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Type :thesis
Subject :QD Chemistry
Main Author :Nur Hazwanie Abdul Kadir
Title :Essential oils, phytochemistry and antioxidant activity of Syzygium pyrifolium (Blume) DC. (MYRTACEAE)
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Year of Publication :2022
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
This study aims to identify the essential oils composition, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activity of Syzygium pyrifolium (Blume) DC. leaves and bark extracts. The essential oils were obtained using hydrodistillation technique and their chemical compositions were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Phytochemicals were separated using various chromatography techniques and their structures were elucidated using infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet, and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity of the essential oils, extracts, and selected phytochemicals was determined using the total phenolic content and free radical scavenging assay. Results showed that S. pyrifolium leaf oil mainly consists of geraniol (73.8%), β-pinene (7.0%), α-pinene (5.7%), and (E)-β- ocimene (4.5%). Geraniol was successfully separated from the leaf oil as a pure compound. The bark oil contains cuparene (7.2%), β-elemene (6.8%), longifolene (5.6%) and α-terpineol (4.7%) as major components. Seven compounds were also separated from the leaf and bark extracts of S. pyrifolium and successfully identified as 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,4′- dihydroxy-3,7,3′-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 4′,5,7- trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. The bark methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content with gallic acid equivalent to 490 mg/g extract. Meanwhile, leaf and bark methanolic extracts showed strong antioxidant activity in the free radical scavenging assay with percentage inhibition of 88.4% and 89.9%, respectively. In conclusion, leaf and bark oils of S. pyrifolium consist of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as major group components. In addition, leaves and bark methanolic extracts mainly contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds which exhibited strong antioxidant activity. This study implies that extracts of S. pyrifolium have potential to prevent free radical harmful effects and may protect against various cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.

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