakhrul Adabi. (2011). Sukatan pendidikan akhlak dan moral di sekolah Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia: Satu tinjauan umum. Al-Basirah, 1(1), 79-91.
Farrington, D. P. (2000). Explaining and preventing crime: The globalization of knowledge-The American Society of Criminology 1999 presidential address. Criminology, 38(1),1–24.
Fatimi Hanafi, Zulkanain Abdul Rahman & Arbaiyah Mohd Noor. (2016). Perpaduan politik asas integrasi nasional di Malaysia, Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Syah, 3(1), 1-13.
Feinberg, M., Willer, R., Antonenko, O., & John, O. (2012). Liberating reasons from the passion: Overriding tuitionistmoral judgements through emotion reappraisal. Psychological science, 23, 788-795.
Fenstermacher G. D., Osguthorpe R.D., & Sanger M. N. (2009). Teaching morally and teaching morality. Teaching Education Quarterly, 36(3), 7-19.
Frankel, S. (2007). Researching children’s morality: Developing research methods that allow children’s involvement in discourses relevant to their everyday lives, Childhoods Today, 1(1), 1-25.
Fumagalli, M., Ferrucci, R., Mameli, F., Marceglia, S., Mrakic-Sposta, S., Zago, S., Lucchiari, C., Consonni, D., Nordio, F., Pravettoni, G., Cappa, S., & Priori, A. (2010). Gender-related differences in moral judgments. Cognitive Processing 11(3), 219–226.
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Ghazali Darusalam, & Sufean Hussin. (2016). Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Gibbs, J. C. (2003). Moral development and reality: beyond the theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman. London: Sage Publications.
Gibbs, J. C. (2010). Moral development and reality: beyond the theories of Kohlberg and Hoffman, second edition. Boston: Pearson, Allyn & Bacon.
Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., & Fuller, D. (1992). Moral maturity: measuring the development of sociomoral reflection. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Gibbs, J. C., Basinger, K. S., Grime, R. L., & Snarey, J. R. (2007). Moral judgement development across cultures: revisiting Kohlberg's universality claims. Development Review, 27, 443-500. Gilligan, C. (1993). In a different voice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Glanzer, P. L., Ream, T. C., Villarreal, P., & Davis, E. (2004). The teaching of ethics in Christian higher education: An examination of general education requirements. Journal of General Education, 53, 184-200.
Gottfredson, G. D. (2012). Schools and Delinquency. In Feld, B. C. & Bishop, D. M. (eds.) (2012). The oxford handbook of juvenile crime and juvenile justice. (pp. 203- 225). New York: Oxford University Press.
Graham, J., Nosek, B.A., Haidt, J., Iyer, R., Koleva, S., & Ditto, P.H. (2011). Mapping the moral domain. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101(2), 366-385. doi:10.1037/A0021847
Grusec, J. E. (2006). The development of moral behavior and conscience from a socialization perspective. In Killen, M. & Smetana, J. (Ed.), Handbook of moral development (pp. 243-265). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Guay, F., Chanal, J., Ratelle, C. F., Marsh, H. W., Larose, S., & Boivin, M. (2010). Intrinsic, identified, and controlled types of motivation for school subjects in young elementary school children. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80(4), 711– 735.
Guru ditumbuk, ditendang dan dimaki kerana tegur pelajar (2015, Oktober 17). Kosmo. Diambil dari http://www.kosmo.com.my
Hallgren, K. A. (2012). Computing inter-rater reliability for observational data: An overview and tutorial. Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 8, 23–34.
Hamsari, N. A. & Yahaya, A. (2012). Peranan motivasi pembelajaran, gaya keibubapaan dan sikap dengan pencapaian akademik. Journal of Educational Psychology & Counseling, 5, 30-57. ISSN: 2231- 735X.
Harits Asyraf (2018). Ponteng sekolah catat rekod tertinggi salah laku disiplin pelajar. Kuala Lumpur: Astro Awani.
Hasan Langgulung. (2003). Asas-asas Pendidikan Islam. Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Pustaka Al Husna Baru.
Hasan, A. R. & Hynds, A. (2014). Cultural influence on teacher motivation – a country study at Maldives. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(1), 19- 28.
Hill, B. V. (2004). Values education in schools: Issues and challenges. Kajian dibentangkan di National Values Education Forum, Melbourne.
Hing-keung Ma. (2009). Moral Development and Moral Education: An Integrated Approach. Educational Research Journal, 24(2), 293-326.
Hoffman, M. L. (2000). Empathy and moral development: Implications for caring and justice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Husin, M.S. (2000). Kajian terhadap kepentingan penggunaan alat bantu mengajar di sekolah menengah teknik (Tesis sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor.
Hussain, O. Berhannudin, M.S., Syed Muhammad, D. A. & Abdullah, S. (2008). Perlaksanaan pendekatan pembelajaran berasaskan pengalaman (PBL dan POPBL) bagi meningkatkan kemahiran insaniah pelajar. Seminar Kebangsaan Kemahiran Insaniah dan Kesejahteraan Sosial (SKIKS) 2008, 18-19 Ogos, 2008, Hotel Mahkota, Melaka.
Ihavenil Narinasamy. (2013). Teacher as a caring agent in developing empathy among Moral Education students (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2015). Statistik Penglibatan Remaja dalam Jenayah Juvana dari tahun 2009-2015. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita dan Kebajikan Masyarakat.
Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2016). Statistik Penglibatan Remaja dalam Jenayah Juvana tahun 2016. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita dan Kebajikan Masyarakat.
Jaffee, S., & Hyde, J. S. (2000). Gender differences in moral orientation: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 126, 703-726.
Jeevajothi, N. (1997). Keberkesanan perbincangan dilema moral dalam perubahan peringkat penaakulan moral di kalangan pelajar tingkatan IV. Latihan Ilmiah. Universiti Malaya.
Jevtic, B. (2014). Moral judgement of delinquents. Procedia–Social and behavioural sciences, 149(5), 449-445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.286
Johnson, L. (2016). Toward a Psychological History of Philosophy: Kant’s Dreams of a Spirit-Seer (Träume eines Geistersehers, erläutert durch Träume der Metaphysik, 1766), PsyArt, 20, 69–83.
Josephson Institute of Ethics. (2009). Character counts! [Online forum comment]. Diambil dari: http://www.charactercounts.org.
Julia. A. (2011). Intelligent Virtue. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Kadivar, P., Kohoulat N., Hossein Abdollahi, M., & Khoshbakht, F. (2016). Perception of School Moral Atmosphere and Elementary Students’ Moral Development. International Journal School Health, 3(4), 1-6. Doi: 10.17795/intjsh-35963.
Kalaiselvi Ettikan, Nur Surayyah Madhubala Abdullah & Umi Kalthom Abdul Manaf. (2015). Guru cemerlang pendidikan moral: keperluan menguasai aspek kandungan dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran pendidikan moral dan implikasinya. International Journal of Education and Training, 1(2), 1-8.
Kalsoom, F., Behlol, M. G., Kayani, M. M., & Kaini, A. (2012). The moral reasoning of adolescent boys and girls in the light of Gilligan’s theory. International Education Studies, 5(3), 15-23.
Kamus Online Merriam-Webster (2007). kemoralan. https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/morality, 2017-03-12.
Kant, I. (1998/2002). The Metaphysics of Morals. Wood, A.W. (trans.). Binghamton, New York: Vail-Ballou Press.
Katrina. (2012). Conducting Educational Research Adopting or Adapting an Instrument. Online. Diambil dari: http://korbedpsych.com/R09aAdopt.html
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (1979). Laporan jawatankuasa kabinet mengkaji pelaksanaan dasar pelajaran. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2013). Laporan Pembangunan Kemanusiaan Unit Hal Ehwal Murid. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (1988). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral KBSM. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2000). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral KBSM. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2001). Sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral major. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Pendidikan Guru.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2002). Huraian sukatan pelajaran pendidikan moral tingkatan empat KBSM. Kuala Lumpur: Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012). Laporan awal Pelan Pendidikan Pembangunan Manusia 2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Pendidikan Moral: Dokumen standard kurikulum pentaksiran sekolah (KSSM) Tingkatan 1. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum.
Khaidzir Ismail. (2011, Februari 3). Masalah juvenil. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Killen, M., & Smetana, J. (2006). Handbook of moral development. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Klemann, H. (2011). The matter of moral education: Locke, newbery, and the didactic book – Toy Hybrid. Eighteenth Century Studies, 44(2), 223-244.
Koh, C. (2009). Assessing students’ moral development and motivation in moral education. Proceedings of the ERAS conference, National Institute of Education, Singapore.
Koh, C. (2012). Moral development and student motivation in moral education: A Singapore study. Australian Journal of Education, 56(1), 83-101.
Kohlberg, L. (1958). The development of modes of moral thinking and choice in the years 10 to 16 (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
Kohlberg, L. (1963). The development of children's orientations toward a moral order: Sequence in the development of moral thought. Vita humana, 6, 11-33.
Kohlberg, L. (1975). The just community approach to corrections: A theory. Journal of Moral Education, 4(3), 243-260.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stage and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In Lickona, T. (Ed.), Moral development and behavior (pp. 31-54). New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Kohlberg, L. (1981). The philosophy of moral development: Moral stages and the idea of justice. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). The psychology of moral development: The nature and validity of moral stages. San Francisco: Harper & Row.
Kohlberg, L., Boyd, D. R., & Levine, C. (1990). The return of Stage 6: Its principle and moral point of view. In Wren T. (Ed.), The moral domain: Essays in the ongoing discussion between philosophy and the social sciences (pp. 151-181). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kwok, J., & Selman, R. L. (2013). Moral reasoning, moral motivation and informed social reflection. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 551-566). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Lahey, K. (2003). The cost of dropping out: The economic impact of early school learning. Melbourne: Business Council of Australia.
Lanctot, N. & LeBlanc, M. (2002). Explaining deviance by adolescent females. In M. Tonry (Ed.) Crime and Justice, 29, 113-202. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lapsley, D. & Woodbury, R. (2016). Moral-Character Development for Teacher Education. Action in Teacher Education, 38(3), 194-206, doi: 10.1080/01626620.2016.1194785.
Larden, M., Melin, L., Holst, U., & Långström, N. (2006). Moral judgement, cognitive distortions and empathy in incarcerated delinquent and community control adolescents. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12(5), 453-462.
Lavell, J. L. (2002). The effects of gender and maturation on moral reasoning orientation, care and justice in adulthood. Adult Education Research Conference. Diambil dari: http://newprairiepress.org/aerc/2002/papers/35
Leal, E. A., Miranda, G. J., & Carmo, R. S. (2012). Self-determination theory: an analysis of student motivation in an accounting degree program. Dibentangkan di Third Meeting of Teaching and Research in Management and Accounting, 24(62), 162- 173. São Paulo: University of São Paulo.
Lee. L. T. (2015, Mac 26). Pendekatan bendung salah guna internet. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Leenders, I., & Brugman, D. (2005). The moral/non-moral domain shift in young adolescents in relation to delinquent behavior. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 23(1), 65-79. doi:10.1348/026151004X20676
Lickona, T. (1996). Eleven principles of effective character education. Journal of Moral Education, 25(1), 93-100.
Lickona, T., Schaps, E., & Lewis, C. (2003). Eleven principles of effective character education. Washington, DC: Character Education Partnership.
Lim Chap Sam, & Chee Kim Mang. (2010). Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan penyelidikan. Dalam Noraini Idris (Ed.), penyelidikan dalam pendidikan (pp. 164-176). Kuala Lumpur: Mc Grawhill.
Lincoln, S. H., & Holmes, E. K. (2011). Ethical decision making: a process influenced by moral intensity. Journal of Healthcare, Science, and the Humanities, 1(1), 55-69.
Lind, G. (2002). Can ethics be taught? Research findings from modern moral psychology (2nd Edition). Berlin: Logos-Verlag.
Lind, G. (2009). Morality can be taught. Munich: Oldenbourg.
Lips, H. (2008). Sex and gender: An introduction (6th ed.). Boston: McGraw-Hill.
Liu, X. (2014). The problem of character education and Kohlberg’s moral education: critique from Dewey’s moral deliberation. Philosophical Studies in Education, 45, 136-145.
Loganathan, R. (1995). Peringkat perkembangan moral di kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah dari bandar dan luar bandar (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.
Lopez, Y. P., Recliner, P. L., & Olson-Buchanan, J. B. (2005). Shaping ethical perceptions: An empirical assessment of the influence of business education, culture, and demographic factors. Journal of Business Ethics, 60(4), 341–58.
Losier, G. F., Perreault, S., Koestner, R., & Vallerand, R. J. (2001). Examining individual differences in the internalization of political values: Validation of the self- determination scale of political motivation. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 41-61.
Lotfabadi H. (2008). Criticism on moral development theories of Piaget, Kohlberg, and Bandura and providing a new model for research in Iranian students’ moral development. Quarterly Journal Education Innovation, 24, 31-46.
Lynch, D. J. (2006). Motivational factors, learning strategies and resource management as predictors of course grades. College Student Journal, 40, 423-428.
Lynch, D. J. (2010). Motivational beliefs and learning strategies as predictors of academic performance in college physics. College Student Journal, 44, 920-927.
MacKinnon, B. C. (1995). Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues. California: Wadsworth Publishing Co.
Maizatul Akmam, A. B. (2007). Perkaitan antara hubungan keluarga, pengaruh rakan sebaya dan kecerdasan emosi dengan tingkah laku delinkuen pelajar (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor. Martinez, M. E. (2006). What is metacognition? Phi Delta Kappan, 87(9), 696–699. Matemba, Y. H. (2010). Continuity and change in the development of moral education in Botswana. Journal of Moral Education, 39(3), 329–343.
Matlin, M. W. (2008). The psychology of women (6th ed.). Belmont: Thomson.
Maxwell. B. (2014). Moral development: Lawrence Kohlberg and Carol Gilligan. In Philips D.C., Encyclopedia of Educational Theory and Philosophy (pp. 536-540). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
McNamara, C. (1999). General guidelines for conducting interviews. Diambil dari: http://www.mapnp.org/library/evaluatn/intrview.htm
Moen. P. (2013). New directions in the sociology of aging. Washington DC: National Academies Press.
Mohamad Khairi Othman & Asmawati Suhid, (2010) Peranan sekolah dan guru dalam pembangunan nilai pelajar menerusi penerapan nilai murni: satu sorotan. Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 11, 117-130.
Mohamad Rodzi Abd Razak. (2009). Pembinaan negara bangsa Malaysia: peranan pendidikan sejarah dan dasar pendidikan kebangsaan. Jebat: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics and Strategic Studies, 36, 90-106.
Mohamad Shatar Sabran. (2005). Rahsia kecemerlangan akademik. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Mohamed Farid Noh. (2016, September 17). Pelajar 13 tahun dirogol 4 kenalan Wechat. Berita Harian. Diambil dari http://www.bharian.com.my
Mohammed Khaled Nordin. (2008). Teks ucapan second Malaysia student leaders summit (MSLS). Kuala Lumpur. Diambil dari https://khalednordin.files.wordpress.com.
Mohan & Subashini (2016). Role of teachers in inculcating values among students. National Conference on Value Education through Teacher Education, 1(2), 23-28. Mohd Daud Hamzah. (1993). Liputan kurikulum sekolah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka
Mohd Fathi Adnan, Rohana Hamzah & Amirmudin Udin. (2010). Implikasi falsafah pendidikan kebangsaan dalam pendidikan teknik dan vokasional di Malaysia. Journal of Edupress. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Diambil dari: http://eprints.utm.my/14917/
Mohd Khuzairi Ismail. (2017, Jun 19). 4 remaja didakwa bunuh T.Nhaveen. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Mohd Najib Ghafar, & Ali Harun. (2011). Perbezaan antara pengetahuan dan amalan konsep KBSM di kalangan guru. Jurnal pendidikan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 12, 99-118.
Mohd Zailani Mohd Yusoff, & Aswati Hamzah. (2015). Direction of moral education teacher to enrich character education. JIP-International Multidisciplinary Journal, 3, 119-132.
Mohd Zaki Ahmad & Mohd Zaki Abd. Rahman. (2014). Intrinsik dan ekstrinsik: tinjauan motivasi dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah agama. (pp. 421-450). International Research Management and Innovation Conference 2014 (IRMIC2014) KL, 17-18 November 2014.
Mohd. Majid Kanting. (2005). Kaedah penyelidikan pendidikan, cetakan ketujuh. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Mok Soon Sang. (2010). Falsafah dan pendidikan di Malaysia. Selangor: Multimedia Marketing Sdn Bhd.
Moral studies needs review. (2017, Disember 21). The Star. Diambil dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Mouratidis, A. A., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., & Sideridis, G. (2011). Vitality and interest–enjoyment as a function of class-to-class variation in need-supportive teaching and pupils’ autonomous motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103, 353-366.
Mower, D. (2008). Teaching sympathetic moral reasoning. Teaching Ethics: The Journal of the Society for Ethics across the Curriculum, 8(2), 1-14.
Muehlenhard, C. L., & Peterson, Z. D. (2011). Distinguishing between sex dan gender: history, current conceptualizations, dan implications. Sex Roles 64(11-12), 791–803. doi:10.1007/s11199-011-9932-5.
Muhammad Kamil Mat Zin. (2001). Minat dan motivasi pelajar terhadap mata pelajaran Pendidikan Islam KBSM: satu tinjauan ke atas pelajar-pelajar tingkatan 4 di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Tanjung Adang, Gelang Patah, Johor Bahru, Johor (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Mukherjee, H. (1983). Moral education in plural society: Malaysia. Journal of Moral Education, 12(2), 125-130.
Myyry, L. (2003). Components of morality: a professional ethics perspective on moral motivation, moral sensitivity, moral reasoning and related constructs among university students (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Department of Social Psychology, University of Helsinki.
Nabilah Abdullah, Rohaya Abdul Wahab, Ghaziah Ghazali, Shireena Basree Abdul Rahman & Norshidah Nordin. (2010). Ciri-ciri penyelidikan kualitatif. Dalam Noraini Idris, (Ed.), Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan (pp. 288-314). Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.
Nadarajan, T., & Vishalache, B. (2014). Pengurusan teater forum: satu inovasi teknik dalam pedagogi Pendidikan Moral di sekolah menengah. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 1(2), 38-51.
Nails, D. (2002). The people of Plato: A prosopography of Plato and other Socratics. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Pub.
Narvaez, D. (2002). Individual differences that influence reading comprehension. In Pressley, M., & Block, C. C. (Eds.), Reading comprehension instruction (pp. 158- 175). New York: Guilford.
Narvaez, D. (2005). The Neo-Kohlbergian tradition and beyond: Schemas, expertise and character. In C. Pope-Edwards & G. Carlo (Eds.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, Vol. 51: Moral Motivation through the Lifespan. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press.
Narvaez, D. (2008). Human flourishing and moral development: Cognitive science and neurobiological perspectives on virtue development. In Nucci, L., Narvaez, D. (Eds.), Handbook of moral and character education (pp. 310–327). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Narvaez, D. (2010). Building a sustaining classroom climate for purposeful ethical citizenship. In Lovat, T. & Toomey, R. (Eds.), International Research Handbook of Values Education and Student Wellbeing (pp. 659-674). New York: Springer.
Narvaez, D., & Lapsley, D. K. (2008). Teaching moral character: Two alternatives for teacher education. The Teacher Educator, 43, 156-172.
Narvaez, D., & Rest, J. (1995). The four components of acting morally. In Kurtines, W., & Gewirtz, J. (Ed.), Moral behavior and moral development: An introduction (pp. 385-400). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Seventh edition. Boston, Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.
Newman, B., & Newman, P. (2007). Theories of human development. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Newman, I., & Benz, C. R. (1998). Qualitative-quantitative research methodology: Exploring the interactive continuum. Carbondale: University of Illinois Press.
Neyrinck, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Lens, W., Hutsebaut, D., & Duriez, B. (2006). Cognitive, affective and behavioral correlates of internalization of regulations for religious activities. Motivation and Emotion, 30, 321-332.
Ngu, M. K. (2009). Meningkatkan keberkesanan kawalan kelas menggunakan kaedah ganjaran dan hukuman untuk murid-murid tahun 3. Seminar Penyelidikan Tindakan IPG KBL Tahun 2012 (pp. 132-146).
Nik Azis Nik Pa. (2008). Penelitian terhadap konsep dan amalan pendidikan nilai dan moral In Nik Azis Nik Pa & Noraini Idris (Eds.), Perjuangan memperkasakan pendidikan di Malaysia: pengalaman 50 tahun merdeka (pp. 250-272). Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributions Sdn Bhd.
Nikoomaram, H., Roodposhti, F. R., Ashlagh, A. T., Lotfi, F. H., & Taghipourian, Y. (2013). The Effects of age, gender, education level and work experience of accountant on ethical decision making by using fuzzy logic. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences, 4(6), 1559-1571.
Ning, H. K. & Downing, K. (2010). Connections between learning experience, study behaviour and academic performance: a longitudinal study. Educational Research, 52(4), 457-468.
Nisa, K. (2011). Kesan Motivasi Intrinsik Dan Motivasi Extrinsik Ke Atas Pencapaian Pelajar Tingkatan 5 SMK. Khir Johari Sungai Sumun (Kajian ilmiah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim.
Noor Banu Mahadir Naidu. (2008). Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Muda Pendidikan (Pendidikan Moral) UPSI. Monograph. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Noordin Yahaya, Azizi Yahaya, Jamaludin Ramli, Shahrin Hashim, Zurihanmi Zakariya. (2010). The effects of motivational factors in learning among students in secondary school in Negeri Sembilan. International journal of psychology, 2(1), 128-136.
Noraini Ahmad. (2002). Siri motivasi dan kecemerlangan utusan: kaunseling kekeluargaan. Cheras: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Noraini Idris. (2010). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill. Noraini Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan edisi kedua. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill.
Norazri Mohd Zaidin. (2015). Penerapan nilai-nilai murni dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran ke arah pembentukan sahsiah pelajar di Kolej Kemahiran Tinggi Mara (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Tun Hussien Onn, Johor.
Norbaiti Phaharoradzi. (2016, Ogos 31). Teens among 72 held at holiday eve drug party. The Star. Diambil dari http://www.thestar.com.my
Norruzeyati Che Mohd Nasir & Norzalinda Mohd Ali Hanafiah. (2015). Faktor internal individu dan delinkuensi: kajian ke atas remaja perempuan di Asrama Akhlak Perempuan, Jitra. Jurnal Pembangunan Sosial, 18(6), 185-202.
Norzamira Che Noh. (2017, Mac 17). Three students caught for drug abuse, two found drunk in special ops. News Strait Times. Diambil dari http://www.nst.com.my
Norzihani S., Nur Surayyah Madhubala A., & Samsilah R. (2015). Elemen latar belakang diri sebagai pemudahcara pemikiran moral pasca-konvensional guru pelatih. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 3(4), 46-56.
Nucci, L. (1998). Moral development and moral education: an overview. [Online forum comment]. Diambil dari: http://tigger.uic.edu/~lnucci/MoralEd/overview.html. Nunner-Winkler, G. (2007). Development of moral motivation from childhood to early adulthood. Journal of Moral Education, 36(4), 399-414. doi:10.1080/03057240701687970.
Nur Farhana Abdul Manan. (2016, Februari 22). Kes buli: Pelajar terima lapan jahitan dibelasah senior. Sinar Harian. Diambil dari http://www.sinarharian.com.my.
Nur Izzati Mohamad. (2016, Mac 4). 7 pelajar ditahan curi komputer riba sekolah. Berita Harian. Diambil dari http://www.bharian.com.my
Nurlela Sari. (2013). The importance of teaching moral values to the students. Journal of English and Education, 1(1), 154-162.
Office of the Surgeon General. (2001). Youth Violence: A Report of the Surgeon General. Washington DC U.S.: Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the Secretary, Office of Public Health and Science, Office of the Surgeon General. Diambil dari: www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/youthviolence.
Ogoma, D. E. & Alaiyemola, A. O. (2015). Prospects and problems of teaching moral instructions in primary and secondary schools in Nigeria. International Journal of Capacity Building in Education and Management, 2(3):18-24.
Omar, A. (2008). Penerapan nilai-nilai murni dalam kalangan pelajar sarjana muda pendidikan teknik dan vokasional semasa menjalankan amali di makmal, universiti tun hussein onn Malaysia (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat.
Oser, F., & Althof, W. (2001). The Just community school: learning through forming the life of schools. In Edelstein, W., Oser, F., & Schuster, P. (Eds.), Moral education in schools: developmental psychology and educational practice (pp. 233-268). Weinheim: Beltz.
Ozumba, G. O. (2001). A course text on ethics. Awka: O.O. Publishers.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2006). Moral competence and character strengths among adolescents: The development and validation of the values in action inventory of strengths for youth. Journal of Adolescence, 29(6), 891–909.
Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2009). Strengths of character in schools. In Gilman, R., Huebner, E. S., & Furlong, M.J. (Eds.), Handbook of positive psychology in schools (pp. 65-76). New York: Routledge.
Pascarella, E., & Terenzini, P. (2005). How college affects students (Vol. 2): A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Paxton, J. M., & Greene, J. D. (2010). Moral reasoning: Hints and allegations. Topics in Cognitive Science, 2(3), 511–527.
Peabody, J. P. (2008). Old Greek folk stories told a new. Chapel Hill, NC: Yesterday’s Classic.
Pearson, Q. M., & Nicholson, J. I. (2000). Comprehensive character education in the elementary school: Strategies for administrators, teachers, and counselors. Journal of Humanistic Counseling, Education & Development, 38(4), 243-249.
Pembuli manusia yang tidak gembira. (2016, Oktober 22). Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Perlman, D. J. (2015). The teacher care project: enhancing motivation, engagement and effort of a motivated students. Journal of research, policy & practice of teacher & teacher education, 5(1), 4-16.
Peterson, D., Rhoads, A., & Vaught, B. C. (2001). Ethical beliefs of business professionals: a study of gender, age and external factors. Journal Business Ethics, 3, 225-232.
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk D. H. (1996). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Pohankova, A. (2010). Motivation and decision-making process in managing change within the organization. Human Resources Management & Ergonomics, 4(2), 1-9.
Preeti, B. (2013). Role of emotional intelligence for academic achievement for students. Research Journal of Educational Sciences, 1(2), 8-12.
Prehn, K., Wartenburger, I., Mériau, K., Scheibe, C., Goodenough, O.R., Villringer, A., et al., (2008). Individual differences in moral judgment competence influence neural correlates of socio-normative judgments. Social Cognition Affected Neuroscience, 3(1), 33–46.
Proios, M. (2014). Relationship between discrete emotions and moral content judgment in sport settings. Ethics & Behavior 24, 382–96.
Pym, A. (2010). Exploring Translation Theories. London and New York: Routledge.
Qi, W. X., & Tang, H. W. (2004). The social and cultural background of contemporary moral education in China. Journal of Moral Education, 33(4), 465-480.
Rachels, J. (2003). The Elements of Moral Philosophy (4th edition). New York: McGraw- Hill.
Rai, T. S., and Fiske, A. P. (2011). Moral psychology is relationship regulation: moral motives for unity, hierarchy, equality, and proportionality. Psychol. Rev. 118(1), 57–75. doi: 10.1037/a0021867
Rashidah Rashid, (2007). Hubungan antara gaya pembelajaran dengan motivasi dalam kalangan pelajar di sebuah sekolah menengah luar bandar, Sabah (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Rayburn C. (2004). Assessing students for morality education: a new role for school counselors. Professional School Counseling, 7(5), 356-363.
Rebecca Rajaendram. (2017, Disember 17). Moral values to be assessed. The Star. Diambil dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Reilly, D. (2010). Running head: sex and gender differences in moral cognition (Tesis sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan): Griffith University, Australia.
Reiss, S. (2012). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Teaching of psychology, 39(2), 152 – 156.
Rest, J. (1979). Development in judging moral issues. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Rest, J. R., Narvaez D., Thoma S. J, & Bebeau M. J. (2000). A Neo-Kohlbergian Approach to Morality Research. Journal of Moral Education, 29(4), 381-395.
Rest, J. R., Narvaez, D., Bebeau, M. J., & Thoma, S. J. (1999). A Neo-Kohlbergian approach: The DIT and Schema Theory. Educational Psychology Review, 11(4), 291-324.
Richardson. H. S. (2013). Moral Reasoning. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Diambil dari: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/reasoning-moral/
Richardson. H. S. (2017). Some Tips about What We’re Looking For. Ethics 128(1), 1-5.
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., Hanhimäki, E., & Tirri, K. (2018). The implications of teachers’ implicit theories for moral education: A case study from Finland. Journal of Moral Education, 47(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057240.2017.1374244
Romanowski, M. (2003). Lessons for life. American School Board Journal, 190(11), 32- 35.
Roos Niza Mohd Shariff. (2017). Implikasi jenayah bawah umur. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Rosati, C. S. (2016). Moral Motivation. In Edward, N. Z. (Ed), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (online). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. Diambil dari internet: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/moral- motivation/
Rosilawati Sultan Mohideen, Nurliyana Kamilah Khairul Anuar, Dzaa Imma Abdul Latiff, Abdul Rauf Ridzuan, & Fazlul Haque Kamarudin. (2016). Social factors that contribute juvenile delinquency at Melaka. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, 3, 93-98. Diambil dari: http://jesoc.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/03/KC3_86.pdf
Rosman Md. Yusoff, & Kassim Thukiman. (2008). Teori dan pemikiran mengenai hubungan etnik. In Kassim Thukiman & Hamidah Abdul Rahman (Ed.), Hubungan etnik di Malaysia: perspektif, teori dan praktik (pp. 17-54). Skudai, Johor:vPenerbit UTM Press.
Rosnani, H. (2007). Education in fostering a united and caring citizenship in Malaysia. In Tan, C. & Chong, K. (Eds.), Critical perspectives on values education in Asia (pp. 83•97). Singapore: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Rozmi Ismail. (2015). Buli di Sekolah: Igauan atau Realiti? Bicara Persada Canselori: anjuran Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi.
Rumainah Ibrahim & Faridah Mydin Kutty. (2017). Dorongan autonomi guru dalam pembentukan motivasi intrinsik murid. (pp. 308-314). Seminar on Transdisiplin Education (STEd2017). UKM.
Ryan, G. W., & Bernard, H. R. (2000). Data management and analysis methods. In Denzin, N. K. & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.), Handbook of Qualitative Research, 2nd edtion (pp. 769-802). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.
Ryan, R. M., & Connell, J. P. (1989). Perceived locus of causality and internalization: Examining reasons for acting in two domains. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 749-761.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25, 54-67.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2007). Active human nature: Self-determination theory and the promotion and maintenance of sport, exercise, and health. In Hagger, M.S., & Chatzisarantis, N.L.D. (Ed.), Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in exercise and sport (pp. 1-19). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Europe Ltd.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2008). Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior. In John, O. P., Robbins, R. W., & Pervin, L. A. (Eds.), Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research (pp. 654-678). New York: The Guilford Press.
Ryan, R. M., Williams, G. C., & Deci, E. L. (2009). Self-determination theory and physical activity: The dynamics of motivation in development and wellness. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 6, 107-124.
Sabitha Marican. (2005). Membentuk suasana kerja positif: Aspek hubungan manusia dan persekitaran sosial. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications dan Distributors.
Saedah Abd. Ghani. (2004). Kesan kaunseling keluarga ke atas penyesuaian keluarga, kohesi keluarga, persekitaran keluarga tingkah laku bermasalah dan konsep kendiri remaja awal bermasalah tingkah laku (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.
Sajidah Asarulah Khan. (2015, Ogos 6). Budak perempuan 11 tahun lahir bayi. Utusan Malaysia. Diambil dari http://www.utusan.com.my
Sakhilah Shahkat Ali. (2009). Orientasi moral di kalangan pelajar tingkatan empat (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Malaya.
Sanadhya, R., Sharma, D. K. & Sushil, C. S. (2010). A comparative study of altruism among the boys and girls of joint and nuclear families. Journal of Mental Behaviour & Human Health, 15(2), 88-90.
Sandeep Kaur, C. (2015). Generational Differences in the Interaction between Valuing Leisure and Having Work-Life Balance on Altruistic and Conscientious Behaviors (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Industrial-Organizational Psychology, Seattle Pacific University.
Santrock, J.W. (2008). Children (10th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Sapouna, M. & Wolke, D. (2013). Resilience to bullying victimization: The role of individual, family and peer characteristics. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 997-1006.
Sathish Rao. A. (2015). Pertimbangan moral dalam kalangan pelajar bermasalah disiplin: penggunaan 'Sociomoral Reflection Measure-Short Form Objective' (SRM-SFO).Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education, 5(2), 50-64.
Schemrich. C. M. (2003). Applying principles of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development to classroom instruction, classroom discipline procedures, school-wide discipline procedures, district programs and community programs (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): The Graduate Faculty of the University of Akron.
Schepers D. H. (2003). Machiavellianism, profit, and the dimensions of ethical judgment: a study of impact. Journal of Business Ethics, 42, 339–52.
Scott, N., & Seglow, J. (2007) Altruism. Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Sekaran, U. (2003) Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (4th Edition). New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Shamsuddin Muhammad, Ruzlan Md. Ali & Siti Noor Ismail. (2016). Tahap amalan penerapan kemahiran pemikiran kritis (KPK) di sekolah menengah berprestasi tinggi, sederhana dan rendah. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge through Research UUM-UMSIDA, Proceeding of ICECRS. 967-976. doi: https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i1.639
Sharma, D., & Mohite, P. (2007). Teachers’ perceptions of values education for children. In Tan, C. & Chong, K. (Eds.), Critical perspectives on values education in Asia (pp. 30-49). Singapore: Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia.
Shockley-Zalabak, P. (1999). Fundamentals of organisational communication: knowledge, sensitivity, skills, values. New York: Longman.
Sidani, Y., Zbib, I., Rawwas, M., & Moussawer, T. (2009). Gender, age and ethical sensitivity: the case of Lebanese workers. Gender in Management: International Journal, 24(3), 211-227.
Sidek Mohd. Noh. (2002). Reka bentuk penyelidikan falsafah, teori dan praktis. Serdang: Penerbit UPM.
Siti Hajar & Yahya Don. (2016). Kefungsian keluarga dan ketahanan diri pelajar sekolah menengah kebangsaan harian. International Seminar on Generating Knowledge through Research, UUM-UMSIDA, 25-27 October 2016, Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Siti Khodijah (2011). Hubungan antara motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta.
Siti Noor Fazariah & Zulkarnaen. (2014). Tret personaliti dalam pembentukan tingkahlaku kanak-kanak delinkuen di Negeri Sabah. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Family Integrity (SKIK 2014). Universiti Malaysia Sabah: Sabah.
Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. New York: Knopf.
Smetana, J. G. (1990). Morality and conduct disorders: Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology. New York: Plenum Press.
Snyder, H. (2008). Juvenile Arrests 2006. Bulletin. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention.
Stams, G. J. J. M., Brugman, D., Deković, M., Van Rosmalen, L., Van der Laan, P. H., & Gibbs, J. C. (2006). The moral judgment of juvenile delinquents: A meta- analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 697–713.
Stapleton, M. (2013). An Investigation of Moral Development: the Effect of Religiosity on Kohlbergian Moral Reasoning. Student Psychology Journal, 4, 87-105.
Stephens, D. G. (2009). A Correlational Study on Parental Attachment and Moral Judgment Competence of Millennial Generation College Students. Public Access Theses and Dissertations from the College of Education and Human Sciences. Diambil dari: . http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsdiss/32.
Stone, A. (2002). Human rights education and public policy in the United States: mapping the road ahead Adam Stone. Human Rights Quarterly, 24(2), 537-557.
Stover, J. B., de la Iglesia, G., Rial Boubeta, A., & Fernández Liporace, M. (2012). Academic Motivation scale (AMS): Adaptation and psychometric analyses for high school and college students. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 5, 71-83. doi: 10.2147/PRBM.S33188
Sucharita, R. (2013). A study of moral judgement of secondary school students in relation to some variables (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Sri Padmavathi Womens University, India. Diambil dari: http://hdl.handle.net/10603/6752
Suppiah Nachiappan, Barathy Sinnasamy, & Sandra Suffian (2017). Masalah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran Pendidikan Moral di sekolah menengah dan penyelesaian masalah melalui kaedah Hermeneutik. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education (JRPPTTE), 7(2), 58-68.
Syahruan Azan Ngadmid. (2015). Hubungan perapatan guru dengan murid dalam bilik darjah terhadap tingkah laku murid (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2001). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Tarry, H., & Emler, N. (2007). Attitudes, values and moral reasoning as predictors of delinquency. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 25(2), 169-183. doi:10.1348/026151006X113671
Tashakkori, A., & Creswell, J. W. (2007). Editorial: the new era of mixed methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1):3-7.
Terry, D. J. (2013). The male group effect: measuring moral judgment and reasoning among two cohorts of first-year college men (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Texas Christian University, Texas.
The juvenile justice and delinquency prevention act a fact book. (2007). Amerika Syarikat: National Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Coalition.
Thoma, S. J., & Bebeau, M. J. (2013). Moral motivation and the four component model. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 49-68). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Thoman, D. B., Brown, E. R., Mason, A. Z., Harmsen, A. G. & Smith, J. L. (2014). The role of altruistic values in motivating underrepresented minority students for biomedicine. BioScience, 65, 183-188.
Thomas, J. & Dunphy, S. (2017). Factors Affecting Moral Judgment in Business Students. Journal of the Indiana Academy of the Social Sciences, 17(1), 130-153.
Thompson W. G. (2002). The effects of character education on student behavior (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): East Tennessee State University. Diambil dari: http://dc.etsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1863&context=etd
Toremen, F. (2011). The responsibility education of teacher candidates. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 11(1), 273-277.
Total population sampling. (2012). In Laerd dissertation. Retrieved July 25, 2018 from http://dissertation.laerd.com/total-population-sampling.php
Tranquillo, J. & Stecker, M. (2016). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation in Professional Development and Continuing Education for the Health Professions. Surgical Neurology International. 7(7) 23-40.
Trojanowicz, R. C., Morash, M., & Schram, P. J. (2001). Juvenile delinquency concepts and control. United States: Prentice Hall.
Turiel, E. (2002). The Culture of Morality: social development, context, and conflict. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Turiel, E. (2008). Foreword. Journal of Moral Education, 37(3), 279–288. Uk Raai Chen, Alias Masek, Mohd Hasril Amiruddin. (2014) Kajian gaya pembelajaran dan motivasi terhadap pencapaian pelajar Diploma Kejuruteraan di Politeknik. Prosiding Persidangan Pendidikan (Penyelidikan dan Inovasi) dalam Pendidikan dan Latihan Teknikal dan Vokasional (CiE-TVET 2014) Kali ke-4. Mersing, Johor.
UNICEF. (2011). Adolescence an age of opportunity. New York: Hatteras Press.
Utting, D. (2007). Parenting and the different ways it can affect children’s lives: Research evidence. York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation.
Vallerand, R. J., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., & Pelletier, L. G. (1989). Construction and validation of the motivation toward education scale. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science Revue Canadienne, 21, 323-349.
Vallerand, R. J., Pelletier, L. G., Blais, M. R., Briere, N. M., Senecal, C., & Vallieres, E. F. (1992). The Academic Motivation Scale: A measure of intrinsic, extrinsic and amotivation in education. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 52, 1003- 1017.
Vallerand, R.J. (2001). A hierarchical model of intrinsic and motivation in sport and exercise. In G.C. Roberts (Ed.). Advances in motivation in sport and exercise (pp: 263-320). Champaign: Human Kinetics.
Values Education Study. (2003) Final Report. Melbourne: Curriculum Corporation.
Van Dijk, N. (2016). A comparison of different approaches to moral education: The development of moral capacities in regular and democratic schools in the Netherlands (Tesis sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan): Utrecht University: Netherlands.
Vansteenkiste, M., Sierens, E., Soenens, B., Luyckx, K., & Lens, W. (2009). Motivational profiles from a self-determination perspective: the quality of motivation matters. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(3), 671-688. Doi: Doi 10.1037/A0015083.
Veugelers, W. (2008). Moral values in teacher education. Paper Presented at the 1st Symposium on Moral and Democratic Education, 24 ‐ 27 August 2008, Florina, Greece.
Veugelers, W. (Ed.). (2011). Education and humanism: Linking autonomy and humanity. Rotterdam/ Boston/Taipeh: Sense Publishers.
Video perempuan mengamuk kereta kena langgar dikeji pengguna media sosial (Julai 16, 2014). Astro Awani. Diambil Dari: www.astroawani.com
Viera, A. J. & Garnet, J. M. (2005). Understanding interobserver agreement: The Kappa statistic. Family Medicine, 37(5), 360-363.
Vischalache, B. (2004). Project work in teaching moral education: A Malaysian review. Presented in Association for Moral Education International Conference. California: Dana Point.
Vischalache, B. (2013). Moral Education subject: It is too exam-oriented. New Straits Times. Diambil dari: http://www.nst.com.my/
Vishalache, B. (2009). Teaching moral education in secondary schools using real life dilemmas (Tesis doktor falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan): Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.
Vishalache, B. (2010). The development of Moral Education in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 25, 89–101.
Vishalache, B. (2007). Kesan Menggunakan Dilema Kehidupan Sebenar Dalam Pengajaran-Pembelajaran Pendidikan Moral. Masalah Pendidikan, 30(1), 101-112.
Vishalache, B. (2014). i-Think dalam Subjek Pendidikan Moral. In Vishalache, B. (Ed.), Aplikasi I-Think dalam Pendidikan (pp. 135-150). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Vishalache, B. (2014b). Menuju ke arah masyarakat Malaysia berfikiran aras tinggi. In Vishalache, B. (Ed.), Aplikasi I-Think dalam Pendidikan (pp. 135-150). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Vishalache, B. (2016, Jun 19). Transforming moral education. The Star. Diambil dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Vishalache, B. (2017). Making moral education work in a multicultural society with Islamic hegemony. Journal of Moral Education, 46(1), 79-87.
Vishalache, B. (2015). Teaching moral values and ethics. New Straits Times. Diambil dari: http://www.nst.com.my/
Vitell, S. J., Singh, J. J., & Paolillo, J. G. (2007). Consumers’ ethical beliefs: The roles of money, religiousity and attitude toward business. Journal of Business Ethics, 73(4), 369-379. Diambil dari: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-006-9212-4
Waldmann, M. R., Nagel, J., & Wiegmann, A. (2012). Moral judgment. In Holyoak, K. J. & Morrison, R. G. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Thinking and Reasoning (pp. 364-389). New York: Oxford University Press.
Walker, J. M. (2013). Moral motivation through perspective exemplary. In Heinrichs, K., Oser, F., & Lovat, T. (Eds.) Handbook of moral motivation (pp. 197-214). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Walker, L. J. & Moran, T. J. (1991). Moral reasoning in a communist Chinese society, Journal of Moral Education, 20, 139-155.
Walker, L. J. (2004). Gus in the gap: Bridging the judgment–action gap in moral functioning. In Lapsley, D. K., & Narvaez, D. (Eds.), Moral development, self, and identity (pp. 1–20). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Walker, L. J. (2006). Gender and morality. In Killen, M. & Smetana, J. G. (Eds.), Handbook of moral development (pp. 93-115). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Walker, L. J., Gustafson, P., & Frimer, J. A. (2007). The application of Bayesian analysis to issues in development research. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 366-373.
Wan Su Haron. (2008). Hubungan personaliti, kemahiran sosial, kebimbangan dan rakan sebaya dengan tingkah laku devian di kalangan pelajar universiti. Presented in International Conference on the Roles of the Humanities and Social Sciences in Eengineering (ICOHSE08), Perlis: Universiti Malaysia Perlis.
Wark, G. R., & Krebs, D. L. (2000). The construction of moral dilemmas in everyday life. Journal of Moral Education, 29, 5-21.
Weiner, B. (1990). History of motivation research in education. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 616–622.
Wiersma, W. (2000). Research methods in education: An introduction. Needham Heights, MA: A. Pearson.
Wilhelm. W.J. & Gunawong. P. (2016). Cultural dimensions and moral reasoning: a comparative study. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 36(5/6), 335 – 357. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-05-2015-0047
Williams, G. C., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1998). Building Health-Care Partnerships by Supporting Autonomy: Promoting Maintained Behavior Change and Positive Health Outcomes. In Suchman, A. L., Hinton-Walker, P., & Botelho, R. (Eds.) Partnerships in healthcare: Transforming relational process (pp. 67-87). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
Williams, J. P., Brown, L. G., Silverstein, A. K., & de Cani, J. S. (1994). An instructional program in comprehension of narrative themes for adolescents with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities Quarterly, 17, 205-221.
Williams, K., & Williams, C. (2011). Five key ingredients for improving motivation. Research in Higher Education Journal, 11, 1-23. http://aabri.com/manuscripts/11834.pdf
Willingham, D. T. (2007). Critical thinking: Why is it so hard to teach? American Educator, 31(2), 8–19. Wilson, J. (1973). A Teacher’s Guide to Moral Education. London: Geoffrey Chapman. Wiredu, K. (2002). The Moral Foundation of an African Culture. In Coetzee, P. H., & Roux, A. P. J. (eds.), Philosophy From Africa: A Text with Readings. (pp. 287-306). New York: Oxford University Press.
Wissink, I. B., Dekovic, M., Stams, G. J. J. M., Asscher, J. J., Rutten, E. A., & Zijlstra, B. J. H. (2014). Moral orientation and relationships in school and adolescent pro-and antisocial behaviors: A multi-level study. Journal of School Nursing, 30, 216-225.
Wringe, C. (2006). Moral education: Beyond the teaching of right and wrong. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.
Yao Xiao. (2012). The effectiveness of a moral education curriculum in increasing life satisfaction and moral reasoning of adolescent in China (Tesis sarjana muda yang tidak diterbitkan): Brandeis University.
Yau, H. K., Kan, M. S., & Cheng, L. F. A. (2011). Gender differences on Intrinsic Motivation in Hong Kong Higher Education. E-Journal of Organizational Learning and Leadership, 9(2), 63 - 80.
Yong. K.K. (2016, Julai 2). Make the subject of moral education more meaningful. The Star. Diambil dari: http://www.thestar.com.my
Zainudin Sharif, & Norazmah Mohamad Roslan. (2011). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi remaja terlibat dalam masalah sosial di Sekolah Tunas Bakti, Sungai Lereh, Melaka. Journal of Education Psychology & Counseling, 1(7), 115- 140.
Zaleha Yaacob. (2010). Pengaruh keganasan dalam media terhadap tingkah laku agresif remaja. (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.
Zamzuri. A. M. (2003). Tingkah laku delinkuen di kalangan mahasiswa universiti (Tesis sarjana yang tidak diterbitkan): Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang.
Zhao, Z., & Tan, C. (2007). Citizenship education in mainland China at a crossroads. In Tan, C. & Chong, K. (Eds.), Critical perspectives on values education in Asia (pp. 124–137). Singapore: Prentice Hall, Pearson Education South Asia.
Zhou, M. & Brown, D. (2015). Educational Learning Theories. Education Open Textbooks 1, 38-47. Diambil dari: https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/education-textbooks/1
Zizek, B., Garz D., & Nowak, E. (2015). Kohlberg revisited. (pp. 1-16). Rotterdam: Sense Publisher.
Zurina Mahadi, & Hukil Sino. (2007). Hubungan nilai masyarakat & pembangunan: satu analisa. MALIM: Jurnal Pengajian Umum Asia Tenggara, 8, 77-94.
Zwick, M., & Fletcher, J. A. (2014). Levels of altruism. Biological Theory, 9(1), 100-107. DOI 10.1007/s13752-013-0145-8.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |