UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death in Malaysia, however,
adherence to medications remains the main issue in achieving optimal treatment
outcomes. This study was conducted to explore the psychosocial relationships model
on medication adherence among patients with CHD in Malaysia. The study involved
the sequential mixed method design; Firstly, it explores the – psychosocial factors
associated with medication adherence through a qualitative interview on the CHD
patient’s treatment experiences (N=22, 88% males) as well as their family caregivers
(N=15). Secondly, questionnaires based on the qualitative findings were developed
and validated; and finally, the relationships between the psychosocial factors with
medication adherence among the CHD patients (N=235, 73.6% males) were
determined. Qualitative findings revealed five factors such as psychosocial beliefs,
doctor-patient relationship, seeking information behaviour, social support needs, and
lifestyle changes. Following the qualitative findings, two questionnaires were
developed and validated which were – the CHD-specific modern medication use
questionnaire (CHD-MMUQ) and the CHD-specific complementary alternative
medication use questionnaire (CHD-CAMQ). Finally, the multivariate logistic
regression analysis was conducted and suggests psychosocial factors such as low
concern-specific beliefs on medications, gender, ethnicity, diet control, and
performing spiritual practices were statistically significant to predict adherence to
medication (χ2 = 61.6, df = 8, N = 235, P< 0.001). The diagnostic test suggested that
the Nagelkerke pseudo-R-square of the coefficient of determination indicated that
approximately 33% of the factors in CHD patients were related to medication
adherence, the model fits well with our data. Assessment of the possible moderating
influence of medication adherence suggested that CHD patients who controlled diet
based on ethnicity differences (such as Indian ethics) were associated with significant
medication adherence, but they were poorly associated with medication adherence if
an individual was not controlling their diets. Overall, the final results suggested that
besides the patient’s treatment psychosocial beliefs, differences based on ethnic
practices such as diet control are important factors to be considered for better
medication adherence outcomes. |
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