UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
This study aims to identify the essential oils composition, phytochemicals, and
antioxidant activity of Syzygium pyrifolium (Blume) DC. leaves and bark extracts. The
essential oils were obtained using hydrodistillation technique and their chemical
compositions were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass
spectrometry. Phytochemicals were separated using various chromatography
techniques and their structures were elucidated using infrared, nuclear magnetic
resonance, ultraviolet, and mass spectrometry. Antioxidant activity of the essential
oils, extracts, and selected phytochemicals was determined using the total phenolic
content and free radical scavenging assay. Results showed that S. pyrifolium leaf oil
mainly consists of geraniol (73.8%), β-pinene (7.0%), α-pinene (5.7%), and (E)-β-
ocimene (4.5%). Geraniol was successfully separated from the leaf oil as a pure
compound. The bark oil contains cuparene (7.2%), β-elemene (6.8%), longifolene
(5.6%) and α-terpineol (4.7%) as major components. Seven compounds were also
separated from the leaf and bark extracts of S. pyrifolium and successfully identified
as 5-hydroxy-3,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-3,7,3′,4′-tetramethoxyflavone, 5,4′-
dihydroxy-3,7,3′-trimethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,4′-trimethoxyflavone, 4′,5,7-
trimethoxyflavone, 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. The bark
methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic content with gallic acid
equivalent to 490 mg/g extract. Meanwhile, leaf and bark methanolic extracts showed
strong antioxidant activity in the free radical scavenging assay with percentage
inhibition of 88.4% and 89.9%, respectively. In conclusion, leaf and bark oils of S.
pyrifolium consist of oxygenated monoterpenes and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons as
major group components. In addition, leaves and bark methanolic extracts mainly
contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds which exhibited strong antioxidant
activity. This study implies that extracts of S. pyrifolium have potential to prevent free
radical harmful effects and may protect against various cardiovascular and
inflammatory diseases. |
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