UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
The objective of this study is to investigate the relationships between engagement,
attitudes, anxiety, and Mandarin achievement among Malaysian learners of Mandarin
as a foreign language (MFL). It also aims to examine the role of self-efficacy in
mediating between determinants of MFL achievement. A quantitative study was
selected to answer five research questions. Four sets of instruments adapted from the
previous study were used to measure Self-efficacy, Engagement, Attitude and Anxiety.
The Psychometric properties of the instruments were evaluated via experts' comments,
while the internal consistencies were examined through Cronbach's alpha. The values
of Cronbach's alpha ranged from .746 to .915, indicating the instruments’
appropriateness and suitability. 614 MFL learners from Malaysian public universities
were chosen as a sample through cluster sampling. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA),
Confirmative Factor Analysis (CFA), Structural Equation Modelling (SEM), and
MANOVA were used to analyse the data. The results of EFA and CFA suggested that
the engagement, attitudes, anxiety, and self-efficacy were loaded according to the
predetermined theory, which indicated strong construct validity. The SEM result
showed that engagement and self-efficacy were directly and positively related to MFL
achievement. At the same time, anxiety was negatively but statistically associated with
achievement. There were significant differences between learning engagement across
gender, self-efficacy across ages and proficiency levels. However, anxiety and
attitudes are statistically insignificant across gender, age, and proficiency levels. The
results of the present study suggested that language learning engagement and selfefficacy
are significant determinants of MFL achievement. In contrast, language
anxiety contributes negatively to MFL achievement. The implication of this study
suggested engagement, self-efficacy, and language anxiety should be given
importance since they affect the success of learning MFL. |
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