Astrand, P.O., & Rhyming, I. (1954). A nomogram for calculation of aerobic capacity (physical 

fitness) from pulse rate during submaximal work. Journal of Applied Physiology. 221- 281.

 

Astrand, P.O., Rodahl, K. (1997). Textbook of Work Physiology (3ʳᵈ ed). New York: McGraw­ Hill Book 

Company.

 

Astrand, P.O.; Saltin, B. (1961). Maximum oxygen uptake and heart rate in various types of 

muscular. J. Applied Physiology, 16.

 

Balagopal, P., de Ferranti, S. D., Cook, S., Daniels, S. R., Gidding, S. S., Hayman, L. L., et al. 

(2011). Nontraditional risk factors  and biomarkers  for  cardiovascular disease: Mechanistic, 

research, and clinical considerations for youth. Circulation, 123(23), 2749- 2769.

 

Baumgartner, T. A., & Jackson, A S. (1991). Measurement for evaluation in physical education and 

exercise science (4ᵗʰ ed.). Dubugue, Iowa: Wm.C.Brown.

 

Baumgartner, T. A, & Jackson, AS. (1999). Measureament for Evaluation (6ᵗʰ ed). USA: McGraw-Hill.

 

Baumgartner, T. A., Strong, C.H., & Hensley, L.D. (2002). Conducting and Reading Research in Health 

and Human Performance (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.

 

Brouha L., Health C. W., Graybiel A (1962). Step test simple method of measuring physical fitness 

for hard muscular work in adult man. Rev Canadian Biol, 1943; 2: 86.

 

Buchheit, M., Voss, S. C., Nybo, L., Mohr, M., & Racinais, S. (2011). Physiological and performance 

adaptations to an in-season soccer camp in the heat: Associations with heart rate and heart rate 

variability. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(6), e477-e485.

 

Buyze, M. T. (1986). Comparative training responses to rope skipping and jogging. Physician and 

Sportsmedicine, 14(11), 65-69.

 

Campbell, D. E., (1965). Effect of handball on heart rate. J. Phys. Ed.

 

Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and 

physical fitness: definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 

100(2), 126-131.

 

Clarke, H. H. (1976). Application of measureament to health and physical education. Englewood

Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

 

Cooper, K. H., (1968). Aerobis. New York. Bantam.

 

Cooper, K. H., Purdy, J.G., White, S.R., Pollock, M.L., & Linnerud, AC. (1975). Age fitness 

adjusted maximal heart rates. In D. Brunner & E. Jokl (Eds.), The role of exercise in internal 

medicine (Medicine and Sport, Vol. 10). Basal, Switzerland: Karger.

 

Cornelissen, Veronique. A, & Fagard, R. H. (2005). Effects of endurance training on blood pressure, 

 blood  pressure-regulating  mechanisms,  and  cardiovascular  risk factorsBypertension, 46(4), 

667-675.

 

Cornelissen, V. A., Verheyden, B., Aubert, A. E., & Fagard, R. H. (2009). Effects of aerobic 

training intensity on resting, exercise and post-exercise blood pressure, heart rate and heart-rate 

variability. J Hum Hypertens, 24(3), 175-182.

 

Dumith, S., Van Dusen, D., & Kohl, H. W. (2012). Physical fitness measures among children and 

adolescents: are they all necessary? Journal ofSports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 52(2), 

181-189.

 

Engelke, K., Kemmler, W., Lauber, D., Beeskow, C., Pintag, R., & Kalender, W. (2006). Exercise 

maintains bone density at spine and hip EFOPS: a 3-year longitudinal study in early postmenopausal 

women. Osteoporosis International, 17(1), 133-142.

 

Epstein, L. H., Wing, R. R., Koeske, R., & Valoski, A. (1985).A comparison of lifestyle exercise, 

aerobic exercise, and calisthenics on weight loss in obese children. Behavior Therapy, 16(4), 

345-356.

 

Faiola, J. M., Gouthon, P., Amusa, L. 0., Dansou, P., Dossou, W., & Toriola, A. L. (2008). 

Determining the comfortable skipping frequency in school age children in Benin Republic. African 

Journal for Physical Health Education, Recreation and Dance, 14(4), 428 - 439.

 

Faria, F. I. (1970). Cardiovascular response to exercise as influenced by training of various 

intensities. Research Quarterly. 41.

 

Fox, E. L., & Mathews, D. K. (1978). Physiology of exercise responses and adaption. New York: 

MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.

 

Fox, E.L. & Mathews, D. K. (1974). The pysiological basics of physical education and athletics

(3ʳᵈ ed.).Philadelphia: Sounders College.

 

Franks, B.D., & Howley, E. T. (1998). Fitness Leaders Handbook (2ⁿᵈ ed). USA: Human Kinetics.

 

Girondola, R. N., Katch, F. I., & Henry F. M. (1971). Prediction of oxygen intake from ventilation 

and work capacity from heart rate during heavy exercise. Research Quarterly

for Exercise and Sport. 55(2), 123-128.

 

Haskell, W. L., Montoye, H.J., & Orenstein, D. (1985). Physical activity and exercise to achieve 

health-related physical fitness components. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 202-212.

 

Heyward, V. H. (1998). Advanced Fitness Assessment in Exercise Prescription (3ʳᵈ ed). USA:

Human Kinetics.

 

Hockey, R. V. (1981). Physical fitness: The pathway to healthful living. St. Louis: C.V Mosby Co.

 

Jackson, A. S., & Pollock, M. L. (1976). Factor analysis and multivariate scaling antropometric 

variables for assessment of body composition. Medicine and Sports Science in Sports, 8: 196- 203.

 

Janssen, M., Toussaint, H., Van Willem, M., & Verhagen, E. (2011). PLAYgrounds: Effect of a PE 

playground program in primary schools on PA levels during recess in 6 to 12 year old children. 

Design of a prospective controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 282.

 

Jarver, J. (1981). The Jumps: Contemporary theory, technique and training. Los Altos, Cal: Tafnews 

Press.

 

Jindrich Matiegka. (1921). Physical Efficiency Index. Journal of Physical Antropology.

Johnson, B. L., & Nelson, J. K. (1979). Practical measurement for evaluation in physical education. 

Minneapolis: Burgess.

 

Jozef Drabik. (1989). The general endurance of youth. (4ᵗʰ .ed.) Edina, Minnesota: Burgess. Kurz,

 

M. J., Berg, K., Latin, R., & Degraw, W. (2000). The relationship of training methods in

NCAA Division I cross-country runners and 10,000 meter performance. The Journal of Strength & 

Conditioning Research, 14(2), 196-201.

 

Lox, C., McAuley, E., & Tucker, R. (1996). Aerobic and resistance exercise training effects on body 

composition, muscular strength, and cardiovascular fitness in an hiv-1 population. International 

Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 3(1), 55-69.

 

Manson, J. E., Greenland, P., LaCroix, A. Z., Stefanick, M. L., Mouton, C. P., Oberman, A, et al. 

(2002). Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in 

women.New England Journal of Medicine, 347(10), 716-725.

 

Masterson, G. L., & Brown, S. P. (1993). Effects of weighted rope jump training on power 

performance tests in collegians. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 7(2), 108-114.

 

Mayhew, J. L., Hancock, K., Rollison, L., Ball, T. E., & Bowen, J. C., (1995). Contributions of 

strength and body composition to the gender difference in anaerobic power. Journal of sport

Medicine and Physical Fitness, 41, 33-38.

 

McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., and Katch.V. L., (1973). Exercises physiology. Philadelphia: Lea

& Febiger.

 

McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I., and Katch. V. L., (1974)Exercises physiology (2ⁿᵈ Ed).

Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger.

 

Meeland, T. (1947). Technical accuracy of the heartometer. M.S. thesis in physical education,

University of Illinois.

 

Meylan, C., McMaster, T., Cronin, J., Mohammad, N. I., Rogers, C., & deKlerk, M. (2009). Single-leg 

 Lateral,  horizontal,  and  vertical  jump  assessment:  Reliability, interrelationships, and 

ability to predict sprint and change of direction performance. The Journal ofStrength & 

Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1140-1147.

 

Meylan, G. L., (1913). Twenty years progress in test ofefficiency. Am. P. P.E. Rev.

 

Micallef, C., Calleja, N., & Decelis, A. (2010). Assessing the capabilities of 11-year-olds for 

three types of basic physical activities. European Journal of Pediatrics, 169(9), 1093- 1096.

 

Miller, D. K. (1994). Measurement by the Physical Educator: Why and How. USA: Human Kinetics.

 

Murphy, M. H., Nevill, A. M., Murtagh, E. M., & Holder, R. L. (2007). The effect of walking on 

fitness, fatness and resting blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. 

Preventive Medicine, 44(5), 377-385.

 

Nieman, D. C. (1998). The Exercise Health Connection. United State of America: Human Kinetics.

 

Ortega, F. B., Artero, E. G., Ruiz, J. R., Espana-Romero, V., Jimenez-Pavon, D., Vicente­ 

Rodriguez, G., et al. (2011). Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. 

British Journal ofSports Medicine, 45(1), 20-29.

 

Pettersson, U., Nordstrom, P., Alfredson, H., Henriksson-Larsen, K., & Lorentzen, R. (2000). Effect 

of high impact activity on bone mass and size in adolescent females: A comparative study between 

two different types of sports. Clacified Tissue International, 67(3), 207-214.

 

Pate, R. R. (1991). Health Related Measures of Children's Physical Fitness.Journal of School 

Health, 61, 231-233.

 

Pollock, M. L., Broida, J., & Kendrick, Z. (1972). Validity of the palpation technique of heart 

rate determination and its estimation of training heart rate. Research Quaterly, 43(1), 77-

81.

 

Pollock, M. L. (1973). Quantification of indurance training programs, in Exercise and Sport

Science Reviews. Vol 1, Ed., J.H. Wilmore, New York: Academic Press.

 

Pronk, N. P., Pronk, S. J., & Sisco, A W. (1995). Accuracy of the palpation technique to assess 

exercise heart rate during bench stepping exercise.The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 

9(1), 27-31.

 

Quirk, J. E., & Sinning, W. E. (1982). Anaerobic and aerobic responses of males and females to rope 

skipping. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 14(1), 26-29.

 

Rankin, A J., Rankin, A C., MacIntyre, P., & Hillis, W. S. (2011). Walk or run? Is high­ intensity 

exercise more effective than moderate intensity exercise at reducing cardiovascular risk? Scottish 

Medical Journal.

 

Sallis, J. F., Patterson, T. L., Buono, M. J., & Nader, P. R. (1988). Relation of cardiovascular 

fitness and physical activity to cardiovascular disease risk factors in children and adults. 

American Journal of Epidemiology, 127(5), 933-941.

 

Schneider, E. (1920). Respiratory study of the influence of a moderateamount of physical training. 

Research. Quarterly. 1: 1-6.

 

Sheikh Kamaruddin S. A., &Singh, B. S. (1987). Buku sumber kecergasan fizikal. (2ⁿᵈ ed).

Kuala Lumpur: PPJM.

 

Shenoy, S., Wagle, S.S., Sandhu, J. S., & Singh, H.P. (2012). Relationship of maximal aerobic 

capacity with predictors of cardiovascular diseases in North Indian cardiac patients. Heart Asia, 

4(1), 62-66.

 

Shephard, R. (1961). Endurance fitness. Buffalo, N.Y. University of Toronto Press.

 

Siedentop, D. (2004). Introduction to Physical Education, Fitness and Sport. New York: McGraw-Hill.

 

Singh, M., Singh, R., & Larmie, E. T. (2007). Effect of a health-related physical fitness 

intervention program on the cardio-respiratory fitness of secondary school boysAsian Journal 

ofExercise and Sports Science, 4(1).

 

Sloan, R. P., Shapiro, P. A, DeMeersman, R. E., Bagiella, E., Brondolo, E. N., McKinley, P. S., et 

al. (2011). Impact of aerobic training on cardiovascular reactivity to and recovery from challenge. 

Psychosomatic Medicine, 73(2), 134-141.

 

Sollerhed, A C., & Ejlertsson, G. (2008). Physical benefits of expanded physical education in 

primary school: findings from a 3-year intervention study in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of

Medicine & Science in Sports, 18(1), 102-107.

 

Suni, J. H., Oja, P., Miilunpalo, S. I., Pasanen, M. E., Vuori, I. M., & Bos, K. (1998). Health­

related fitness test battery for adults: associations with perceived health, mobility, and back 

function and symptoms. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 79(5), 559-569.

 

Tanaka, H., Monahan, K. D., & Seals, D. R. (2001). Age-predicted maximal heart rate revisited.

JAm Coll Cardio  37(1), 153-156.

 

Taylor, H. L., Burkirk E., & Henschel A. (1942). Maximal oxygen intakeas on objective measure of 

cardio-respiratory performance. J. Applied Physiology.

 

Thomas, T. R., Adeniran, S. B., & Etheridge, G. L. (1984). Effects of different running programs on 

VO2 max, percent fat, and plasma lipids. Canadian Journal ofApplied Sport Sciences, 9(2), 55-62,

 

Town, G. P., Sol, N., & Sinning, W. E. (1980). The effect of rope skipping rate on energy 

expenditure of males and females. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 12(4).

 

Tuttle, W.W. (1943). The effect of weight los by.dehydration and thewithholding of food on the 

physiological response. Research Quarterly. 14, 156-166.

 

Weiglein, L., Herrick, J., Kirk, S., & Kirk, E. P. (2011). The 1-mile walk test is a valid 

predictor of VO2 max and is a reliable alternative fitness test to the 1.5-mile run in U.S. Air 

Force males. Military Medicine, 176(6), 669-673.

 

Westerterp, K. (2009). Assessment of physical activity: a critical appraisal. European Journal of 

Applied Physiology, 105(6), 823-828.

 

Wilmore, J. H. (1983). Body composition in sport and exercise: Directions for future research.

Medicine and science in sport and exercise, 15-21.

 

Wittink, H., Engelbert, R., & Takken, T. (2011). The dangers of inactivity; exercise and inactivity 

physiology for the manual therapist. Manual Therapy, 16(3), 209-216.