UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :BC Logic
Main Author :Durrah Athirah Walid
Title :Evaluation of drug prevention programmes and development of a drug-free school framework
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
Year of Publication :2023
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file
PDF Full Text :Login required to access this item.

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
The purpose of this study was to identify existing drug prevention education programs in schools, evaluate the effectiveness of drug prevention education programs in schools, and build a drug-free school framework. There are two research methods used to obtain data in this study. The first research design used mixed methods involving qualitative and quantitative data collection. The second design is a design and development research method that has three main phases including the needs analysis phase, the design and development phase, and the evaluation phase. The respondents selected in identifying and evaluating this drug prevention education program are a total of 190 school students, 40 drug prevention education teachers, school counselors, and school administrators, while 10 counseling experts and practitioners have been involved in building the drug-free school framework. The data shows that the most activities carried out in schools are drug education in the integrated high school curriculum (91.3%), while the least carried out activities are the Student Intervention Program (15.2%). Data showed that students responded positively at all levels of assessment, including reaction levels, learning outcomes, behaviors, and program outcomes. However, in terms of implementing drug prevention education programs, there are suggestions for improvements needed to conduct drug prevention education effectively in schools. Further findings is a proposal for the drug-free school framework by using fuzzy dephi techniques that include elements such as low-risk aspects and high protective factors, learning outcomes, training, and support, information availability, research-based psycho-educational programs, team development, interactive engagement, group appropriateness, suitability to targeted student group, realizing a climate of education, social collaboration, monitoring progress and outcomes, and finally policies and procedures. The implications of the study can be used in the field of academics and counseling to prevent drug abuse among students more effectively

References

A. S. Ishak, Hussin H., Alia Asrani Azmi, & M.H. Othman. (2018). The Knowledge about the Dangerous Effect of Opiates among Adolescent. MATEC Web of Conferences, 150(05096). 

Abdullah, N. H., Shahadan, M. A., & Bistamam, M. N. (2018). Drug Risk Behaviour among Malaysian Adolescents. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(12): 1708–1722. 

Ackoff, R. L. (1953). The Design of Social Research. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. 

Adler, M., & Ziglio, E. (Eds.). (1996). Gazing into the oracle. Bristol, PA: Kingsley.  

Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs [ACMD]. (2015). Prevention Of Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Recovery Committee Prevention Briefing.  

Ahmad Jazimin Jusoh & Shifa Podikunji Hussain (2015). Choice Theory and Reality Therapy (CTRT) Group Counseling Module. Asian Journal of Humanities and Social Studies, 3(4), 2321-2799. 

Anupreet Kaur Sidhu, Shubha Kumar, Heather Wipfli, Monika Arora, & Thomas W. Valente. (2018). International Approaches to Tobacco Prevention and Cessation Programming and Policy among Adolescents in India. Current Addiction Reports. 

Arau´jo-Soares, V., McIntyre, T. & Sniehotta, F. F. (2008). Predicting Changes in Physical Activity Among Adolescents: The Role of Self-Efficacy, Intention, Action Planning and Coping Planning. Health Education Research, 24(1): 128–139. 

Azlin Alwi, Magdeline ak. Nor & Sariati binti Azman. (2020). Memahami Daya Tahan Remaja yang Tinggal di Kawasan Berisiko Tinggi. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 12(1).  

Azmawati Mohammed Nawi, Rozmi Ismail, Fauziah Ibrahim, Mohd Rohaizat Hassan, Mohd Rizal Abdul Manaf, Noh Amit, Norhayati Ibrahim, & Nurul Shafini Shafurdin. (2021). Risk and protective factors of drug abuse among adolescents: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 21(2088). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11906-2 

Bauer, M. & Goehlich, M. (2020). 60 Years Later - Testing Kirkpatrick’s 4-Level Evaluation Model on an Extra-Occupational Master Program. Journal of Education and Human Development, 9(4): 27-41. 

Belea, M. & Calauz, A. (2019). Social Support: A Factor of Protection Against Stress During Adolescence. Journal of Social Research and Intervention, 67. 

Bell, C. S. & Battjes, R. J. (1987). Prevention Research: Deterring Drug Abuse among Children and Adolescents. NIDA Research Monograph 63. A RAUS Review Report. 

Bellu. L. G. (2011). Development and Development Paradigms A (Reasoned) Review of Prevailing Visions. Italy, EASYPol, Resources for policy making. 

Biennial Review and Report Drug Free Schools and Communities Act (DFSCA). (2014). College of Southern Idaho. 

Bjerkan, K. Y., & Nordtømme, M. E. (2015). Active and Attitudinal Acceptability of Reporting Own Travel Data. Eur. Transp. Res. Rev, 7: 19. 

Borloti, E., García, M. V. H., Jiménez, V. S., & Sudbrack, M. F. O. (2017). Drug Use Prevention Projects In Schools In Vitória, Brazil: Quality Analysis And Improvement Proposals. Borloti et al. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 30(1). 

Bortes, C., Geidne, S. & Eriksson, C. (2016). Evaluating The Effectiveness of The SMART Contract-Signing Strategy in Reducing The Growth of Swedish Adolescents’ Substance Use and Problem Behaviors. BMC Public Health, 16:519. 

Botvin, G. (1995). Prevention Update. Institute of Prevention Research, Cornell University Medical College, Cornell. 

Botvin, G. J., & Griffin, K. W. (2003). Drug abuse prevention curricula in schools. In Z. Sloboda & W. J. Bukoski (Eds.), Handbook of Drug Abuse Prevention: Theory, Science, and Practice (pp. 45-74). Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. 

Brotherhood A. B. & Sumnall H. R. (2011). European drug prevention quality standards. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA). Retrieved from https://www.emcdda.europa.eu/system/files/publications/646/TD3111250ENC_318193.pdf 

Carrasco-Garrido, P., Jiménez-Trujillo, I., Hernández-Barrera, V., Alonso-Fernández, N., García-Gómez-Heras, S., & Palacios-Ceña, D. (2019). Gender Differences in The Non-Medical Use Of Psychoactive Medications In The School Population- National Trends And Related Factors. BMC Pediatrics,19(362).  

Chan Yuen Fook, Abdul Halim Mohd Hussin, Gurham Kaur Sidhu, Nazeera Ahmed Bazari, & Rozilah Abdul Aziz. (2009). Keberkesanan Pelaksanaan Program Pendidikan Pencegahan Dadah. Di Sekolah Rendah. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia. 

Chan Yuen Fook, Gurnam Kaur Sidhu, Abdul Halim Mohd. Hussin, Wee Eng Hoe, Lim Peck Choo, & Mohd. Zaiham Abd Hamid. (2012). Kajian mengenai Pencegahan Penyalahgunaan Bahan Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menangah di Malaysia. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia. 

Chan, Y. F., Gurnam K. S., Mohd Zaiham Abd Hamid, Lim, P. C., & Wee E. H. (2015). Teachers’ Perspective on Challenges of Substance Abuse Prevention among Malaysian Secondary School Students. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 40(1). 

Christensen, B. L., Johnson, R. B., & Turner, L. A. (2011). Research Methods, Design and Analysis. Boston: Pearson. 

Chu, H.C. & Hwang, G.J. (2008). A Delphi-based approach to developing expert systems with the cooperation of multiple experts. Expert Systems with Applications, 34(28): 26-40. 

Complying With the Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Regulations, EDGAR part 86 (2006). (Original work published 1997). 

Cresswell, J. W. & Clark V.L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). SAGE publication. 

Cresswell, J. W. (2015). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting, And Evaluating Quantitative And Qualitative Research (5th ed.). Pearson. 

Creswell, J. W. (2008). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. 

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA Sage Publications. 

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. 

Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design Choosing among Five Approaches (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA SAGE. 

Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.  

Creswell, J., & Plano Clark, V. (2007). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage 

Davidson, E. J. (2002). The discipline of evaluation: A helicopter tour for I/O psychologists. The Industrial - Organizational Psychologist, 40(2), 31–35.   

Dikko, M. (2016). Establishing Construct Validity and Reliability: Pilot Testing of a Qualitative Interview for Research in Takaful (Islamic Insurance). The Qualitative Report, 21 (3), 521-528. 

Drug Policy Research Center. (2002). What Are the True Benefits of School-Based Drug Prevention Programs? RAND Research Brief. Retrieved from https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_briefs/RB6009/RB6009.pdf 

Dusenbury, L. & Falco, M. (1995). Eleven Components of Effective Drug Abuse Prevention Curricula. Journal Of School Health, 65(10): 420-431. 

Ekholm, D. (2019). Sport As Vehicle of Crime and Drug Prevention And Social Inclusion Objectives. 

Ellis, T. J., & Levy, Y. (2010). A Guide for Novice Researchers: Design and Development Research Methods. Proceedings of Informing Science & IT Education Conference (InSITE), USA. 

Ellis, T. J., & Levy, Y. (2010). Towards a Guide for Novice Researchers on Research Methodology: Review and Proposed Method. In E. B. Cohen (Ed.), Growing Information: Part 1. Santa Rosa, California: Informing Science Institute. 

Faggiano, F., Siliquini, R., Zunino, B., Siliquini, V., Taglianti, V. F., Cuomo, G., Bohrn, K., Kreeft, P. V. D., Coppens, E., Melero, J. C., Perez, T., Varona, L., Wiborg, G., Terzidu, M., Yotsidi, V., Richardson, C., Galanti, M. R., Burkhart, G., Panella, M., Bighiani, S., Fabiani, L., & Scatigna, M. (2002). Unplugged An Effective School-Based Program for The Prevention Of Substance Use Among Adolescents. EU-Dap Final Technical Report n.1. 

Fauziah Hanim Jalal, Nurul ‘Ain Mohd Daud, Robe’ah Yusuf, Nurul Hasyimah Mat Rani, Hapsah Md Yusof,Norazani Ahmad, Faridah Hanim Yahya & Zirwatul Ahlam Zamzam. (2020), Kajian Keperluan Intervensi Kumpulan Sokongan Keluarga Melalui Facebook Dalam Membantu Pemulihan Penagihan Dadah Anak Remaja. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 12(1).  

Fauziah, I., Mohamad, M. S., Chong, S. T. & Azmi Abd Manaf. (2012). Substance Abuse and Aggressive Behavior among Adolescents. Asian Social Science, 8(9). 

Fauziah, S. Nen, M. A. Nur Saadah, & N. Sarnon. (2012). A Profile of Male Adolescents Background and Experiences in Substance Abuse. Asian Social Science, 8(12)  

Fildzah Ikramina & Aurik Gustomo. (2014). Analysis of Training Evaluation Process Using Kirkpatrick’s Training Evaluation Model at Pt. Bank Tabungan Negara (Persero) Tbk. Journal of Business and Management, 3(1): 102-111 

Gloria H. Y. C., T. Wing Lo, Cherry H. L. Tam & Gabriel K. W. Lee (2019). Intrinsic Motivation and Psychological Connectedness to Drug Abuse and Rehabilitation: The Perspective of Self-Determination. International Journal Environ. Research Public Health, 16(1934). 

Glover S., Burns J., Butler H., Patton G. (1998). Social Environments and The Emotional Wellbeing Of Young People. Family Matters 49(Autumn): 11–16. 

Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Toward a Conceptual Framework for Mixed-Methods Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11(3): 255-274. 

Grieve, R., & McSwiggan, C. (2014). Predicting Intentions to Fake In Psychological Testing: Which Normative Beliefs Are Important? Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 30: 23-28 

Gruber E, DiClemente RJ, Anderson MM, & Lodico M. (1996). Early drinking onset and its association with alcohol use and problem behavior in late adolescence. Prev Med, 25(3): 293-300.  

Guerin, R. J. & Toland, M. D. (2020). An Application of a Modified Theory of Planned Behavior Model to Investigate Adolescents’ Job Safety Knowledge, Norms, Attitude And Intention To Enact Workplace Safety And Health Skills. Journal of Safety Research, 72: 189–198 

Guimarãesm R. A., Maria de Souza, M., Caetano, K. A. A., Teles, S. A., & André de Matos, M. (2017). Use of Illicit Drugs by Adolescents and Young Adults of An Urban Settlement In Brazil. Rev Assoc Med Bras 2018; 64(2):114-118. 

Hamed, T. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM), 5(2): 18-27 

Hansen, W. B., Fleming, C. B. & Scheier, L. M. (2019). Self-Reported Engagement in a Drug Prevention Program: Individual and Classroom Effects on Proximal and Behavioral Outcomes. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 40(5–34). 

Haskins, N. H. (2012). The School Counselor’s Role with Students At-Risk for Substance Abuse. VISTAS, 1. 

Haslee Sharil Lim Abdullah, Mohd Rafidi Jusoh, Mohamad Isa Amat, Amin Al Haadi Shafie, Mizan Adiliah Ahmad Ibrahim, & Mohd Arief Sadik. Kajian Penilaian Keberkesanan Program Perangi Dadah Habis-Habisan (PDH) 2016. (2019). Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 10(1). 

Haslee Sharil Lim Abdullah, Siti Nubailah Mohd Yusof, Farhana Saberi, Lau Poh Li, Nor Azri Ahmad, Sallina Mansur, Nur Faizah Abdul Kahar. (2021). Kajian Penilaian Keberkesanan Program Perangi Dadah (PDH) Habis-Habisan 2017-2018. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 13(1). 

Hawkins, J., Madden, K., Fletcher, A., Midgley, L., Grant, A., Cox, G., Moore, L., Campbell, R., Murphy, S., Bonell, C., & White, J. (2017). Development of A Framework for The Co-Production and Prototyping of Public Health Interventions. BMC Public Health, 17:689. 

Hawks, D., Scott, K., McBride, N., Jones, P., & Stockwell, T. (2002). Prevention Of Psychoactive Substance Use: A Selected Review of What Works In The Area Of Prevention. World Health Organization, Mental Health: Evidence and Research, Department of Mental Health and Substance Dependence, Switzerland. 

Hazraniza Che Haron. (2003). Sikap Pelajar Terhadap Program Pendidikan Pencegahan Dadah: Program Intelek Asuhan Rohani (PINTAR). Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia. 

Heale, R. & Forbes, D. (2013). Understanding Triangulation in Research. Evid Based Nurs, 16(4). 

Heimlich, J. E., & Ardoin, N. M. (2008) Understanding Behavior to Understand Behavior Change: A Literature Review. Environmental Education Research, 14(3): 215-237 

Hodder, R. K., Daly, J., Freund, M., Bowman, J., Hazell, T., & Wiggers, J. (2011). A School-Based Resilience Intervention to Decrease Tobacco, Alcohol and Marijuana Use In High School Students. BMC Public Health, 11(722). 

Hopkins, K. D. (1998). Educational and Psychological Measurement & Evaluation (2nd Edition). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 

Howe, N. & Strauss, W. (2009). Millennials rising: The next great generation. New York: Vintage Books 

Ishu Kataria, Hale, J., Watkins, D., Nupoor Kulkarni, Hutchinson, B., & Nugent, R. (2018). Reducing Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors in Adolescents: An Investment Case in India. RTI International. 

Jamilah Ahmad, Suriati Saad, Nurzali Ismail & Nur Nasliza Arina Mohamad Nasir. (2019). Belia dan Penyalahgunaan Dadah: Sejauhmana Media Sosial Berupaya Membantu Pihak Berwajib Menanganinya. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 11(2). 

Jinado HO, Salmiah MS, & Azuhairi AA. (2016). “Association between Self-Esteem and Smoking Among Religious Schools Students in Petaling District, Selangor”. International Medical Journal Malaysia, 15(1). 

Ji-Wei Wang, Chang-Nian Wei, Koichi Harada, Keiko Minamoto, Kimiyo Ueda, Hong-Wei Cui, Cheng-Gang Zhang, Zhi-Ting Cui & Atsushi Ueda. (2010). Applying The Social Cognitive Perspective to Volunteer Intention in China: The Mediating Roles of Self-Effificacy and Motivation. Health Promotion International, 26: 2. 

Kieser, M. & Wassmer, G. 1996. On The Use of The Upper Confidence Limit for The Variance From a Pilot Sample For Sample Size Determination. Biometrical Journal, 8: 941-949. 

Kirkpatrick, D. L. (1959). Techniques for Evaluation Training Programs. Journal of the American Society of Training Directors, 13, 21-26. 

Klein, J. D. (2014). Design and Development Research: A Rose by Another Name. Paper presented at AERA, Philadelphia, PA. 

Kohno, A., Musa, G., Nik Farid, N. D., Abdul Aziz, N., Nakayama, T., & Dahlui, M. (2016). Issues In Healthcare Services in Malaysia as Experienced By Japanese Retirees. BMC Health Services Research, 16:167 

Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30: 607-610 

Ladak, L. A, Gallaghe, R., Hasan, B. S., Awais, K., Ahmed Abdullah, & Gullick, J. (2020). Exploring The Influence of Socio-Cultural Factors and Environmental Resources on The Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents After Congenital Heart Disease Surgery: Parental Perspectives from a Low Middle Income Country. Journal of Patient-Reported Outcomes, 4:72 

Lakshmi Mallik D. M & Vineeta B. Pai. (2017). Review of Research on School Based Life Skill Intervention for Adolescents in India. South Asian Journal of Participative Development, 17: 2. 

Lando, H.A. (1987). The Social Influences Approach to Smoking Prevention and Progress Toward An Integrated Smoking Elimination Strategy: A Critical Commentary. NIDA Research Monograph 63. A RAUS Review Report. 

Langheiter, A. (2019). The Kirkpatrick Evaluation Model. https://annalangheiter.com/en/the-kirkpatrick-evaluation-model/ 

Lim, M. C., Ahmad Fuad Shamsuddin, & Tuan Mazlelaa Tuan Mahmood. (2018). Knowledge, Attitude, And Practice on Doping of Malaysian Student Athletes. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 11(5). 

Lynn, M.R. (1986) Determination and Quantification of Content Validity. Nursing Research, 35, 382-385. 

Malhotra, N. K. & Birks, D. F. (2006). Marketing Research: An Applied  Approach. Harlow, FT/Prentice Hall. 

Mallory, B. (1994). Making the Commitment to Drug-Free Schools, the United States, NASSP Bulletin. 

Malmqvist, J., Hellberg, K., Mollas, G., Rose, R., & Shevlin, M. (2019). Conducting the Pilot Study: A Neglected Part of the Research Process? Methodological Findings Supporting the Importance of Piloting in Qualitative Research Studies. International Journal of Qualitative Methods,18: 1–11. 

Marlina Nurdin, Guan Teik Ee, & Carmella E. Adin. (2021). Hubungan Antara Personaliti Dengan Tahap Penagihan Dadah Dalam Kalangan Remaja Dan Belia Di Cure and Care Rehabilitation Center (CCRC). Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 13(1). 

Masoumeh Alavi & Syed Mohamed Shafeq Mansor. (2011). “Categories of Problems among International Students in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia”. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences. p. 1581-1587. 

McBride, N., Midford, R., Farringdon, F., & Phillips, M. (2000). Early Results of a School Alcohol Harm Minimisation Intervention: The School Health and Alcohol Harm Reduction Project (SHAHRP). Addiction, 95(7): 102-42. 

McMillan J.H & Schumacher S. (2010). Research in education: Evidence-based enquiry, 7th ed., Pearson Education. 

Meador, M. G., & Linnan L. A. (2006). Using the PRECEDE Model to Plan Men’s Health Programs in a Managed Care Setting. Health Promotion Practice. Retrieved from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1524839904270502 

Meadows, M. (2016). Secondary Student and Teacher Perceptions of The Efficacy Of Drug Prevention Programs Taught In Elementary Schools (Dissertation). 

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Drug-free zone. In Merriam-Webster.com legal dictionary. Retrieved October 7, 2020, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/legal/drug-free%20zone 

Meyer, L. (2004). Principles for school drug education. Australian Government Department of Education, Science and Training, Australia. 

Mihalic, S. F., Fagan, A. A., & Argamaso, S. (2006). Implementing The Life Skills Training Drug Prevention Program: Factors Related to Implementation Fidelity. Implementation Science, 3(5). 

Miller, C. J., Smithc, S. N., & Pugatcha, M. (2019). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs in Implementation Research. Psychiatry Research. 

Mohamed Sharif, Roslee, & Sulaiman Shakib. (2003). Konsep dan Peranan Kaunseling Dalam Pendidikan. Kertas Kerja Peringkat Antarabangsa Dibentangkan di Seminar Antarabangsa Guru-Guru Agama Singapura (Pergas). 

Mohammad Nasir Bistamam, Nor Hafifah Abdullah, Samsiah Mohd Jais, Muhammad Bazlan Mustafa, Nurul Hasyimah Mat Rani & Nor Azri Ahmad. (2020). Remaja Berisiko Mengambil Dadah: Kajian Perpustakaan. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 12(1). 

Mohd Muzafar Shah bin Mohd Razali, Md Azman bin Shahadan, Mohammad Aziz Shah bin Mohamed Arip, Che Anuar bin Che Abdullah, Mohammad Isa bin Amat, Mohd Farid bin Hj. Mohamad Japeri, & Azad Athahiri Bin Anuar. (2017). Kajian Meta-Analisis Keberkesanan Program Pendidikan Pencegahan di Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan. Jurnal Dadah Malaysia. 

Mohd Muzafar Shah bin Mohd Razali, Md Azman bin Shahadan, Mohammad Aziz Shah bin Mohamed Arip, Che Anuar bin Che Abdullah, Mohammad Isa bin Amat, Mohd Farid bin Mohamad Japeri, Azad Athahiri bin Anuar. (2019). Kajian Meta-Analisis Keberkesanan Program Pendidikan Pencegahan Di Agensi Antidadah Kebangsaan. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 10(1). 

Mohd Muzafar Shah Mohd Razali & Kliewer, W. (2015). Risk And Protective Factors for Recreational And Hard Drug Use Among Malaysian Adolescents And Young Adults. Addictive Behaviors 50, 149–156. 

Mohd Muzafar Shah Mohd Razali. (2007). The Relationship Between the Age of Onset For Delinquent Behaviour And Chronic Drug Abuse Among Adoloscents. Kertas kerja yang dibentangkan dalam International Counseling Symposium on Drug Prevention and Rehabilitation, Kolej Universiti Islam Malaysia dan NADA Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 

Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil & Nurulrabihah Mat Noh. (2020). Kepelbagaian Metodologi Dalam Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk Dan Pembangunan. Qaisar Prestige Resources, Malaysia. 

Mohd Ridhuan Mohd Jamil, Shariza Said, & Mohd Ibrahim K. Azeez. (2014). Kompetensi Guru Terhadap Pengurusan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran: Suatu Pendekatan Teknik Fuzzy Delphi. Jurnal Kepimpinan Pendidikan, 1(3). 

Mohd Ridhuan, M., Saedah, S., Zaharah, H., Nurulrabihah, M., & Ahmad Arifin, S. (2014). Pengenalan Asas Kaedah Fuzzy Delphi Dalam Penyelidikan Reka Bentuk Pembangunan (2nd ed). Monosh Technologies. 

Moore, Carter, Nietert, & Stewart. (2011). Recommendations For Planning Pilot Studies in Clinical and Translational Sciences. Clinical and Translational Sciences, 4: 332-337. 

Muhammad Sabri Sahrir, Nor Aziah Alias, Zawawi Ismail, & Nurulhuda Osman. (2012). Employing Design and Development Research (DDR) Approaches In The Design And Development of Online Arabic Vocabulary Learning Games Prototype. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 11, 2. 

Murray, J. W. & Hammons, J. O. (1995). Delphi: A Versatile Methodology for Conducting Qualitative Research. Review of Higher Education, 18(4): 23-36. 

National Anti-Drug Agency. (2020). Drug Statistics. Retrieved from https://www.adk.gov.my/en/public/drugs-statistics/ 

National Health and Medical Research Council. (1996). Effective School Health Promotion: Towards health promoting schools, Commonwealth Department of Health and Family Services, ACT. 

Nguyen, T. C., Shih, M. H., Srivastava, D., Tirthapura, S., Xu, B. (2019). Stratified Random Sampling from Streaming and Stored Data. 

Nilsen, P. (2015). Making sense of implementation theories, models and frameworks. Implementation Science, 10(1). doi:10.1186/s13012-015-0242-0  

Noor Azimah, Khadijah & Ab. Halim (2019). Kesahan Dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Pengurusan Pendidikan Dakwah di Sekolah. Journal of Islamic, Social, Economics and Development (JISED), 4(19): 108-118.  

Norizan Abdul Ghani, Mohd. Ridhuan Tee Abdullah, Muhamad Fazil Ahmad, Berhanundin Abdullah, Wan Mohd. Yusof Wan Chik, Nizaita Omar, Mohd. Syaiful Nizam Abu Hassan, Jumadil Saputra, Razi Yaakob, Farah Syazrah Mohd. Ghazalli, & Wan Maisarah Wan Abu Mansor. (2021). Peranan Komuniti Menangani Penagihan Dadah Dalam Kalangan Kanak-Kanak Dan Remaja. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 13(1). 

Norlia Anuar. (2018). The Effectiveness of Smoking Prevention Module Towards Knowledge and Smoking Refusal Skill Among Secondary School Students in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. Dissertation Requirement for The Degree of Master Of Medicine. Universiti Sains Malaysia. 

Ozer, E. J., Wanis, M. G., & Bazell, N. (2010). Diffusion of School-Based Prevention Programs in Two Urban Districts: Adaptations, Rationales, and Suggestions for Change. Prev Sci, 11(42–55). 

Panduan Pelaksanaan Pendidikan Pencegahan Dadah di Sekolah. (2016). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. 

Payton, J. W., Wardlaw, D. M., Graczyk, P. A., Bloodworth, M. R., Tompsett, C. J., & Weissberg, R. P. (2000). Social and Emotional Learning: A Framework for Promoting Mental Health and Reducing Risk Behavior in Children and Youth. Journal of School Health, 70(5). 

Pim Cuijpers. (2002). Effective ingredients of school-based drug prevention programs. A systematic review. Addict Behav, 27(6): 1009-23. doi:  10.1016/s0306-4603(02)00295-2 

Powell, C. (2003). The Delphi Techniques: Myths and Realities. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 41(4): 376-382. 

Puteri Hayati Megat Ahmad, Habibie Ibrahim, Nurul Hudani Md Nawi, Norzihan Ayub & Azreel Azim Abdul Alim. (2020). Community Empowerment: Kesedaran Masyarakat Berkaitan Penyalahgunaan Dadah di Sabah Dan Sarawak. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia, 12(1).  

Qiu Ting Chie, Cai Lian Tam, Bonn, G., Chee Piau Wong, Hoang Minh Dang, & Khairuddin, R. (2015). Drug Abuse, Relapse, And Prevention Education in Malaysia: Perspective of University Students Through a Mixed Methods Approach. Front. Psychiatry, 6(65).  

Quinn, Magee, M., Osher, David, Hoffman, Catherine C., Hanley, & Tom V. (1998).  Safe, Drug-Free, and Effective Schools for ALL Students: What Works! American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC. Center for Effective Collaboration and Practice. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED430364 

Ratts, M. J., & Hutchins, A. M. (2009). ACA advocacy competencies: Social justice advocacy at the client/student level. Journal of Counseling & Development, 87: 269-275.  

Reinhardt University Drug-Free Schools and Campuses Regulations, EDGAR Part 86 (2015). 

Ren, M. & Lotfipour, S. (2019). Nicotine Gateway Effects on Adolescent Substance Use. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine: Integrating Emergency Care with Population Health, 20(5).  

Renee Tan, Anne Yee, Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Mas Ayu Said, Mahmoud Danaee, & Ahai Chang Lua. (2018). Effects of A School-Based Substance Use Prevention Program on Students In Malaysia. JUMMEC, 21(1). 

Renee Tan, Anne, Y., Ahmad Hatim Sulaiman, Mas Ayu Said, Mahmoud Danaee, & Ahai C. L. (2018). Effects of a School-Based Substance Use Prevention Program on Students In Malaysia. JUMMEC, 21(1). 

Richards, J. A. & Johnson, M. P. (2014). Combining Constructs from the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Extended Parallel Process Model to Predict Exercise Intentions. SAGE Open, 1–12. 

Richey, R. C., & Klein, J. (2007). Design and Development Research Methods, Strategies, and Issues. Mahwah, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers. 

Rigga, K. K. & Menendez, K. M. (2018). Drug Prevention Programmes in Schools: Selecting Programmes Providers. Health Education Journal, 77(5) 586–597 

Romer, D. (2016). Drug prevention in schools: Mandatory Random Drug Testing (MRDT).  

Ronoh, K. C. (2014). Effectiveness Of Drug and Substance Abuse Prevention Programs In Selected Public And Private Universities In Kenya. [Doctor Of Philosophy Thesis, Kenyatta University]. Search Works Catalog. https://ir-library.ku.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/123456789/12096/effectiveness%20of%20drug%20and%20substance%20abuse%20prevention%20programs%20....pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y 

Rozmi Ismail, Noh Amit, Norhayati Ibrahim, Mohd Ajib Abdul Razak, Mohd Nasir Selamat, Noordeyana Tambi, Nor Azri Ahmad & Nurul Shafini Shafurdin. (2019). Penilaian Keberkesanan Program SHEILDS Menggunakan Pendekatan Pra Dan Pasca Program. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia. 

Sabitha Marican, Mahmood Nazar Mohamed, & Muhammad Dzahir Kasa. (2013). Keberkesanan Program SHIELDS Dalam Mencegah Penyalahgunaan Dadah Dalam Kalangan Remaja Berisiko. Jurnal Antidadah Malaysia. 

Sacca, L., Markham, C., & Fares, J. (2020). Using Intervention Mapping to Develop Health Education and Health Policy Components to Increase Breast Cancer Screening and Chemotherapy Adherence Among Syrian and Iraqi Refugee Women in Beirut, Lebanon. Front. Public Health, 8:101. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00101  

Saeedah Siraj, Muhamad Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah & Rozaini Mohamad Rozkee. (2021). Pendekatan Penyelidikan Rekabentuk dan Pembangunan: Aplikasi kepada Penyelidikan Pendidikan. UPSI Press. 

Sanchez, M., Valente, J. Y., Sanudo, A., Pereira, A. P. D., Cruz, J. I., Schneider, D. & Andreoni, S. (2017). The #Tamojunto Drug Prevention Program in Brazilian Schools: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Society for Prevention Research. 

Sharifah Shahida Syed Muhsin, & Nurul Jannah Mohd Juaini. (2019). The Involvement of Malay Adolescents in Crime: Research on Residents of Asrama Akhlak Rusila, Marang. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 8(2S3). 

Shek & Sun. (2011). The Project P.A.T.H.S. in Hong Kong—Lessons Learned and Implications for Positive Youth Development Programs. The Scientific World Journal, 2012(687536). 

Shubashini, G., Izran Sarrazin, M., Jawahar, N. L., Abdul Hakim, M., & Gunavathy, K. (2015). The Identification of Design Formaintainability Imperatives to Achieve Cost Effective Building Maintenance: A Delphi Study. Jurnal Teknologi, 77(30): 75-88. 

Sidek Mohd Noah, & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan Modul: Bagaimana Membina Modul Latihan dan Modul Akademik. Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. 

Siti Nubailah Mohd Yusof, Ahmad Shamimi Abu Bakar & Rezki Perdani Sawai. (2019). The Relationship Between Parenting Style and The Risk of Drug Abuse Among Youth. Journal of Islamic Social Sciences and Humanities, 21: 25-35. 

Siti Raba'ah, Turiman, & Azim. (2017). Literasi Kesihatan Remaja Malaysia. 

Sorensen G, Gupta PC, Nagler E, Viswanath K (2012) Promoting Life Skills and Preventing Tobacco Use among Low-Income Mumbai Youth: Effects of Salaam Bombay Foundation Intervention. PLoS ONE, 7(4) 

Stead M., MacKintosh A. M., McDermott, L., Eadie D., Macneil M., Stradling R., Minty S. (2007). Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Drug Education in Scottish Schools. Scottish Executive. 

Stone, A. L., Becker, L. G., Huber, A. M., & Catalano, R. F. (2012). Review of Risk and Protective Factors Oo Substance Use and Problem Use In Emerging Adulthood. Addictive Behaviors, 37: 747–775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.014.  

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: A Guide to SAMHSA’s Strategic Prevention Framework. (2019). Rockville, MD: Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. 

Sumnall, H. (2016). Guiding effective and cost-effective prevention in practice, PowerPoint presentation, Public Health Institute, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool 

Sundqvist, E., Backlund, F., Chronéer, D. (2014). What Is Project Efficiency and Effectiveness? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 119: 278 – 287. 

Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management, 5(2): 18-27 

Tang. C. W. & Wu, C. T. (2010). Obtaining a Picture of Undergraduate Education Quality: a Voice From Inside The University. Higher Education. 60: 269-286. 

Thaker, S., Steckler, A., Sa´nchez, V., Shereen Khatapoush, Rose, J., & Hallfors, D. D. (2007). Program Characteristics and Organizational Factors Affecting The Implementation Of a School-Based Indicated Prevention Program. Health Education Research, 23(2): 238–248. 

The European Prevention Standards Partnership (2015). EDPQS Prevention Position Paper: Defining “drug prevention” and “quality”. Liverpool: Centre for Public Health. 

Tobler, N.S. (2000). Lessons Learned. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 20(4). 

Tuckman, Bruce W. & Waheed, Mohammed A. (1981). Evaluating an Individualized Science Program for Community College Students. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 18(6):489-95. 

Victoria State Government. (2019). Drug Education. Retrieved from https://www.education.vic.gov.au/school/teachers/teachingresources/discipline/physed/Pages/drugeducation.aspx 

Vieira, A. H., & Leles, C. R. (2014). Exploring Motivations to Seek And Undergo Prosthodontic Care: An Empirical Approach Using The Theory Of Planned Behavior Construct. Dove Press Journal, 8 1215–1221. 

Vizeshfara, F., Momennasaba, M., Yektatalabb, S., & Imanc, M. T. (2017). Evaluation of The Effectiveness of a First Aid Health Volunteers’ Training Programme Using Kirkpatrick’s Model: A Pilot Study. Health Education Journal: 1–8  

Wade-Mdivanian, R., Anderson-Butcher, D., Newman, T. J., Smock, D. E. R. J., & Christie, S. (2016). Exploring the Long-Term Impact of a Positive Youth Development-Based Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drug Prevention Program.  

Walizer, M. H. & Wienir, P. L. (1978). Research Method and Analysis: Searching for Relationship. New York N. Y, Harper & Row. 

Waltz, C. W., & Bausell, R. B. (1981). Nursing Research Design, Statistics and Computer Analysis. Philadelphia, PA F.A. Davis. 

Wan Anor Wan Sulaiman, Wan Nur Fatini Wan Anor, & Wan Nazilah Wan Othman, Adi Fahrudin. (2018). Pelaksanaan dan Keberkesanan Program Penyalahgunaan Dadah dalam kalangan Pelajar di Sekolah-Sekolah Menengah di Gabungan Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Asian Social Work Journal, 3(4): 36-41 

Warren, F. (2016). ‘What Works’ in Drug Education and Prevention? Health and Social Care Analysis, Scottish Government.  

Wiersma, W. (2000). Research Methods in Education: An Introduction (7th Ed). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. 

Wyn, J., Cahill, H., Carson, S., Holdsworth, R., & Rowling, L. (2000). MindMatters, A Whole School Approach Promoting Mental Health and Well-Being. Australian And New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 34(4): 594-601. 

Zaidatun, T. & Mohd Salleh, A. (2003). Analisis Data Berkomputer. Spss 11.5 for Windows. Kuala Lumpur. Venton Publishing (M) Sdn. Bhd. 

Zavela. K. J. (2002). Developing Effective School-based Drug Abuse Prevention Programs. Am J Health Behav, 26(4): 252-265. 

Zhong, A., Darren, B., Loiseau, B., Li Qun Betty He, Chang, T., Hill, J., & Dimaras, H. (2018). Ethical, Social, and Cultural Issues Related to Clinical Genetic Testing And Counseling In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review. Genetics in Medicine. 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries with this repository, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or Whatsapp +60163630263 (Office hours only)