UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
![]() |
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian yang menjurus kepada penularan gejala buli siber semakin giat dijalankan. Tujuan kajian ini
dijalankan adalah untuk meninjau situasi gejala buli siber dan implikasi terhadap emosi,
motivasi dan sosial dalam kalangan murid sekolah menengah. Kajian berbentuk kajian
tinjauan melibatkan 250 orang murid sekolah menengah dari sebuah bandar di Pulau Pinang.
Instrumen kajian merupakan soal selidik yang dibina penyelidik dan diadaptasi dari Cyberbullying
and Online Aggression Survey Instrument, bagi menilai empat aspek utama iaitu situasi gejala
buli siber, implikasi emosi, motivasi dan sosial. Kesahan dan tahap kebolehpercayaan
item-item soal selidik kajian berada pada tahap yang baik iaitu semua bahagian berada di aras
tinggi ( > 0.8 ) dengan nilai yang diperoleh adalah 0.825. Data kajian dianalisis secara deskriptif
dan inferensi dengan menggunakan kekerapan, peratusan, min dan juga korelasi. Dapatan yang
diperoleh menunjukkan situasi gejala buli siber berada pada tahap rendah iaitu 2.07 dalam skala 1
hingga 5 mata. Analisis korelasi pula menunjukkan wujud hubungan yang signifikan dan positif namun
berada di aras rendah antara gejala buli siber dan implikasi motivasi iaitu dengan nilai r =
0.144 , p = 0.023 iaitu lebih kecil dari 0.05 (p < 0.05). Manakala, bagi implikasi emosi
dan sosial didapati bahawa tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara gejala buli
siber dan juga implikasi-implikasi tersebut dengan nilai r = 0.117 ,nilai p = 0.064 bagi implikasi
emosi dan implikasi sosial pula adalah r = 0.110, p = 0.083. Berdasarkan kajian ini item tiada
keseronokan melakukan sesuatu perkara dalam konstruk implikasi motivasi serta item berasa marah
dan berasa takut dan berada dalam bahaya dari konstruk implikasi emosi mencatatkan
nilai min tertinggi yang dialami mangsa buli siber. Kesimpulannya, penularan gejala
buli siber berupaya menyumbang kepada implikasi negatif terhadap murid sekolah
menengah dari aspek emosi, motivasi dan sosial. Tindakan tegas pihak berwajib dan
kolaborasi semua pihak dalam mengenal pasti kaedah efektif bagi menangani impak yang dialami mangsa
dilakukan supaya kesejahteraan dan keseimbangan perkembangan diri generasi muda dari aspek jasmani,
emosi, rohani dan intelektual dapat membantu ke arah menyumbang kepada
keharmonian dan
pembangunan negara.
|
References |
Adler, A. & Seligman, M. E. (2016). Using wellbeing for public policy: Theory, measurement,and recommendations. International journal of wellbeing, 6(1).
Agnew, R. (1992). Foundation for a general strain theory of crime and delinquency. Criminology, 30(1), 47-88.
Alzahrin Alias & Mohd Nasaruddin Parzi. (2015). Remaja terpengaruh media sosial. BHPlus, 1- 10.
Aliff Nawi., Gamal Abdul Nasir Zakaria., Norkhairiah Hashim. & Chua Chy Ren (2015). Penilaian kualiti modul iPBL: Aspek kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan. Journal of Quality Measurement and Analysis JQMA, 11(2), 1-10.
Azizi Yahaya, Voo, P, Ismail Maakip. & Mohd Dahlan A. Malek, (2017). Kaedah Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Azianura Hani Shaari, Mohammad Rahim Kamaluddin (2019). Buli siber: Ketidaksantunan bahasa dan etika media sosial dalam kalangan remaja Malaysia. e-Bangi, 16(6).
Azman Ab. Rahman. (2019). Pengurusan institusi zakat berdasarkan Maqasid Syariah dan matlamat pembangunan lestari (SDG). Journal of Fatwa Management and Research, 42-59.
Bailey, G. (2013). Cyberbullying: Victimization through electronic means. Current Issues in Education, 18(1), 1-7.
Balkishan Sharma (2016). A focus on reliability in developmental research through Cronbach’s Alpha among medical, dental and paramedical professionals. Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences, 3(4), 271-278.
Beran, T. & Li, Q. (2005). Cyber-harassment : A study of new method for an old behavior. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 32(3), 265-277.
Bottino, S. B., Bottino, C. C., Regina, C. G., Correia, A. V. L. & Ribeiro, W. S. (2015). Cyberbullying and adolescent mental health: systematic review. Cad. Saude Publica, 31(3), 463-475.
Boca-Zamfir, M. (2016). Psychological effects of cyberbullying in adolescence theoretical analysis. Romanian Journal Of Experimental Applied Psychology, 379-383.
Brack, K. & Caltabiano, N. (2014). Cyberbullying and self-esteem in Australian adults.
Brewer, G. & Kerslake, J. (2015). Cyberbullying, self-esteem, empathy and loneliness. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 255-260.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1977). Toward an experimental ecology of human development. American Psychologist, 32(7), 513.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1986). Ecology of the family as a context for human development: Research perspectives. Developmental Psychology, 22(6), 723.
Buli siber menjejaskan kualiti tidur, kemurungan. (2019). Free Malaysia Today, 17.
Camelford, K. G. & Ebrahim, C. (2016). The cyberbullying virus: A psychoeducational intervention to define and discuss cyberbullying among high school females. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health, 11(3-4), 458-468.
Carvalho, M., Branquinho, C. & Matos, M. G. D. (2017). Cyberbullies, cybervictims and cyberbullies-victims: Discriminant factors in portuguese adolescents. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 18(3), 657-668.
Caravita, S. C., Colombo, B., Stefanelli, S. & Zigliani, R. (2016). Emotional, psychophysiological and behavioral responses elicited by the exposition to cyberbullying situations: Two experimental studies. Psicologia educativa, 22(1), 49-59.
Cenat, J. M., Herbert, M., Blais, M., Lavoie, F., Guerrier, M. & Derivois, D. (2014). Cyberbullying, psychological distress and self-esteem among youth in Quebec Schools. Journal Affective Disorder, 169, 7-9.
Christi, C. B. & David, A. B. (2018). Child & adolescent development in your classroom topical approach. 3rd ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Che Hasniza Che Noh & Mohd Yusri Ibrahim (2014). Kajian penerokaan buli siber dalam kalangan pelajar UMT. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 134, 323-329.
Che Hasniza Che Noh, Mohd Yusri Ibrahim & Fatimah Yusooff (2018). Meneroka ciri dan faktor buli siber dalam kalangan remaja di Malaysia. Terengganu, Malaysia: Penerbit UMT.
Chemsi, G., Sadiq, M., Radid, M. & Talbi, M. (2020). Study of the self-determined motivation among students in the context of online pedagogical activities. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(05), 17-29.
Cross, D., Lester, L. & Barnes, A. (2015). A longitudinal study of the social and emotional predictors and consequences of cyber and traditional bullying victimization. International Journal of Public Health, 60(2), 207-217.
Davies, R. B. (1977). Hypothesis testing when a nuisance parameter is present only under the alternative. Biometrika, 64(2), 247-254.
DePaolis, K. J. & Williford, A. (2019). Pathways from cyberbullying victimization to negative health outcomes among elementary school students: A longitudinal investigation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(9), 2390-2403.
Den Hamer, A. H. & Konijn, E. A. (2015). Adolescents' media exposure may increase their cyberbullying behavior: A longitudinal study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 56(2), 203- 208.
Diener, E. (1994). Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities. Social indicators research, 31(2), 103-157.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E. & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological bulletin, 125(2), 276.
Dredge, R., Gleeson, J. F. & De la Piedad Garcia, X. (2014). Risk factors associated with impact severity of cyberbullying victimization: A qualitative study of adolescent online social networking. Cyberpsychology, behavior, and social networking, 17(5), 287-291.
Eden, S., Heiman, T. & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2016). Bully versus victim on the internet: The correlation with emotional-social characteristics. Educaton Information Technology, 21, 699-713.
Elipe, P., Mora-Merchán, J. A., Ortega-Ruiz, R. & Casas, J. A. (2015). Perceived emotional intelligence as a moderator variable between cyber victimization and its emotional impact. Journal Frontiers in Psychology, 6(486),1-11.
Englander, E., Donnerstein, E., Kowalski, R., Lin, C. A. & Parti, K. (2017). Defining cyberbullying. Pediatrics, 140(Supplement 2), S148-S151.
Erikson, E. H. (1963). Childhood and society 2nd ed. New York: Norton.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Youth: Identity and crisis. New York: WW.
Erikson, E. H. (1980). Identity and the life cycle. New York: Norton.
Espinoza, G. (2015). Daily cybervictimization among Latino adolescents: Links with emotional, physical and school adjustment. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 38, 39-48.
Foody, M., Samara, M. & Carlbring, P. (2015). A review of cyberbullying and suggestions for online psychological therapy. Internet Interventions, 2(3), 235-242.
Fryling, M., Cotler, J., Rivituso, J., Mathews, L. & Pratico, S. (2015). Cyberbullying or normal game play? impact of age, gender and experience on cyberbullying in multi-player online gaming environments: Perceptions from one gaming forum. Journal of Information SystemsApplied Research (JISAR), 8(1), 4-15.
Gaol, N. T. L. (2016). Teori stres: Stimulus, respons, dan transaksional. Buletin psikologi, 24(1),1 11.
González-Calatayud, V. (2018). Victims of cyberbullying in the Region of Murcia: A growing reality. Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research, 7(1), 10-16.
Graham, R. & Wood Jr, F. R. (2019). Associations between cyberbullying victimization and deviant health risk behaviors. The Social Science Journal, 56(2), 183-188.
Halpern, D., Piña, M. & Vásquez, J. (2017). Loneliness, personal and social well-being: Towards a conceptualization of the effects of cyberbullying/Soledad, bienestar social e individual: Hacia una conceptualización de los efectos del cyberbullying. Cultury Educación, 29(4), 703-727.
Hanif Suhairi Abu Bakar. (2015). The emergence themes of cyberbullying among adolescences. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 20(4), 393-406.
Heiman, T., Olenik-Shemesh, D. & Eden, S. (2015). Cyberbullying involvement among students with ADHD: Relation to loneliness, self-efficacy and social support. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 30(1),15-29.
Helma Hassan. (2018). Buli siber di Malaysia. Buletin Kesihatan, 1-7.
Herzberg, F. (1976). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 40(1), 53-62.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2009). Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Hinduja, S. & Patchin, J. W. (2013). Social influences on cyberbullying behaviors among middle and high school students. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42(5), 711-722.
Jacobs, N. C., Goossens, L., Dehue, F., Völlink, T. & Lechner, L. (2015). Dutch cyberbullying victims’ experiences, perceptions, attitudes and motivations related to (coping with) cyberbullying: Focus group interviews. Societies, 5(1), 43-64.
Johanson, G. A. & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: Sample size for pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394-400.
Jose, B. A., Craig, W. L. & Lela, R. W. (2018). Human behavior in the social environment: A multidimensional perspective 6th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Junaidi, R., Ali, T. I. M. T. M. & Mamat, M. (2018). Mesosistem dalam novel kanak-kanak terpilih. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu, 29(1), 181-200.
Kalaisilven, S. & Mohamad Fauzi Sukimi (2019). Kawalan ibu bapa terhadap anak-anak dalam penggunaan media sosial (Parental control over children in the use of Ssocial media). Akademika, 89(1).
Kim, G. D. (2011). The adolescent development, relationships and culture. 13th ed. Boston: Pearson Education.
Kim, S., Colwell, S. R., Kata, A., Boyle, M. H. & Georgiades, K. (2018). Cyberbullying victimization and adolescent mental health: Evidence of differential effects by sex and mental health problem type. Journal Youth Adolescence, 47, 661-672.
Kowalski, R. M., Limber, S. P. & Agatston, P. W. (2012). Cyberbullying : Bullying in the digital age. 2nd ed. Oxford, United Kingdom: A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kowalski, R. M. & Toth, A. (2018). Cyberbullying among youth with and without disabilities. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 11(1), 7-15.
Krejcie, R. V. & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607-610.
Lai, C. S., Mohamad, M. M., Lee, M. F., Mohd Salleh, K., Sulaiman, N. L., Rosli, D. I. & Chang, W. S. (2017). Prevalence of cyberbullying among students in Malaysian higher learning institutions. Advanced Science Letters, 23(2), 781-784.
Lazarus, R. S. & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lazarus, R. S. (1993). From psychological stress to the emotions: A history of changing outlooks. Annual review of psychology, 44(1), 1-22.
Maslow, A. H (1996). Critique of self-actualization theory, in: E. Hoffman Ed. Future visions: The unpublished papers of Abraham Maslow. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 26–32
Matos, A. P., Vieira, C. C., Amado, J., Pessoa, T. & Martins, M. J. D. (2018). Cyberbullying in Portuguese schools: Prevalence and characteristics. Journal of school violence, 17(1), 123- 137.
Maliah Surip. (2018). Pembuli, pemangsa dunia siber. Jurnal-Kosmo Online, 1-8.
Mahali, S. N. H., Cosmas, G. & Seok, C. B. (2019). Apakah yang kita faham mengenai kesejahteraan kanak-kanak? Kajian kes di Pulau Gaya, Sabah. Sains Humanika, 11(1).
Marret, M. J. & Choo, W. Y. (2017). Factors associated with online victimization among Malaysian adolescents who use social networking sites: A cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 7(6).
Ngo Yew Yung, Nasharuddin Imraan Rosli , Muhammad Afiq Aizaq Mat Salleh @ Sukri, Nasharuddin Imraan Rosli, Fatin Nur Syahirah Abdul Hamid., Nor Nasihah Mohd Robi,
Nurul Nasuha Rosly. & Mohd Razimi Husin (2019). Gejala buli secara fizikal yang semakin berleluasa di sekolah. International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science, 2(1), 65-75.
Nixon, C. L. (2014). Current perspectives: The impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 5, 143-158.
Noraini, Idris. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. 2nd ed. Selangor, Malaysia: McGraw- Hill Education.
Olenik-Shemesh, D. & Heiman, T. (2017). Cyberbullying victimization in adolescents as related to body esteem, social support, and social self-efficacy. The Journal of genetic psychology, 178(1), 28-43.
On The Alert For Cyberbullying-Letters. (2017). The Star Online, 1-4.
Ortega, R., Elipe, P., Mora-Merchan, J. A., Genta, M. L., Brighi, A., Guarini, A. & Smith, P. K. (2012).The emotional impact of bullying and cyberbullying on victims : A European crossnational study. Aggressive Behavior, 38, 342-356.
Osemeke, M. & Adegboyega, S. (2017). Critical review and comparism between Maslow, Herzberg and McClelland's theory of needs. Funai Journal of Accounting, Business and Finance, 1(1), 161-173.
Othman Talib. (2015). SPSS: Analisis data kuantitatif untuk penyelidik muda. MPWS Rich Publication Sdn. Bhd.
Patchin, J. W. & Hinduja, S. (2006). Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: A preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth violence and juvenile justice, 4(2), 148-169.
Patrick, L., Andy, B., Ross, D. P. & Mary, G. (2012). Developmental psychology. New York, NY: Mc Graw-Hill Education.
Peled, Y. (2019). Cyberbullying and its influence on academic, social, and emotional development of undergraduate students. Heliyon, 5(3).
Peyton-Brown, C. (2010). Bullying and gender: The social/emotional, psychological, and physical effects on middle school students in south Mississippi. Doctoral dissertation, ProQuest LLC.
Price, M. & Dalgleish, J. (2010). Cyberbullying: Experiences, impacts and coping strategies as described by Australian young people. Youth Studies Australia, 29(2), 51.
Radzali, N. F. J., Kenayathulla, H. B. & Ghani, M. F. A. (2018). Analisis implementasi undang undang siber di beberapa buah sekolah menengah Kerian. JuPiDi: Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 5(1), 64-77.
Roberta, M. B. (2010). Child, family, school, community socialization and support. 8th ed. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Robert, S. F. (2014). Life span development a topical approach. 2nd ed. New Jersey: Pearson Education.
Rose, N. N. & Mustafa, M. Y. (2018). Stress among working women: Counseling services using the Lazarus stress theory and the practice of solution-focused therapy. AsianSocial Work Journal, 3(1), 28-34.
Rozanizam Zakaria (2018). Viral bentuk baharu buli siber. Kolumnis Berita Harian, 1-8.
Russell, D. W. (1996). UCLA loneliness scale, version 3: Reliability, validity and factor structure. Journal of Personality Assessment, 66(1), 20-40.
Safaria, T. (2016). Prevalence and impact of cyberbullying in a sample of Indonesian junior high school students. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 15(1), 82-91.
Safiek Mokhlis. (2019). Buli siber dalam kalangan pelajar sekolah menengah: Satu penerokaan awal. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 1(2), 7-18.
Saibon Jamalsafri, Leong, A.C.H. & Muhamad Zahir Abd Razak. (2017). Enhancing knowledge of bullying behavior through creative pedagogy among students. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction: Special Issues, 197-219.
Samara, M., Burbidge, V., El Asam, A., Foody, M., Smith, P. & Morsi, H. (2017). Bullying and cyberbullying: Their legal status and use in psychological assessment. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(12), 1449.
Santrock, J. W. (2014). Adolescence. 15th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. 141-142.
Santrock, J. W. (2014). A topical approach to life-span development. 7th ed. New York: Mc Graw-Hill Education.
Simon, S. (2017). Cybervictimization: School experience of Malaysian cyberbullied teenagers. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 11(3), 713-720.
Siti Salmiah Abdul Hamid. (2015). Konflik kanak-kanak ketagih media sosial. Harian Metro, 1- 6.
Siti Zarinah Sahib. (2019). Cegah Buli Siber. Harian Metro, 1-6.
Suhaila Sharil., Mohamed Fairooz Mohamed Fathillah., Muhammad Yosef Niteh., Maad Ahmad. & Mukhamad Khafiz Abdul Basir. (2018). Faktor-faktor pengekang dalam perubahan sosial. e-Prosiding Persidangan Antarabangsa Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 287-306.
Suriana Che Awang. & Khadijah Alavi. (2019). Buli siber: Impak emosi dalam kalangan pelajar UKM. Journal of Undergraduate Research, 1(4), 83-94.
Suryanarayana, N. S., Himabindu, G. & Neelima, V. (2011). Cyber psychology. New Delhi, India: Sonali Publications.
Syafique Shuib. (2014). Kes buli siber meningkat, komuniti media sosial belum matang?.
Tiong, X. T., Abdullah, N. S. S., Bujang, M. A., Ratnasingam, S., Joon, C. K., Wee, H. L. & Yip Fong, A. Y. (2018). Validation of the Kessler’s psychological distress scale (K10 & K6) in Malaysian population. Asean Journal of Psychiatry, 19(1).
Umesh, B., Farzana, R., Bindal, P. & Aminath, N. N. (2018). Student and teachers perspective on cyber-bullying. Journal of Forensic Psychology, 3(1).
Unik Hanifah Salsabila. (2018). Teori ekologi Bronfenbrenner sebagai sebuah pendekatan dalam pengembangan kurikulum pendidikan agama Islam. Journal Al-Manar, 7(1).
Vaillancourt, T., Faris, R. & Mishna, F. (2017). Cyberbullying in children and youth: Implications for health and clinical practice. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 62(6), 368-373.
Vieno, A., Gini, G., Lenzi, M., Pozzoli, T., Canale, N. & Santinello, M. (2014). Cybervictimization and somatic and psychological symptoms among Italian middle school students. European Journal of Public Health, 25(3), 433-437
Wang, W., Xie, X., Wang, X., Lei, L., Hu, Q. & Jiang, S. (2019). Cyberbullying and depression among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model of social anxiety and neuroticism. Journal of affective disorders, 256, 54-61.
Wolke, D. & Lereya, S. T. (2015). Long-term effects of bullying. Archives of disease in childhood, 100(9), 879-885.
Woolfolk, A. & Margetts, K. (2013). Educational psychology. 3rd ed. Pearson Education.
Zalaquett, C. P. & Chatters, S. J. (2014). Cyberbullying in college: Frequency, characteristics,and practical implications. Sage Open, 4(1).
Zuhayati Yazid (2017). SKMM terima 38 kes aduan buli siber dalam tempoh 11 bulan tahun ini. Nasional- Utusan Online, 1-7.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |