UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :LB Theory and practice of education
Main Author :Suraya Bahrum
Title :Reka bentuk pembangunan modul PSV berasaskan STEM bagi sekolah rendah
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Seni, Komputeran dan Industri Kreatif
Year of Publication :2021
Notes :PAKK
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Objektif kajian ini untuk mengkaji penggabungjalinan Pendidikan STEM dan Pendidikan Seni Visual (PSV) melalui sebuah modul pembelajaran di sekolah rendah. Pengajaran dan pembelajaran PSV secara konvensional menggambarkan permasalahan guru yang kekurangan sumber rujukan dan pengetahuan serta tidak berkemahiran dalam menjalankan pendekatan gabung jalin terutamanya STEM yang menjadi keperluan sebagai sebuah negara maju. Kajian ini meneroka kefahaman dan pengetahuan guru terhadap gabung jalin STEM dengan isi kandungan PSV, di samping mengenal pasti potensi pendidikan STEM terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan pedagogi guru dan kemahiran STEM dalam kalangan murid. Kajian kualitatif ini melibatkan partisipan kajian yang terdiri daripada 3 orang guru dan 30 orang murid dari tiga buah sekolah rendah di bawah Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. Kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan modul diperoleh melalui Teknik Delphi dari lapan orang pakar dan modul telah dirintis selama seminggu. Analisis data dilakukan melalui penghuraian, pentafsiran dan rumusan data dilakukan dengan meneliti tema, sub tema dan soalan kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan Modul “steAm” mempunyai ciri-ciri kebolehgunaan yang bersifat praktikal iaitu mesra pengguna, informatif dan selari dengan pendidikan abad ke-21. Penggunaan Modul “steAm” ini membantu guru mengaplikasikan pendidikan STEM dengan berkesan dalam PSV disamping menunjukkan impak positif terhadap pengetahuan, kefahaman dan kesedaran dalam amalan pedagogi guru melaksanakan pendidikan STEM dalam pengajaran PSV. Hasil kajian juga mendapati murid dapat menguasai kemahiran STEM dan bekerjasama secara aktif dalam kumpulan. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelaksanaan pendekatan STEM secara modular telah dapat membantu guru menguasai pengetahuan asas tentang STEM. Kajian yang lebih komprehensif perlu dijalankan dari aspek pengintegrasian STEM dengan mata pelajaran lain mahupun menggunakan medium yang berbeza bagi melihat potensi guru terhadap penggabungajalinan Pendidikan STEM

References

Abdul Muhsien Sulaiman. (2014). Peranan guru Pendidikan Islam dalam

pembentukan akhlak murid dari aspek hubungan guru-murid berasaskan Abu

Talib Al-Makki (W.386h/996m) (Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan).

Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur.

 

Ahmad Sobri Shuib. (2010). Reka bentuk kurikulum pembelajaran sekolah menengah:

Teknik Delphi. Proceedings of Regional Conference on Knowledge

Integration in ICT. Dimuat turun pada 16 April 2016. Dari

http://kuis.edu.my/ictconf/proceedings/652_integration2010_proceedings.pdf

 

Amelia Adam & Lilia Halim. (2019). Cabaran Pengintegrasian Pendidikan STEM

Dalam Kurikulum Malaysia. Seminar Wacana Pendidikan. 2019 ( SWAPEN

2.0).

 

Adnan, M., Ayob, A., Tek, O. E., Ibrahim, M. N., Ishak, N., & Sheriff, J. (2017).

Memperkasa pembangunan modal insan Malaysia di peringkat kanakkanak:

Kajian kebolehlaksanaan dan kebolehintegrasian pendidikan STEM dalam

kurikulum PERMATA Negara. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and

Space, 12(1), 29-36.

 

Adnan Shukri, Nizam Che Ahmad, & Norhayati Daud. (2019). Pelaksanaan Modul

Celik STEM Bagi Memperkasakan Pemikiran Kreatif Murid Tingkatan Satu.

International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, (32), 219-

237.

 

Aini Aziziah Ramli, Nor Hasniza Ibrahim, Johari Bin Surif, Muhammad Abd Hadi

Bunyamin, Rahimah Jamaluddin & Nurdiana Abdullah. (2017). Teachers'

readiness in teaching stem education. Man in India, 97(13), 343-350.

 

Ayub, A. M. (2018, November). Kesedaran Terhad Mengenai Pendidikan STEM Di

Malaysia. Prosiding Seminar Kebangsaan Majlis Dekan Pendidikan

Universiti Awam 2018.

 

Andrews, D., & Cingano, F. (2014). Public Policy and Resource Allocation: Evidence

from Firms in OECD Countries. Economic Policy, 29(78), 255–296.

 

Arends, R.I., 1997, Classroom Instruction and Management, New York: Mc Graw-Hill

Book Company

 

Asbury, C. H., & Rich, B. (Eds.). (2008). Learning, arts, and the brain: The dana

consortium report on arts and cognition. Dana Press.

 

Atalay, B & Wamsley, K. (2009). Leonardo's Universe: The Renaissance World of

Leonardo DaVinci. Washington: National Geographic Society Publication

Ltd.

 

Ayob, A., Ishak, N., Ong, E.T., Ibrahim, M.N, Adnan, M., Sheriff, J. (2015). Laporan

Projek Penyelidikan STEM Untuk Permata Negara. Jabatan Perdana Menteri.

Kuala Lumpur: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Babbie, E. (2010). The practice of social research (10th ed.). Belmont, CA:

Wadsworth.

 

Bagiati, A., & Evangelou, D. (2015). Engineering curriculum in the

preschoolclassroom: The teacher’s experience. European Early Childhood

Education Research Journal, 23(1), 112–118.

doi:10.1080/1350293X.2014.991099

 

Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan. (2006). Project Based Learning Handbook. Kuala

Lumpur: Bahagian Teknologi Pendidikan

 

Baldwin, R. G. (2009). The Climate for Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in

STEM Fields. Dalam R. G., Baldwin, (Ed.) Improving the Climate for

Undergraduate Teaching and Learning in STEM Fields. (m.s. 9-18). San

Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

 

Banks, F., & Barlex, D. (2014). Teaching STEM in the secondary school: Helping

teachers meet the challenge. Abingdon: Routledge.

 

Beddoes, K. D., Jesiek, B. K. & Borrego, M. (2010). Identifying Opportunities for

Collaborations in International Engineering Education Research on

Problemand Project-Based Learning. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problembased

Learning, 4(2), Article 3.

 

Beghetto, R.A. (2013). Killing Ideas Softly: The Promise and Perils of Creativity in

The Classroom. New York: Information Age Publication Inc.

 

Bequette, J., & Bequette, M. (2012). A Place For Art and Design Education in The

STEM Conversation. Art Education, 23(5), 40-47.

 

Bequette, M., & Bequette, J. (2011). STEM plus arts make STEAM? Effective

integration of aestheticbased problem solving across topic areas. STEM

Colloquium. Minnesota.

 

Becker, K., & Park, K. (2011). Effects of integrative approaches among Science,

Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) subjects on students’

learning: A preliminary meta-analysis. Journal of STEM Education, 12(5&6):

23-37.

 

Blank, W. E., & Harwell, S (1997). Promising Practices for Connecting High School to

the Real World. Diperolehi dari pangkalan ERIC (ED407586).

 

Boeree, C. G. (2007). Jean Piaget. Di akses, 12 Oktober 2017 dari

http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/piaget.html

 

Bogdan, R. C., & Biklen, S. K. (1998). Qualitative Research for Education: An

Introduction Theory and Methods (ed. Ke-3). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.

 

Brown, A. S., & Tepper, S. J. (2012). Placing the arts at the heart of the creative

campus. New York, NY: Association of Performing Arts Presenters.

 

Bryan, L. A., Moore, T. J., Johnson, C. C., & Roehrig, G. H. (2016). Integrated STEM

education. In C. C. Johnson, E. E. Peters-Burton, & T. J. Moore (Eds). STEM

Map: A Framework for integrated STEM education (pp. 23-37). NY:

Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

 

Bunyamin, M. A. H. (2015). Pendidikan STEM Bersepadu: Perspektif Global,

Perkembangan Semasa di Malaysia, dan Langkah Kehadapan. Buletin

Persatuan Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Johor, 25, 1-6.

 

Bunyamin, M. A. H., & Finley, F. (2016, January). STEM education in Malaysia:

Reviewing the current physics curriculum. In International Conference of

Association for Science Teacher Education. Diperolehi dari

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/294722510_STEM_Education_in_

Malaysia_Reviewing_the_Current_Physics_Curriculum

 

Brodi, J. (2008). Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek: Satu Kajian Kes

Teaching School, IPTAR. Jurnal Penyelidikan Pendidikan IPTAR, 99-119.

 

Brunning, R.H., Schraw, G.J., & Ronning, R.R., 1995, Cognitive Psychology and

Instruction, Edisi 2, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

 

Bryman, A. (2008) Social research methods (3rd ed.). NY: Oxford University Press.

 

Bybee, R. W. (2011). Scientific and engineering practices in K-12 classrooms:

Understanding a framework for K-12 science education. Science Teacher, 78,

34–40

 

Cavide, D. (2010). The Project-Based Learning Approach in a Science Lesson: A

Sample Project Study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 5, 66-79.

 

Ceylan, S., & Ozdilek, Z. (2015). Improving a Sample Lesson Plan for Secondary

Science Courses within the STEM Education. Procedia - Social and

Behavioral Sciences, 177(July 2014), 223–228.

doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.395.

 

Cho, J., & Trent, A. (2006). Validity in qualitative research revisited. Qualitative

Research, 6(3), 319–340.

 

Chua, Y. P. (2011). Kaedah Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw Hill.

 

Chute, E. (2009). STEM education is branching out: Focus shifts from making science,

math accessible to more than just brightest. Pittsburg Post-Gazette. Diakses

pada 14 Mei 2016, dari http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/09041/947944-

298.stm

 

Chang, Y., & Park, S. W. (2014). Exploring Students' Perspectives of College STEM:

An Analysis of Course Rating Websites. International Journal of Teaching

and Learning in Higher Education, 26(1), 90-101.

 

Chia, C. H., & Sandford, B. A. (2007). The Delphi technique: making sense of

consensus. Practical Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 12(1), 10-25.

 

Chin, C. (2007). Teacher Questioning in Science Classrooms: Approaches that

Stimulate Productive Thinking. Journal of Research In Science Teaching,

44(6), 815–843.

 

ChanLin, L. J. (2008). Technology integration applied to project-based learning in

science. Innovations in education and teaching international, 45(1), 55-65.

 

Corlu, M. S., Capraro, & Capraro, M. M. (2014). Introducing STEM education:

Implications for educating our teachers for the age of innovation. Egitim ve

Bilim, 39(171), 74–85.

 

Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research Methods in Education (4th ed.). London:

Routledge.

 

Connaway, L. S. (2011). Seeking Synchronicity: Revelations and Recommendations

for Virtual Reference. Dublin, OH: OCLC Research.

 

Confrey, J., 1995, A Theory of Intelectual Development, For the Learning of

Mathematics, Vol. 15, Pages 38–48.

 

Creswell, J. W. (1994). Research design: Qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design: Qualitative, Qualtitative and Mixed Method

Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publication.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods

approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five

approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods

approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Crawford, J. & Irving, C. (2009). Information literacy in the workplace: A qualitative

exploratory study. Journal of Librarianship and Information Science, 41(1),

29-38.

 

Dalkey, N. C. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi Method to the use of

experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458 - 468.

 

David, A. S., & Thomas, P. (2013) From STEM to STEAM : Using brain- Compatible

strategies to intergrate the arts. United Kingdom: SAGE Publications Ltd.

 

Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (Eds.) (2008). The landscape of qualitative research.

London: Sage

 

Dick, W., & Carey, L. (1990) The systematic design of instruction (4th ed.). New York:

Collins.

 

Dick, W., Carey, L., & Carey, J. O. (2001). The systematic design of instruction (5th

ed.). New York: Longman.

 

Dickinson, K. P., Soukamneuth, S., Yu, H. C., Kimball, M., D'Amico, R., Perry, R., &

Curan, S. P. (1998). Providing Educational Services in the Summer Youth

Employment and Training Program. Technical Assistance Guide. Diakses dari

pangkalan data ERIC (ED420756).

 

Disman (2011). Nota Kuliah Pendekatan Transdisciplinary Sebagai Suatu Alternatif

Di Dalam Memecah Masalah Pendidikan Makalah. Bandung: Universitas

Pendidikan Indonesia.

 

Erdogan, I., & Ciftci, A. (2017). Investigating the Views of Pre-service Science

Teachers on STEM Education Practices. International Journal of

Environmental & Science Education, 12(5), 1055-1065.

 

Eisner, E. W. & K. Powell. (2002). Art in Science. Curriculum Inquiry, 32(2), 131-160.

 

Esah Sulaiman. (2003). Amalan Profesionalisme Perguruan. Johor: Penerbitan UTM.

 

Fan, Szu-Chun Chaniel, & Ritz., J. M. (2014, March). International Views on STEM

Education. In M. J. de Vries (Ed.), Proceedings PATT-28 Conference (pp. 7-

14), Orlando, Florida, USA.

 

Frankeal, J. R., & Wallen, N. E. (2008). How to design and evaluate research in

Education. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education

 

Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H. &

Wenderoth, M., P. (2014). Active Learning Increases Student Performance In

Science, Engineering And Mathematics. PNAS, 111(23), 8410-8415.

Diperolehi dari Http://Stem.Umt.Edu.My/Wp-Content/Uploads/Sites/90/

2016/07/Resolusi-KKPSTEM.pdf

 

Fullan, M. G., (2016). The New Meaning Of Educational Change (5th wd.). New York:

Teacher College Press.

 

Frog, VLE. (2015). Panduan dan Ciri-Ciri Baru. Diakses pada 18 Ogos 2016.

http://www.frogasia.com

 

Gambari, I. A. & Yusuf, O. M. (2017). Relative effectiveness of computer-supported

Jigsaw II, STAD and TAI cooperative learning strategies on performance,

attitude and retention of secondary school students in Physics. Journal of Peer

Learning, 10, 76-94.

 

Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice. New York: Basic

Books.

 

Gardner, H. (2007). Five Minds For The Future. New York : Harvard Business School

Press.

 

Gardner, M. (2017). Understanding Integrated STEM Science Instruction through

Experiences of Teachers and Students. Diperolehi dari pangkalan data ERIC

(ED578410).

 

Grant, M. (2009, April). Understanding Projects in Project-Based Learning: A

Student's Perspective. Pembentangan Kertas Kerja di Annual Meetings of the

American Educational Research Association. San Diego, CA.

 

Gregory, J. S., Hartman, F. T, & Krahn, J. (2007). The Delphi method for graduate

research. Journal of Information Technology Education: Research, 6(1), 1-21.

 

Habibah Elias. (1991). Kesan latihan motivasi pencapaian ke atas pelajar university

(Tesis Doktor Falsafah yang tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, Bangi.

 

Habibah @ Artini Ramlie, Zaharah Hussina, Saedah Siraj, Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil,

Ahmad Arifin Sapar & Abdul Muqsith Ahmada. (2017). Aplikasi Teknik

Kumpulan Nominal (Nominal Group Technique -Ngt) Dalam Penyelidikan

Pendidikan Islam. AL-ABQARI: Journal of Islamic Social Sciences and

Humanities, 11(10), 125-138.

 

Hammersley, M. (2007). Assessing validity in social research. In P. Alasuutari (Ed.)

Handbook of Social Research (4th ed.). London: Sage.

 

Hafizah & Zanaton. (2018). Tahap Pengetahuan, Kemahiran Dan Sikap Pelajar Dalam

Pendidikan Sains, Teknologi, Kejuruteraan Dan Matematik (STEM).

Graduate Research In Education Seminar (Greduc) 2018. Fakulti Pendidikan,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Halil Turgut. (2008). Prospective Science Teachers' Conceptualizations about Project

Based Learning. International Journal of Instruction, 1(1), 61-79.

 

Hanover Research. (2011). K-12 STEM Education Overview. Washington, DC:

Learning Resource Center, Massachusetts Department of Higher Education.

 

Hyunjoon Park, J. R. B., & Jaesung Choi. (2018). Do single-sex schools enhance

students’ STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)

outcomes? Economics of Education, 62, 35–47.

doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2017.10.007

 

Hairul Nizam Ismail & Baharuddin Abdul Rahman. (2012). Pembelajaran Berasaskan

Projek (Siri 1/No.8). Unit Penyelidikan Pendidikan Asas, Pusat Pengajian

Ilmu Pendidikan Universiti Sains Malaysia

 

Han, S., Yalvac, B., Capraro, M. M., & Capraro, R. M. (2015). In-service Teachers'

Implementation and Understanding of STEM Project Based Learning. Eurasia

Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education, 11(1), 63-76

 

Harriman, S. (2007). It's Like Learning in 3D" Online Project-Based Learning in New

South Wales Schools. (Tesis PhD. Tidak Diterbitkan). University of

Technology, Sidney.

 

Hasfarina, A. (2012). Tahap, Amalan Dan Masalah Pengurusan Bilik Darjah Guru-

Guru Sekolah Menengah Daerah Segamat (Doctoral dissertation). Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia.

 

Henriksen, D. (2011). We teach who we are: Creativity and trans-disciplinary thinking

in the practices of accomplished teachers. (Doctoral Dissertation). Diperolehi

dari pangkalan ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (3489807).

 

Henriksen, D. (2014). Full STEAM ahead: Creativity in excellent STEM teaching

practices. The STEAM Journal, 1(2), 15-25.

 

Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Russel, J. D. (1982). Instructional media and the new

Technologies of instruction (3rd ed). New York: Macmillan.

 

Heinich, R., Molenda, M., & Smaldino, S. E. (1996). Instructional media and

technologies for learning. Englewood Cliff, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

 

Holdren, J. (2013). Federal Science Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM)

Education 5-Year Strategic Plan: A Report from the Committee on STEM

National Science and Technology Council. Washington, DC: Executive Office

of the President National Science and Technology Council

 

Hong, M., & Kang, N. H. (2009). South Korean and the US Secondary School Science

Teachers’ Conceptions of Creativity and Teaching for Creativiti. International

Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 8(1), 821-843.

 

Howitt, D. (2010). Introduction to qualitative methods in psychology. Halow: Pearson

Limited.

 

Hussin, M., & Marosa, A. H. (2019). Pembinaan Modul Pembelajaran ‘Adad Dan

Ma‘Dud Berpandukan Ayat Al-Quran. UNIMAS Journal Issues in Language

Studies, 8(1).

 

Iberahim Hassan. (2000). Matlamat dan objektif pendidikan seni (visual) untuk

sekolah menengah: Perlu kajian semula. Prosiding Konvensyen Kebangsaan

Pendidikan Seni Visual 2000, Balai Seni Lukis Negara, Kuala Lumpur.

 

Jayarajah, K., Saat, R. M., & Rauf, R. A. A. (2014). A review of science, technology,

engineering & mathematics (STEM) education research from 1999-2013: A

Malaysian perspective. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science &

Technology Education, 10(3), 155–163.

 

Jeffers, C. S. (2009). On empathy: The mirror neuron system and art education.

International Journal of Education & the Arts, 10(15). Diakses pada 12 Jun

2017 dari http://www.ijea.org/v10n15/.

 

Johnson, C. C., & Sondergeld, T. A. (2016). Effective STEM professional

development. In C. C. Johnson, E. E. Peters-Burton, & T. J. Moore (Eds.),

STEM road map: A framework for integrated STEM education (pp. 203-210).

NY: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.

 

Johnson, E. E. Peters-Burton, & T. J. Moore (Eds.) (2016). STEM road map: A

framework for integrated STEM education (pp. 13-22). NY: Routledge Taylor

& Francis Group.

 

Kaldi, S., Filippatou, D., & Govaris, C. (2011). Project-based Learning in Primary

Schools: Effects on Pupils' Learning and Studies. Education, 39(1), 35-47.

 

Kamisah Buang. (2013). Perkembangan literasi tinjauan prestasi kanak-kanak dan

perspektif kajian. Selangor: Nightingle Printing Sdn . Bhd.

 

Kamaruzaman Jusoff & Khairul Azhar Mat Daud. (2010). Motivating Students Using

Project Based Learning (PjBL) via e-SOLMS Technology. World Applied

Science Journal, 8(9), 1086-1092.

 

Kamarul Azmi Jasmi. (2010). Guru Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam sekolah menengah

di Malaysia: Satu Kajian Kes (Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan).

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.

 

Kassaee, A. M., & Rowell, G. H. (2016). Motivationally-Informed Interventions For

At-Risk STEM Students. Journal Of STEM Education: Innovations And

Research, 17(3), 77-83.

 

Katz, L. G. (2003) Building a good Foundation For Children. In J. H. Helm, & S.

Beneke (Eds.), The Power of Project: Meeting Contemporary Challenges in

Early Childhood Classroom-Strategies & Solutions. New York: College Press.

 

Katz, L. G. (2010, May). STEM in the early years. Paper presented at the STEM in

Early Education and Development Conference, Cedar Falls, IA. Di akses pada

21 September, 2016, from http://ecrp.uiuc.edu/beyond/seed/katz.html

 

Kasza, P.,Slater,T.F. (2017). A Survey Of Best Practices And Key Learning Objectives

For Successful Secondary School STEM Academy Settings. Contemporary

Issues in Education Research – First Quarter 2017 Volume 10, Number 1

 

Kelley,T. R, & Knowles, J.G. (2016). A conceptual framework for intergrated STEM

Education. International Journal of STEM Education, 1-11

doi:10.1186/s40594-016-0046-z

 

Kristin Lesseig, D. S., & N, T. H. (2017). Jumping on the STEM bandwagon: How

middle grades students and teachers can benefit from STEM experiences.

Middle School Journal, 48(3), 15–24. doi:10.1080/00940771.2017.1297663

 

Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2000). Focus Groups. A Practical Guide for Applied

Research (3rd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications,

 

Karpudewan, M., Ponniah, J., & Zain, A. N. M. (2016). Project-Based Learning: An

Approach to Promote Energy Literacy Among Secondary School Students.

The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 25(2), 229-237.

 

Koehler, C., Binns, I. C., & Bloom, M. A. (2016). The emergence of STEM. In C. C.

Johnson, E. E. Peters-Burton, & T. J. Moore (Eds.), STEM road map: A

framework for integrated STEM education (pp. 13-22). NY: Routledge Taylor

& Francis Group.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia

2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2015). Annual Report 2015 Malaysia Education

Blueprint 2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia

2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2013). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan

Pentaksiran Pendidikan Seni Visual Tahun Empat (KSSR).Kuala Lumpur:

Bahagian Pembanguan Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2016). Panduan Pelaksanaan Sains, Teknologi,

Kejuruteraan dan Matematik (STEM) dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran.

Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Kementerian Pendidikan

Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2020). Laporan Kebangsaan TIMSS 2019 - Trends

in International Mathematics and Science Study. Kuala Lumpur: Bahagian

Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan, Kementerian Pendidikan

Malaysia.

 

Khusnidar, D. M. (2019). Cabaran guru prasekolah dalam menerapkan Pendidikan

Stem. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Malaysia, 9(2), 25-34.

 

Korbel, P. (2016). Measuring STEM in vocational education and training. Diperolehi

dari pangkalan data ERIC (ED570653).

 

Kristin, L., Slavit, D., & Nelson, T. H. (2017). Jumping on the STEM bandwagon: How

middle grades students and teachers can benefit from STEM

experiences. Middle School Journal, 48(3), 15-24.

 

Kim, S., Kim, H. K., Park, J. H, Jin, E. N., Ahn, Y. K., Seo, J. H., & Lee, M. J. (2012).

Findings from trends in international mathematics and science study for

Korea: TIMSS 2007 international report in Korea. Seoul, South Korea: Korea

Institute of Curriculum & Evaluation.

 

Kuenzi, J. J. (2008). Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)

Education: Background, Federal Policy, and Legislative Action. Lincoln:

University Of Nebraska

 

Kurt, S. (2015). Dick and Carey Instructional Model, in Educational Technology,

Diakses pada 3 Jun 2016 dari https://educationaltechnology.net/dick-andcarey-

instructional-model/

 

Kvale, S. (1996). Interviews: An Introduction to Qualitative Research Interviewing.

Thousand Oaks, CA.: Sage Publications,

 

Lilia Halim. (2012). Menerus Semula Minat Terhadap Sains dan Matematik Melalui

Pendidikan STEM. Kolokium Pendidikan Sains & Matematik, 2012.

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Lopez, A. M., & Lacueva, A. (2008). Projects in a Sixth-grade Classroom: Entering a

Bumpy But Promising Road. Educational Action Research, 16(2), 163-185.

 

Lou, S. J., Shih, R. C., Diez, C. R., & Tseng, K. H. (2010). The impact of problembased

learning strategies on STEM knowledge integration and attitudes: an

exploratory study among female Taiwanese senior high school

students. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 21(2),

195-215.

 

Lowenfeld, V. (1974). Described Specific Stages of Growth and Development of

Children Based on The Marks They Made. (Online), Diperolehi dari

http://www.manuals- search-pdf.com/all/victor-lowenfeld.html

 

Lichtenberg, J., Woock, C., & Wright, M. (2008). Ready to innovate: Are educators

and executives aligned on the creative readiness of the US workforce?. New

York: Conference Board.

 

Maeda, J. (2013). Stem+ art= steam. The STEAM Journal, 1(1), 34.

 

Magliaro, S. G., & Shambaugh, N. (2006). Student models of instructional design.

Educational Technology Research and Development, 54(1), 83–106.

http://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-006-6498-y

 

Mohd Majid Konting. (1998). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan (ed. Ke-4). Kuala

Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.

 

Mat Desa Mat Rodzi (2002), Pengajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual Sekolah Menengah:

Kecenderungan dan Kerelevanan untuk Memenuhi Hasrat Falsafah

Pendidikan Kebangsaan. Wacana Seni (Journal of Arts Discourse), 1, 89-107.

 

Marohaini Yusoff. (2001). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengalaman kerja lapangan kajian.

Kuala Lumpur. Universiti Malaya.

 

Marshall, C., & Rossman, G. B. (2006). Designing Qualitative Research (4th ed.).

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Maryland STEM Task Force. (2009). Investing in STEM to Secure Maryland’s Future.

Final Report of the Governor’s STEM Task Force Presented to Governor

Martin O’Malley, August.

 

Maxwell, J. A. (1996). Qualitative Research Design: An Intractive Approach. London:

Applied Social Research Methods Series.

 

Mayer, R. G. (1998). Modules from design to implementation. Philippines: The

Colombo Plan Staff College.

 

Mazlini Adnan, Aminah Ayob, Ong, E. T., Mohd Nasir Ibrahim, Noriah Ishak, &

Jameyah Sheriff. (2016). Memperkasa pembangunan modal insan Malaysia di

peringkat kanakkanak: Kajian kebolehlaksanaan dan kebolehintegrasian

pendidikan STEM dalam kurikulum PERMATA Negara. Geografia Online,

Malaysian Journal of Society & Space, 12(1), 29-36.

 

Meghan, R. M. (2014). K-12 Students see STEAM everyday. The STEAM

Journal, 1(2), 33.

 

Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education

(2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

 

Merriam, S. B. (2001). Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education.

San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Publishers.

 

Merrill, M. D. (2002). First principles of instructions, Educational Technology

Research and Development, 50(3), 43-59.

 

McClure, E. R., Guernsey, L., Clements, D. H., Bales, S. N., Nichols, J., Kendall-

Taylor, N., & Levine, M. H. (2017). STEM starts early: Grounding science,

technology, engineering, and math education in early childhood. New York:

The Joan Ganz Cooney Center at Sesame Workshop.

 

Mc Donald, C. V. (2016). STEM Education: A review of the contribution of the

disciplines of science, technology, engineering and mathematics. Science

Education International, 27(4), 530-569.

 

McDougall, P. (2012). U.S. Tech Worker Shortage Looms, Study Warns.

Informationweek, (1335), 8.

 

McGrath, M. B., & Brown, J. R. (2005). Visual learning for science and engineering,

Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE, 25(5), 56-63.

 

Mc Griff, S. (2001). Instructional Systems Design Models. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania

State University, Graduate School of Education, Center for Field Studies.

 

Mc Donough, J., & S. McDonough. (1997). Research methods for English language

teachers. London: Edward Arnold.

 

Mohd Aizat Abu Hasan, (2018). Tinjauan masalah Guru Dalam Pengajaran dan

Pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual (Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan).

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.18681.93280

 

Md Nasir Ibrahim dan Iberahim Hassan (2003). Pendidikan Seni Untuk Maktab &

Universiti. Pahang: PTS Publication &Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

 

Md. Nor, S. (2000). Keberkesanan Sekolah Satu Perspektif Sosiologi. Selangor:

Universiti Putra Malaysia

 

Merriem, S. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. San

Francisco (USA): Jossey-Bass.

 

Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analiysis (2nd ed.).

Thousand Oks: Sage.

 

Miller,N.E., &Dollard, J.(1941). Social Learning and Imitation. New Haven, CT: Yale

University Press.

 

Mishra, P., Henriksen, D., & The Deep-Play Research Group (2012). On being (in)

disciplined. Tech Trends, 56(6), 18-21.

 

Mioduser, D., & Betzer, N. (2008). The Contribution of Project Based Learning to High

achieve’s Acquisstion of Technological Knowledge and Skills. International

Jurnal of technology and Design Education, 18(1).

 

Mohd Noramdzan Mohd Yusof, Aede Hatib Musta’amal, Audu, R., & Nor Salwa

Ismail. (2015). Implementation Of Project-Based Learning (PjBL) At A

Malaysian Polytechnic - A Preliminary Study. Proceedings of INTCESS15- 2

nd International Conference on Education and Social Sciences, hlm. 548-554.

 

Mohd Nor Ikhsan & Wahid Razzaly. (2009). Kajian Teknik Delphi dalam

Pembangunan e-Staf Politeknik Malaysia (Tesis yang tidak diterbitkan).

Jabatan Pendidikan Teknik dan Vokasional Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan

Kolej Universiti Teknologi Tun Hussein. Batu Pahat.

 

Mispuah Hassan. (2015). Keberkesanan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Projek Terhadap

Pencapaian Pelajar dan Kemahiran Abad Ke-21 Dalam Pembelajaran

Biologi (Tesis Sarjana). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

National Academy of Science (NAS). (2007). Committee of Science, Engineering, and

Public Policy Rising above the gathering storm: Energizing and employing

America for a brighter economic future. Washington, DC: National

Academies Press.

 

National Research Council (NRC). (2012). A framework for K-12 science education:

Practices, crosscutting concepts, and core ideas. Washington, DC: The

National Academies Press

 

National Research Council (NRC). (2013). Monitoring progress toward successful K-

12 STEM Education: A nation advancing. Washington, DC: The National

Academies Press.

 

Nation, M. L. (2008). Project Based Learning for Sustainable Development. Journal

of Geography, 107(3), 102-111.

 

Nasir, M., & Yunus, H. M. (2017). Peranan Guru Tingkatan Enam Dalam Membentuk

Pelajar Terarah Kendiri Dan Meningkatkan Kemahiran Abad Ke-21. JuKu:

Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 5(1), 1-6

 

Neuman, W. L. (2010). Social research methods: Qualitative and quantitative

approaches (6th ed.). Boston: Allyn and Bacon

 

Nichola Harmer & Alison Stokes (2014). The Benefits and Challenges of Project-Based

Learning A Review of The Literature. Plymouth: Pedagogic Research Institute

and Observatory (PedRIO).

 

Nor Aishah Buang. (2006, Ogos). Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran. Nota Bengkel

Pembangunan Modul. Anjuran Persatuan Siswazah Fakulti Pendidikan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Bangi.

 

Noraini Idris (2013). Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill.

 

Norlidah Alias (2010) Pembangunan Modul Pedagogi Berasaskan Teknologi Dan

Gaya Pembelajaran Felder-Silverman Kurikulum Fizik Sekolah Menengah

(Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah) Universiti Malaya.

 

Norazah Mohd Nordin. (2010). Reka bentuk instruksi. Dalam Mohamed Amin Embi

(pynt). Panduan amalan pengajaran dan pembelajaran berkesan. (Hlmn 133-

150). Pusat Pembangunan Akademik.

 

Noor Miza Abd Rahman. (2015). Pembinaan Modul Berasaskan Pendekatan Projek

Untuk Meningkatkan Kemahiran Berkomunikasi Murid Tadika (Thesis Ph.D).

Universiti Sains Malaysia.

 

Nurul Wahida Azid (2011). Pembinaan dan pengujian modul aktiviti penggayaan

berdasarkan kepelbagaian kecerdasan dan kemahiran berfikir dalam

kalangan pelajar Maktab Rendah Sains Mara (Tesis Ph.D). Universiti Sains

Malaysia.

 

Ormrod, J.E., 1995, Human Learning, Edisi 2, Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: PrenticeHall.

 

Ong Eng Tek, Aminah Ayob, Md Nasir Ibrahim, Mazlini Adnan, Jameyah Shariff, &

Noriah Ishak. (2016). The Effectiveness of an In-Service Training of Early

Childhood Teachers on STEM Integration through Project-Based Inquiry

Learning (PIL). Journal of Turkish Science Education, 13(Special Issue), 44-

58.

 

Othman Lebar (2014). Penyelidikan Kualitatif Pengenalan Kepada Teori dan Metode.

Tanjong Malim: Penerbitan Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Othman, Mohd. (2017). Pelaksanaan Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Mengintergrasikan

Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi (KBAT) Berdasarkan Model Dick And Carey

Di Negeri Perak. International Academic Research Journal, 3(2).

 

Patton, M. Q. (1990). Qualitative evaluation and research methods (2nd ed.). CA: Sage

Publications, Inc.

 

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). CA: Sage

Publications, Inc.

 

Papanikolaou, K., & Boubouka, M. (2010). Promoting Collaboration in a Project-Based

E-Learning Context. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(2),

135-155.

 

Pearson, G., & Pearson, G. (2017). National Academies Piece On Integrated STEM

National Academies Piece On Integrated STEM. The Journal of Educational

Research, 110(3), 224–226. Diperolehi dari

https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2017.1289781.

 

Phang, F. A., Abu, M. S., Ali, M. B. & Salleh, S. (2012). Faktor Penyumbang Kepada

Kemerosotan Penyertaan Pelajar Dalam Aliran Sains: Satu Analisis Sorotan

(Tesis PhD.). Universiti Teknologi Mara dan Universiti Sains Malaysia.

 

Powell, C. (2002). The Delphi technique myth and realities. Journal of Advanced

Nursing, 41(4), 376-382.

 

Punch, K. F. (2009). Introduction to research methods in education. London: Sage

 

Priftis, A. & Oppenheim, C. (1999). Development of a national information policy in

Greece. Information Development, 15(1), 32–43.

 

Pershing, J. A. (2006). Human performance technology fundamentals. In J.A. Pershing

(Ed.), Handbook of human performance technology (3rd ed., pp. 5-26). San

Francisco: Pfeiffer.

 

Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (2001). Konsep Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi.

Putrajaya: Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia

Pusat Perkembangan Kurikulum (2013). Program Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi:

Peta Pemikiran. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia

 

Rabina, D. L. (2001). Examination of and recommendations for a national information

policy for Israel: The use of models for the Democratic understanding of

policy processes information (Ph.D. thesis). The State University of New

Jersey.

 

Rahayu, T., Syafril, S., Osman, K., Halim, L., Sharifah Zarina Syed Zakaria, Cik Tuan

Mastura Tuan Soh, & Nova Erlina Yaumas. (2018). Kualiti Guru, Isu Dan

Cabaran Dalam Pembelajaran STEM. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan FisikaAl-

BiRuNi, 06(2), 247-254. doi:10.24042/jipfalbiruni.v6i2.1933

 

Reilly Michaud, M. (2014). K-12 Students see STEAM everyday. The STEAM

Journal, 1(2), 33.

 

Richey, R. C. (1997). Research on instructional development. Educational Technology

Research and Development, 45(3), 91-100.

 

Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. D. (2007). Design and development research: method,

strategies, and issues. London: Erlbaum.

 

Roehrig, G. H., Moore J., T., Wang, H.-H., & Park, M. S. (2012). Is adding the E

enough? Investigating the impact of K-12 engineering standards on the

implementation of STEM integration. School Science and Mathematics,

112(1), 31– 44.

 

Radloff, J. (2017). Investigating Changes in Preservice Teachers’ Conceptions of

STEM Education Following Video Analysis and Reflection. School Science

and Mathematics, 117(3-4), 158–167.

 

Robson, C. (2011). Real world research: A resource for social-scientists and

practitioner- researchers (3rd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.

 

Romano, A. R. (2010). Malleable Delphi: Delphi research technique, its evolution, and

business applications. International Review of Business Research

Papers, 6(5), 235-243.

 

Rose Amnah, A. R. (2016, May). Stem Pedagogical Approach For Primary Science

Teachers Through Early Engineering Training Program. In International

Conference of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology, Bodrum,

Turkey .

 

Rosidah Hamid. (2014). Pembangunan dan penilaian telmova untuk pendidikan seni

visual tingkatan empat (Tesis Ph.D). Universiti Malaya.

 

Roslina Mohd Nor, Nik Mohd Nor Nik Yisoff & Hamdzum Haron, (2019).

Pengetahuan Pedagogi Ilmu Kandungan dalam Kalangan Guru Seni Visual

Sekolah Menengah di Hulu Langat. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 44(1) Isu

Khas (2019): 137-150

 

Roessingh, H., & Chambers, W. (2011). Project-Based Learning and Pedagogy in

Teacher Preparation: Staking Out the Theoretical Mid-Ground. International

Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 23(1), 60-71.

 

Reps Bonamici & Schock Announce Bipartisan Congressional STEAM Caucus ( 14,

Ogos 2016). Diakses dari. http://bonamici.house.gov/press-release/repsbonamiciand-

schock-announcebipartisan congressional-steam-caucus

 

Saedah Siraj. (2008). Future Curriculum. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya.

 

Saedah Siraj & Mohd Paris. (2005). Jangkaan masa depan terhadap aplikasi teknologi

Dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran peringkat sekolah menengah:

Pandangan Pakar. Kuala Lumpur: Fakulti Pendidikan Universiti Malaya.

 

Sanders, M. E., Lee, H., & Kwon, H. (2011). Integrative stem education: Contemporary

trends and Issues. Korean Journal of Secondary Education Research, 59(3),

729-762.

 

Sanders, M. (2009). STEM, STEM Education, STEMania. The Technology Teacher:

Contemporary Trends and Issues. The Secondary Education Research, 59(3),

729-762.

 

Sanders, D. P. (1981). Educational Inquiry as Developmental Research. Ohio: Ohio

State University.

 

Salkind, N. J. (2010). Encyclopedia of Research Design (Vol. 3). CA: Sage

Publications, Inc.

 

Salmi Abdullah & Noor Shuhada Ahmad. (2017) Keberkesanan Aplikasi You Tube

Dalam Pengajaran dan pembelajaran Sains Kejuruteraan di Politeknik

Seberang Perai. E-Proceding National Innovation and Invention Competition

Through Exhibition.

 

Shahril Othman. (2013). Keberkesanan modul pengurusan tekanan (MPT) bagi

mengurus tekanan kerja dalam kalangan guru. Sciences and Humanities,

11(Oct), 125-138.

 

Shahali, H., Jaggessar, A., & Yarlagadda, P. K. D. V. (2017). Recent Advances in

Manufacturing and Surface Modification of Titanium Orthopaedic

Applications. In Procedia Engineering, 174, 1067–1076.

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.259

 

Shaharom Noordin. (1995). Penghasilan dan penilaian keberkesanan modul

pemgajaran Kendiri Fizik di kalangan dan jantina pada peringkat tingkatan

empat (Tesis Doktor Falsafah. Tidak diterbitkan). Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia.

 

Shahriza Shahari. (2020). Kerangka Pengajaran STEM-Dialogik (STEM-Di) Untuk

Pensyarah Fizik Matrikulasi Bagi Konsep Kerja dan Tenaga. Malaysian

Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), Volume 5, Issue 7, 51 –

58. doi: https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i7.446

 

Shin, Y., & Han, S. (2011). A study of the elementary school teachers` perception in

STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics) education.

Journal of Korea Society of Elementary Science Education, 30(4), 514-523.

 

Shukri, A. A. M., Che Ahmad, C. N., & Daud, N. (2019). Pelaksanaan Modul Celik

Stem Bagi Memperkasakan Pemikiran Kreatif Murid Tingkatan Satu.

International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(32), 219-

237.

 

Slavin, R.E., 2000, Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice, Edisi 6, Boston:

Allyn and Bacon.

 

Smaldino, S. E., Lowther, D. L. & Russel, J.D. (2012). Instructional technology and

media for learning. Boston: Pearson Prentice Hall.

 

Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2004). Instructional design (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John

Wiley & Sons, Inc.

 

Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T. J. (2001). Conditions-based models for designing

instruction. The handbook for educational communications and technology,

623-644.

 

Soffie Balqis (2013). Keperluan Penguasaan Kemahiran Pendidikan Seni Visual

Sekolah Menengah Untuk Guru-Guru Seni Di Sarawak (Tesis Sarjana

Sastera). Universiti Malaysia Serawak.

 

Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage.

 

Stake, R. E. (2006). Multiple case study analysis. New York, NY: Guilford.

 

Syafril, S., Rahayu, T., Kamisah, O., Lilia, H., & Erlina, N. (2018). Kualiti Guru, Isu

Dan Cabaran Dalam Pembelajaran STEM. doi:10.31219/osf.io/jqcu6.

 

Syafiq Borhannuddin. (2017). On Nature of Man, Work, and Happiness. The Star

Newspaper.

 

S. Hamid Hasan (2007). Transdisciplinarity dalam Pendidikan dengan Referensi

Khusus pada Kurikulum. Makalah yang disajikan dalam Seminar tentang

Transdisciplinarity, di Univeristas Negeri Jakarta.

 

Shneiderman, B. (2003). Leonardo’s laptop: Human needs and the new computing

technologies. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.

 

Siew, N. M., Amir, N., & Chong, C. L. (2014). The perceptions of pre-service and inservice

teachers regarding a project-based STEM approach to teaching

science. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 8.

 

Sufean Hussin (1994). National priorities and higher education in The United State:

An historical analysis 1945-1990 (Disertasi Ph.D yang tidak diterbitkan).

University of Oregon, Oregon.

 

Suraya Bahrum & Nasir Ibrahim. (2018). Kebolehgunaan Modul “steAm” dalam

Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Pendidikan Seni Visual Sekolah Rendah.

KUPAS SENI Jurnal Seni dan Pendidikan Seni, 6, 65-79.

 

Suraya Bahrum, Norsalawati Wahid, & Nasir Ibrahim. (2017). Integration of STEM

education in Malaysia and why to STEAM. International Journal of Academic

Research in Business & Social Science, 7(6), 645-654.

 

Suraya Bahrum, Norsalawati Wahid, & Nasir Ibrahim. (2017). STEM Integration

Module In Teaching And Learning with Visual Arts Education: A Needs Of

Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social

Science, 7(2),582-590.

 

Tal, T., Krajcik, S. & Blumenfeld, P. C. (2006). Urban Schools' Teachers Enacting

Project-Based Science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 43(7), 722-

745.

 

Taylor, P. G. (2002). Changing expectations: Preparing students for flexible learning.

The International Journal for Academic Development, 5(2), 107–115.

 

Taylor, L., 1993, “Vygotskian influences in mathematics education, with particular

reference to attitude development”, Focus on Learning Problems in

Mathematics, Vol. 15, Pages 3–17.

 

Tengku Nor Akmaliana, Norshahila & Siti Faezah. (2010). Pendekatan Gabung Jalin

dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran. Kolokium DPLI UKM

 

Tharp, R.G. & Gallimore, R., 1988, Rousing minds to life: Teaching, learning, and

schooling in social context, New York: Cambridge University Press.

 

Thibaut L. et al. (2018). Integrated STEM Education: A Systematic Review of

Instructional Practices in Secondary Education. European Jourrnal of STEM

Education, 3(1), 02. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/85525

 

Thomson, J. (2003). The next generation of corporate learning. Training &

Development, 57(6), 47.

 

Torres-Crespo, M. N., Kraatz, E., & Pallansch, L. (2014). From Fearing STEM to

Playing with It: The Natural Integration of STEM into the Preschool

Classroom. SRATE Journal, 23(2), 8-16

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1962). Thought and language. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. (Original

work published 1934)

 

Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: the Development of Higher Psychological

Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

 

Veerasamy Naidoo. (2010). Project Based Learning (PBL): An Innovative Vehicle for

the Assessment of Student Learning in the Science Classroom (Tesis

PhD.Tidak Diterbitkan). Curtin University of Technology, Australia.

 

Vennix, J., Brok, P. D., & Taconis, R. (2016). Perceptions Of STEM-Based Outreach

Learning Activities In Secondary Education. Learning Environment Res, 20,

21-46. doi:10.1007/s10984-016-9217-6

 

Wan Afizi Wan Hanafi, Shaharuddin Ahmad, Noraziah Ali (2014) Faktor budaya dan

persekitaran dalam prestasi pendidikan anak Orang Asli Malaysia: Kajian kes

di Kelantan. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 10(5),107–

122.

 

Wan Roslini Mat Rasik & Mohd Sani Hj. Ismail. (2019). Model Pembinaan Modul

Sidek Di Dalam Modul Intervensi Pengurusan Stres Pelajar. International

Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4(26), 66-76.

 

White, H. (n.d.). Our education system is not so much “broken” - as it is totally

outdated! In STEAM. Diakses pada 14 October, 2016, dari http://steamnotstem.

com/articles/our-education-system-is-not-so-much-broken-asit-istotally

outdated/

 

White, M. D. & Marsh, E. E. (2006). Content Analysis: A Flexible Methodology.

Library Trends, 55(1), 22–45

 

Balakrishnan Muniandy, Rossafri Mohamad, Fong Soon Fook & Rozhan Mohammed

Idrus. (2009). Technology Application in Project-based Learning. Journal of

Communication and Computer, 6(12), 74-84.

 

Wolcott. H. F. (2009). Writing up qualitative research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA.:

Sage Publications

 

Yalcin, S. A., Turgut, U. & Buyukkasai, E. (2009). The Effect of Project Based

Learning on Science Undergraduates' Learning of Electricity, Attitude towards

Physics and Scientific Process Skills. International Online Journal of

Education Sciences, 1(1), 81-105.

 

Yildirim, B. & Altun, Y. (2015). Investigating the effect of STEM education and

engineering applications on science laboratory lectures. El-Cezeri journal of

Science and Engineering, 2(2), 28-40.

 

Yildirim, B. (2016). An Analyses And Meta-Synthesis Of Research On STEM

Education. Journal Of Education And Practice, 7(34), 23-33.

 

Yildirim, B., & Türk, C. (2018). Opinions of Secondary School Science and

Mathematics Teachers on STEM Education. World Journal on Educational

Technology: Current Issues, 10(1), 52-60

 

Yin, R. K. (1994, 2003, 2009). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand

Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Yohanes, Rudi Santoso (2010) Teori Vygotsky dan implikasinya terhadap

pembelajaran matematika. Widya Warta: Majalah Ilmiah Universitas Katolik

Widya Mandala Madiun, XXXIV (02). pp. 127-135. ISSN 0854-1981

 

Zaharah Hussin (2008). Pembinaan kandungan kurikulum pendidikan akhlak untuk

latihan perguruan Pendidikan Islam (Tesis Doktor Falsafah tidak diterbitkan).

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi.

 

Zaharah Hussin (2008). Teknik Dephi ubah suaian: Satu Alternatif Penyelidikan

Wanita. Skudai: Universiti Teknologi Mara. Dimuat turun daripada laman

www.penerbit.utm.my/bookchapterdoc/PPIPS/bookchapter_ppips08.pdf

 

Zamri Mahamod & Magdeline anak Nor. 2012. Penguasaan pengetahuan pedagogi

kandungan guru bahasa Iban. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies

12(2).

 

Zimmerman, D. C. (2010). Project Based Learning for Life Skill Building in 12th Grade

Social Studies Classrooms: A Case Study. (Tesis Sarjana. Tidak Diterbitkan).

Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA.

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.