UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of smart learning environment (SLE)
on behavioral intention (IUSL) in UAE education. Besides, this study also aimed to test
the mediation effect of perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) in
the relationship between SLE and IUSL in UAE education. This study applied a
quantitative research approach. The questionnaires were used for data collection. The
respondents were chosen by using a simple random sampling technique, which
comprised students from UAE secondary schools. Data analysis was performed on the
387 valid questionnaires by using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory
factor analysis (CFA), and structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings revealed
that 68% (R2 =0.68) variation in IUSL is explained by SLE, PU and PEOU. The specific
findings showed that SLE has a significant effect on IUSL (β=0.505, p=0.020), SLE
has a significant effect on PU (β=0.980, p=0.000), SLE has a significant effect on
PEOU (β =0.985, p=0.000), PU has a significant effect on IUSL (β =0.163, p=0.023),
and PEOU has a significant effect on IUSL (β=0.985, p=0.000). The findings also
revealed that PU partially mediates the relationship between SLE and IUSL. However,
PEOU fully mediates the relationship between SLE and IUSL. This study provides an
immeasurable contribution mostly to academia and practitioner. This study offers an
expanded technology acceptance model for smart learning environment that could
assist researchers in adopting management practices. Besides, this study provides a
guideline for the establishment of a smart learning environment for positive behavior
among students in the UAE education context. |
References |
(2020) Teaching in the United Arab Emirates: 10 Lessons from TALIS. rep. OECD. Available at: https://doi.org/https://www.oecd.org/education/talis/Teaching_in_the_UAE-10_Lessons_from_TALIS.pdf. A blended learning model with IoT-based technology: effectively used when the COVID-19 pandemic? Abdallah (2018). Parents perception of e-learning in Abu Dhabi schools in United Arab Emirates. International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 4(10), 30-41. AbuSneineh & Zairi (2017). An evaluation framework for E-learning effectiveness in the Arab World. ADEC (2015). ADEC public school manual. (2015, March 28) Retrieved from https://portal.adec.ac.ae. ADEC (2017). Education in Abu Dhabi. https://www.adek.abudhabi.ae/en/AboutADEC/Pages/default.aspx. ADEC (2020). The foundation of the new school model: teacher’s guidebook. Retrieved from: https://www.adec.ac.ae/en/mediacenter/publications/teachers-guide-partA.pdf. Aguinis, H. and Vandenberg, R.J. (2014). An Ounce of Prevention Is Worth a Pound of Cure: Improving Research Quality Before Data Collection. Annual Review Organizational Psychology Organizational Behavior, Vol.1, No.1, p.569–595. Ahmed (2018). English in the Arab Gulf. Asian Journal of University Education, 6(1), 1-12. Ain, N., Kaur, K., & Waheed, M. (2016). The influence of learning value on learning management system use: An extension of UTAUT2. Information Development, 32(5), 1306-1321. AL Fadhli (2018). Students’ Perceptions of E-learning in Arab Society: Kuwait University as a case study. E-Learning, Vol. 5(4), pp. 418-428. Available at: http:// www.wwwords.co.uk/ELEA., Al Falasi & Alzouebi (2019). Assessing Attitudes towards Career Guidance in Public Girls’ Schools in the United Arab Emirates: Practices and Challenges. Journal of Teaching and Teacher Education, 7(2). Alawani (2019). Wamda: A Smart Mobile Learning System for UAE Teachers. In Cases on Smart Learning Environments (pp. 203-226). IGI Global. Al-Emran, M., Mezhuyev, V., & Kamaludin, A. (2018). Technology Acceptance Model in M-learning context: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 125, 389-412. Al-Harbi, K.R.A-S. (2010). Investigating Factors Influencing the Adoption of E-learning: Saudi Students Perspective. PhD thesis, (Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Leicester), University of Leicester, School of Education. Alhebsi, A., Pettaway, L. D. and Waller, L. (2015). A History of Education in the United Arab Emirates and Trucial Sheikdoms. The Global e-Learning journal, Vol. 4(1), pp. 1-6. Al-Issa, A. & Dahan, L. S. (2011) Global English and endangered Arabic in the United Arab Emirates. In A. Al-Issa & L. S. Dahan (Eds.) Global English and Arabic: Issues of language, culture, and identity (pp.1-22). Oxford: Peter Lang. Aljaber, Z. (2016). Advancing Education: Using Mobile Electronics to Deliver Communication, M.Sc. thesis submitted to graduate school, the Fort Hays State University. Retrieved: https://scholars.fhsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1021&context=theses. Alkaabi, S., Albion, P. & Redmond, P. (2017). Social network misuse in the classroom and its impact on the male students in UAE tertiary education. IAFOR Journal of Education, 5, 115-131. Al-kharang, M. M. & Ghinea, G. (2013). E-learning in higher educational institutions in Kuwait: Experiences and Challenges. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, 4 (4), 1-6. Alkis, N., Coskunçay, D. F., & Yildirim, S. Ö. (2014, September). A systematic review of Technology Acceptance Model in e-learning context. In Proceedings of the XV International Conference on Human Computer Interaction (pp. 1-5). Allehaiby, W. H. (2013) Arabizi: An analysis of the Romanization of the Arabic script from a sociolinguistic perspective. Arab World English Journal, 4, 52-62. Almaiah, M. A., Jalil, M. A., & Man, M. (2016). Extending the TAM to examine the effects of quality features on mobile learning acceptance. Journal of Computers in Education, 3(4), 453-485. Al-Qaysi, N., & Al-Emran, M. (2017). Code-switching usage in social media: a case study from Oman. International Journal of Information Technology and Language Studies, 1(1), 25-38. Al-Qaysi, N., Mohamad-Nordin, N., & Al-Emran, M. (2020). A systematic review of social media acceptance from the perspective of educational and information systems theories and models. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 57(8), 2085-2109. Alrawi, M. (1996). Education in the UAE. Abu Dhabi, UAE: Alflah. Alsabawy, A. Y., Cater-Steel, A. & Soar, J. (2011, July). Measuring e-learning system success. In Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS 2011, July) (pp. 1-15). Retrieved: https://aisel.aisnet.org/pacis2011. Alseddiqi, M., Mishra, R. and Asim, M. T. (2012). "Development of an Extended Information Quality Framework for E-learning System Content for Engineering Education", In Learning with Mobile Technologies, Handheld Devices, and Smart Phones: Innovative Methods. Hershey, PA, USA: IGI Global. pp. 162-170, ISBN 9781466609365. Altman, D. G., & Bland, J. M. (2005). Standard deviations and standard errors. British Medical Journal, 331(7521), 903. Amaratunga, D., D. Baldry, M. Sashar, and R. Newton. (2002). Quantitative and qualitative research in built environment: Application of "mixed" research approach. Work Study, Vol. 51, No.1, p.17-31. Ananiadou, K. Claro, M. (2009). 21st century skills and competences for new millennium learners in OECD countries. OECD Education Working Papers, vol. 41. Ananiadou, K., & Claro, M. (2009). 21st century skills and competences for new millennium learners in OECD countries. Anderson, D. R., Sweeney, D. J., Williams, T. A., Camm, J. D., & Cochran, J. J. (2018). An introduction to management science: quantitative approach. Cengage learning. Anderson, L. W. and Krathwohl, D. R., et al (Eds.) (2001) A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing: A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives. Allyn & Bacon. Boston, MA (Pearson Education Group). Andersson, A. (2008). Seven Major Challenges for E-Learning in Developing Countries Case Study eBIT, Sri Lanka. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2008, Vol. 4 (3), pp. 45-62. Ardani Wayan (2019) Customer Satisfaction and Behavioral intention: Investigation Factors Influencing Behavioral Intention of Online –Duty free users Asiamah, N., Mensah, H. K., & Oteng-Abayie, E. F. (2017). General, target, and accessible population: Demystifying the concepts for effective sampling. The Qualitative Report, 22(6), 1607. Babbie, E. (1990). Survey research methods. 2nd ed. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. Bagozzi, R. P., Davis, F. D., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Development and test of a theory of technological learning and usage. Human relations, 45(7), 659-686. Bain, L. Z. (2015). How students use technology to cheat and what faculty can do about it. Information Systems Education Journal, 13(5), 92–99. Balakrishnan, V. (2017). Key determinants for intention to use social media for learning in higher education institutions. Universal access in the information society, 16(2), 289-301. Banathy, B. H., & Jenlink, P. M. (2013). Systems inquiry and its application in education. In Handbook of research on educational communications and technology (pp. 49-69). Routledge. Baraldi, A. N., & Enders, C. K. (2010). An introduction to modern missing data analyses. Journal of school psychology, 48(1), 5-37. Barnett, S. M. and Ceci, S. J. (2002). When and where do we apply what we learn?: A taxonomy for far transfer. Psychol. Bull. 128(4), 612. Barone, T. & Eisner, E. (2006). Arts-Based Educational Research. In Green, J., Camilli, G., & Elmore, P. (Eds.), Complementary methods in educational research. Washington, DC: American Educational Research Association. Bartlett, M. S. (1954). A note on the multiplying factors for various .2 approximations. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series B (Methodological), 296-298. Bdiwi, R., de Runz, C., Faiz, S., & Cherif, A. A. (2019). Smart Learning Environment: Teacher's Role in Assessing Classroom Attention. Research in Learning Technology, 27. Beard, D., Schweiger, D., & Surendran, K. (2019). Integrating soft skills assessment through university, college, and programmatic efforts at an AACSB accredited institution. Journal of Information Systems Education, 19(2), 11. Bell, S. (1999). A beginner's guide to uncertainty of measurement. Measurement good practice guide, 11, 1. Benavot, A. (2011). Improving the provision of quality education: Perspectives from textbook research. Journal of International Cooperation in Education, 14(2), 1-16. Bennett, S. Maton, K., and Kervin, L. (2008). The ‘digital natives’ debate: a critical review of the evidence. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 39(5), 775–786. Berger, A. A. (2018). Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. Sage Publications. Biersteker, L., Dawes, A., Hendricks, L., & Tredoux, C. (2016). Center-based early childhood care and education program quality: A South African study. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 36, 334-344. Bird, D. K. (2009). The use of questionnaires for acquiring information on public perception of natural hazards and risk mitigation-a review of current knowledge and practice. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 9(4), 1307. Blanca, M. J., Arnau, J., López-Montiel, D., Bono, R., & Bendayan, R. (2013). Skewness and kurtosis in real data samples. Methodology. Blau, I. (2011). Being a smart teacher in a "Smart classroom": Assessing teacher professional development for incorporating Interactive Whiteboard at schools. In Y. Eshet-Alkalai, A. Caspi, & S. Eden (Eds.), Learning in the Technological Era (pp. 63-74). Retrieved: http://www.ijello.org/Volume7/IJELLOv7p275-289Blau758.pdf. Bloom, B. & Krathwohl, D. (1956). Taxonomy of Educational Objectives: The Classification of Educational Goals, by a committee of college and university examiners. Handbook I: Cognitive Domain. NY, NY: Longmans, Green. Boholano, H. (2017). Smart social networking: 21st century teaching and learning skills. Research in Pedagogy, 7(1), 21-29. Borawska-Kalbarczyk, K., Tolwinska, B., & Korzeniecka-Bondar, A. (2019). From smart teaching to smart learning in the fast-changing digital world. In Didactics of smart pedagogy (pp. 23-39). Springer, Cham. Brazier, D. (1993). The necessary condition is love: Going beyond self in the person-centred approach. Beyond Carl Rogers, 72-91. Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992). Alternative ways of assessing model fit. Sociological methods & research, 21(2), 230-258. Brusilovsky, P., Malmi, L., Hosseini, R., Guerra, J., Sirkiä, T., & Pollari-Malmi, K. (2018). An integrated practice system for learning programming in Python: design and evaluation. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning, 13(1), 18. Budhrani, K., Ji, Y., & Lim, J. H. (2018). Unpacking conceptual elements of smart learning in the Korean scholarly discourse. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 23-49. Burns, A. C., Bush, R. F. & Sinha, N. (2000). Marketing research (pp. 599-602). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Carlson, B. (2009). School self-evaluation and the ‘critical friend’s perspective. Educational Research and Review, 4(3), 78-85. Carvalho, J. d., & Chima, F. O. (2014). Applications of Structural Equation Modeling in Social Sciences Research. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, Vol. 4, No. 1, p.6-11. Cavana, R. Y., B. L. Delahaye, and U. Sekaran. (2001). Applied business research: Qualitative and quantitative methods, 3rd ed. Milton, Qld: John Wiley & Sons. Chamorro-Premuzic, T., & Furnham, A. (2003). Personality traits and academic examination performance. European journal of Personality, 17(3), 237-250. Chan, Y. H. (2003). Biostatistics 104: correlational analysis. Singapore Med J, 44(12), 614-9. Chatterjee, S., & Yilmaz, M. R. (1992). Chaos, fractals and statistics. Statistical Science, 7(1), 49-68. Chatti, M. A., Agustiawan, M. R., Jarke, M., & Specht, M. (2010). Toward a personal learning environment framework. International Journal of Virtual and Personal Learning Environments (IJVPLE), 1(4), 66-85. Chaudron, S., Di Gioia, R., & Gemo, M. (2018). Young Children (0-8) and Digital Technology: A Qualitative Study across Europe. [EUR 29070]. European Union. doi, 10, 294383. Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M., & Chen, N. S. (2018). Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 1. Chen, H. R., & Tseng, H. F. (2012). Factors that influence acceptance of web-based e-learning system for the in-service education of junior high school teachers in Taiwan. Evaluation and Program Planning, 35, 398– 406. Chen, N. S., Cheng, I. L., & Chew, S. W. (2016). Evolution is not enough: Revolutionizing current learning environments to smart learning environments. International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education, 26(2), 561-581. Cheng, J., Edwards, L. J., Maldonado-Molina, M. M., Komro, K. A., & Muller, K. E. (2010). Real longitudinal data analysis for real people: building a good enough mixed model. Statistics in medicine, 29(4), 504-520. Cheng. M Chao (2019) Factors determining the Behavioral Intention to Use Mobile Learning: An Application and Extension of the UTAUT Model. Frontiers in Psychology.10 DO1:10.3389 Cheung, S.K. et al. (2021) “Shaping the future learning environments with smart elements: Challenges and opportunities,” International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(1). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00254-1. Chi, Y., Qin, Y., Song, R. & Xu, H. (2018). Knowledge Graph in Smart Education: A Case Study of Entrepreneurship Scientific Publication Management. Sustainability 2018, 10(4), 995-1009; doi: 10.3390/su10040995. Chikwiri, E., & Musiyiwa, J. (2017). Challenges and Gaps in Children's Transition from Early Childhood Development to Grade One in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 9(7), 91-102. Choi, J. W. and Lee, Y. J. (2012). The Status of SMART Education in KOREA. World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications. 2012 (1): 175-178. Chung, H. H., Chen, S. C., & Kuo, M. H. (2015). A study of EFL college students’ acceptance of mobile learning. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 176, 333-339. Clarke, M. (2006). Beyond antagonism? The discursive construction of “new” teachers in the United Arab Emirates. Teaching Education, 17(3), 225-237. Coakes, E., Amar, A. D., & Luisa Granados, M. (2010). Knowledge management, strategy, and technology: a global snapshot. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 23(3), 282-304. Coghlan, D. (2019). Doing action research in your own organization. SAGE Publications Limited. Collins, R. (2019). The credential society: An historical sociology of education and stratification. Columbia University Press. Collis, J. & Hussey, R. (2003). Business Research: a Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students, Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke. Cooper, D.R. and Schindler, P.S. (2003). Business Research Methods. 8th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, Boston. Creswell, J. W., Plano Clark, V. L., Gutmann, M. L., & Hanson, W. E. (2003). Advanced mixed methods research designs. Handbook of mixed methods in social and behavioural research, 209, 240. Creswell, J.W. and Tashakkori, A. (2007). Differing perspectives on mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, Vol. 1, No. 4, p.303-308. Creswell, J.W., and Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th). Sage Publications, Michigan, USA. Crotty, M. (1998). The foundations of social research; Meaning and perspective in the research process. London: SAGE Publications. Retrieved: https://www.google.com/search?ei=bfXRWrmuDczUvgT-05ToCw&q. Cynthia, L. S. (2015). The futures of learning 3: what kind of pedagogies for the 21st century. Education Research and Foresight Working Papers, United Nations Cultural Organization, 1-2. Dabbagh, N., & Reo, R. (2011). Back to the future: Tracing the roots and learning affordances of social software. In Web 2.0-based e-learning: Applying social informatics for tertiary teaching (pp. 1-20). IGI Global. Dalton, E. M., McKenzie, J-A., Kahonde, C. (2012). The implementation of inclusive education in South Africa: Reflections arising from a workshop for teachers and therapists to introduce Universal Design for Learning. African Journal of Disability, 1(1), 13-19. Daniela, L. (2019). Smart Pedagogy for Technology-Enhanced Learning. In Didactics of Smart Pedagogy (pp. 3-21). Springer, Cham. Daniela, L., & Lytras, M. D. (2018). SMART pedagogy :( Re) defining pedagogy. In Learning strategies and constructionism in modern education settings (pp. 1-15). IGI Global. Dascalu, M. I., Bodea, C. N., Moldoveanu, A., Mohora, A., Lytras, M., & de Pablos, P. O. (2015). A recommender agent based on learning styles for better virtual collaborative learning experiences. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 243-253. Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS quarterly, 319-340. Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: a comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982-1003. De Groot, A. D., & Spiekerman, J. A. (2020). Methodology: Foundations of inference and research in the behavioral sciences (Vol. 6). Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J. P., Altman, D. G., & Cochrane Statistical Methods Group. (2019). Analyzing data and undertaking meta-analyses. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, 241-284. Delacre, M., Leys, C., Mora, Y. L., & Lakens, D. (2019). Taking parametric assumptions seriously: Arguments for the use of Welch’s F-test instead of the classical F-test in one-way ANOVA. International Review of Social Psychology, 32(1). Denzin, N. K., & Lincoln, Y. S. (2003). The Landscape of Qualitative Research: Theories and Issues (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Department of Industrial Educational and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Educational and Technology, King Mongkut Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand 2149-360X/ © 2020 Published by YoungWise Pub. Ltd Dess, G. G., & Robinson Jr., R. B. (1984). Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: The case of the privately-held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 5, No. 3, p.265-273. Dillman, D. A. (1978). Mail and telephone surveys: The total design method. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J.D., and Christian, L.M. (2009). Internet, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons. Dron, J. (2018). Smart learning environments, and not so smart learning environments: A systems view. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 1-20. Dumpit, D. Z., & Fernandez, C. J. (2017). Analysis of the use of social media in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) using the Technology Acceptance Model. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14(1), 5. Duval, E. (2011). Attention please!: learning analytics for visualization and recommendation. In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge, Banff, AB, Canada, 27 Februry-01 March 2011. Dzhambov, A. M., Browning, M. H., Markevych, I., Hartig, T., & Lercher, P. (2020). Analytical approaches to testing pathways linking greenspace to health: A scoping review of the empirical literature. Environmental Research, 109613. Eagan, M. K., Hurtado, S., Chang, M. J., Garcia, G. A., Herrera, F. A., and Garibay, J. C. (2013). Making a difference in science education: The impact of undergraduate research program. American Educational Research Journal, 50(4), 683–713. Eaton, S. E. (2010). Global Trends in Language Learning in the 21st Century, Calgary: Onate Press. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED510276.pdf. Eickmann, P., Kolb, A., & Kolb, D.A. (2004). Designing learning. In R. J. Boland & F. Collopy (Eds.), Managing as designing (pp. 241-247). Stanford: Stanford University Press. El Miedany, Y. (2019). How to Be a Good Educator. In Rheumatology Teaching (pp. 475-495). Springer, Cham. Elazhary, H. (2019). Internet of Things (IoT), mobile cloud, cloudlet, mobile IoT, IoT cloud, fog, mobile edge, and edge emerging computing paradigms: Disambiguation and research directions. Journal of Network and Computer Applications, 128, 105-140. El-Gamal, S. and Abd El Aziz, R. (2011). The Perception of Students Regarding E-Learning Implementation in Egyptian Universities. The Case of Arab Academy for Science and Technology. Proceeding of eL&mL 2011: The Third International Conference on Mobile, Hybrid, and On-line Learning, February 2011, 1-5. Retrieved from file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/elml_2011_1_10_50007.pdf Elhoseny, H., Elhoseny, M., Abdelrazek, S., & Riad, A. M. (2017). Evaluating Learners’ Progress in Smart Learning Environment. Paper presented in Proceedings of the International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Systems and Informatics, Egypt. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319404314_Evaluating_Learners'_Progress_in_Smart_Learning_Environment. Elkaseh, A. M., Wong, K. W., & Fung, C. C. (2016). Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of social media for e-learning in Libyan higher education: A structural equation modeling analysis. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 6(3), 192. Emory, C. W., and D. R. Cooper. 1991. Business research methods. Fourth ed. Boston: Irwin. Eränpalo, T., Jorgenson, C., Woolsey, L. M. (2016). The Abu Dhabi school model: Effective delivery of the curriculum. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 8(6), 24-35. Erickson, F. (1986). Qualitative methods in research on teaching. Edited by M.C. Whitlock, 3rd Ed., Handbook of research teaching by a project of American Educational Research Association, MacMillan, NY. Esterberg, K.G. (2002). Qualitative Methods in Social Research. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill. Evans, A. 2016. The Top Ten Challenges of Implementing New Technology. EdTech and Data, http://www.gettingsmart.com/2013/08/the-top-ten-challenges-of-implementing-new-technology/ Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2012). Requirements for and Decisions in Choosing Exploratory Common Factor Analysis. Exploratory factor analysis, 19-38. Fahim, M., & Eslamdoost, S. (2014). Critical Thinking: Frameworks and Models for Teaching. English Language Teaching, 7(7), 141-151. Fiorella, L. and Mayer, R.E. (2015). Eight Ways to Promote Generative Learning. Educational Psychology Review, 2015, pp. 1–25. Fiorella, L., & Mayer, R. E. (2016). Eight ways to promote generative learning. Educational Psychology Review, 28(4), 717-741. Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219-245. Fox, J., & Weisberg, S. (2018). An R companion to applied regression. Sage publications. Francis, E. B., Senyefia, B. A., & Joseph, O. (2020). Modeling macroeconomic variables using principal component analysis and multiple linear regression: The case of Ghana’s economy. Journal of Business and Economic Development, 5(1), 1-9. Frankfort-Nachmias, C., and D. Nachmias (1992). Research methods in the social sciences. 4th ed. New York: St. Martin's Press. Frau-Meigs, D. (2012). Trans-literacy as the new research horizon for media and information literacy. Media Studies, 3(6), 14-27. Frazer, L., and M. Lawley (2000). Questionnaire design and administration. Brisbane, Australia: John Wiley & Sons. Frazer, L., and M. Lawley (2000). Questionnaire design and administration. Brisbane, Australia: John Wiley & Sons. Freigang, S., Schlenker, L., & Köhler, T. (2018). A conceptual framework for designing smart learning environments. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 27. Friesen, N., & Lowe, S. (2012). The questionable promise of social media for education: Connective learning and the commercial imperative. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 28(3), 183-194. Frimpon, M.F. (2012). A Re-Structuring of the Critical Success Factors for E-Learning Deployment. American International Journal of Contemporary Research, Vol. 2 (3), pp.115-123. Gaad E, Arif M & Scott F. (2006). System analysis of the UAE education system, International Journal of Educational Management, 20 (4), 291-303. Galil, T. E. A. (2014). The Mohammed bin Rashid's Smart Learning Program (SLP) Initiative in the Ministry of Education and its impact on English language performance in Cycle2 Classes, in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) (Doctoral dissertation, The British University in Dubai (BUiD)). Galipeau, J., Cobey, K. D., Barbour, V., Baskin, P., Bell-Syer, S., Deeks, J., & Winker, M. (2017). An international survey and modified Delphi process revealed editors’ perceptions, training needs, and ratings of competency-related statements for the development of core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals. F1000Research, 6, 1634-1648. Garira, E. (2020). A Proposed Unified Conceptual Framework for Quality of Education in Schools. SAGE Open, 10(1), 2158244019899445. Garira, E., Howie, S., & Plomp, T. (2019). An analysis of quality of education and its evaluation: A case of Zimbabwean primary schools. South African Journal of Education, 39(2). Gaymard, S., & Maurin, M. (2017). Rank ordering of questionnaire items using Wilks’s statistic: an example of application to three populations. Cross-Cultural Communication, 13(1), 1-9. Gerald, B. (2018). A brief review of independent, dependent and one sample t-test. International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, 4(2), 50-54. Giannini, M. (2015). Organization and quality in school education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1735-1739. Goodwin, D. D. (1995). Effect of matching student and instructor learning style preferences on academic achievement in English. Dissertation Abstracts International, 57(3), 997-A. Goodyear, P., & Markauskaite, L. (2009, July). Teachers’ design knowledge, epistemic fluency and reflections on students’ experiences. In Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia (HERDSA) Conference, Darwin, Australia. Graf, S., Kinshuk, K. B., Khan, F. A., Maguire, P., Mahmoud, A., Rambharose, T., & Zhang, Q. (2012). Adaptivity and personalization in learning systems based on students’ characteristics and context. In The 1st international symposium on smart learning environment (pp. 33-36). Greener, S. (2018). Research limitations: the need for honesty and common sense. Interactive Learning Environments, 26(5), 567-568. Gros, B. (2016). The design of smart educational environments. Smart Learning Environments, 3(1), 15-26. Grynkewich, L.G. (1995). A study of relationship between student learning styles and performance in Introductory Chemistry, Dissertation Abstracts International, 56(2), 505. Guarini, M. R., Battisti, F., & Chiovitti, A. (2018). A methodology for the selection of multi-criteria decision analysis methods in real estate and land management processes. Sustainability, 10(2), 507. Guba, E.G. and Lincoln, Y.S. (2005). Paradigmatic controversies, contradictions and emerging confluences. The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research, ed. N.K. Denzin and Y.S. Lincoln, Thousand Oaks, CA. Gubrium J. F. and Holstein J. A. (1997). The New Language of Qualitative Method. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Günal, Y., & Demirtasli, R. N. (2016). A Pathway to Educational Accountability: The Relationship between Effective School Characteristics and Student Achievement. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 4(9), 2049-2054. Gwak, D. (2010). The meaning and predict of Smart Learning. Smart Learning Korea Proceeding, Korean e-Learning Industry Association. Hacatrjana, L. (2019). Using Technologies to Teach Different Age Groups Meaningfully. In Didactics of Smart Pedagogy (pp. 95-111). Springer, Cham. Hair Jr, J. F. (2006). Successful strategies for teaching multivariate statistics. In Proceedings of the 7th international conference on teaching statistics. Hair, J. F., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L., & William, C. (1998). Black (1998). Multivariate data analysis, 5, 87-135. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: Global edition, New Jersey, Pearson Prentice Hall. Hair, J. F., Celsi, M., Ortinau, D. J., & Bush, R. P. (2008). Essentials of marketing research. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill/Higher Education. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2014). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Thousand Oaks: Sage. Hair, J. F., R. B. Bush, and D. J. Ortinau. (2003). Marketing research within a changing information environment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed a silver bullet. Journal of Marketing theory and Practice, 19(2), 139-152. Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2011). PLS-SEW: Indeed a Silver Bullet. The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, Vol. 19, No. 2, p.139-152. Hair, J.E., Hult, T.M., Ringle, C.M., and Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA. Halaweh, M. (2017). Using mobile technology in the classroom: A reflection based on teaching experience in UAE. Tech Trends, 61(3), 218-222. Halim, A. H., Zain, Z. M., Su-Luan, W. & Atan, H. (2005). The Taxonomical Analysis of Science Educational Software in Malaysian Smart Schools. Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology, August 2005, 106-113. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.133.3412&rep=rep1&type=pdf. Hanafizadeh, P., Behboudi, M., Khoshksaray, A., & Shirkhani Tabar, M. (2014). Mobile banking adoption by Iranian bank clients. Telematics and Informatics, 31(1), 62–78. Hanson, J., Paliwal, K., Litfin, T., Yang, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2018). Accurate prediction of protein contact maps by coupling residual two-dimensional bidirectional long short-term memory with convolutional neural networks. Bioinformatics, 34(23), 4039-4045. Hargis, J., Cavanaugh, C., Kamali, T., & Soto, M. (2013). A federal higher education iPad mobile learning initiative: Triangulation of data to determine early effectiveness. Journal of Innovation in Higher Education, 39(1). Haviland, W. A., Prins, H. E., McBride, B., & Walrath, D. (2013). Cultural anthropology: The human challenge. Cengage Learning. Hazari, S., North, A., & Moreland, D. (2019). Investigating pedagogical value of wiki technology. Journal of Information Systems Education, 20(2), 8. Heift, T. Schultz, M. (2007). Human-computer interaction in language learning. Errors and intelligence in Education, 40, 23-38. Hoel, T., & Mason, J. (2018). Standards for smart education–towards a development framework. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 3-28. Holden, H., & Rada, R. (2011). Understanding the influence of perceived usability and technology self-efficacy on teachers’ technology acceptance. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 43(4), 343-367. Honigsfeld, A. (2001). A comparative analysis of the Learning styles of adolescents from diverse nations by age, gender, academic achievement level and nationality. (Doctoral Thesis, Molloy College, USA). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/34027747_A_comparative_analysis_of_the_learning_styles_of_adolescents. Howard, M. C. (2016). A review of exploratory factor analysis decisions and overview of current practices: What we are doing and how can we improve? International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 32(1), 51-62. Hsu, C. L., & Lin, J. C. C. (2018). Exploring factors affecting the adoption of internet of things services. Journal of Computer information systems, 58(1), 49-57. Huang, R. Yang, J., and Zheng, L. (2013). The Components and Functions of Smart Learning Environments for Easy, Engaged and Effective Learning. International Journal for Educational Media and Technology Vol.7, No. 1, pp. 4-14. Huang, R., Yang, J., & Hu, Y. (2012). From digital to smart: The evolution and trends of learning environment. Open Education Research, 1(1), 75-84. Hutabarat, F., Hutabarat, R., & Hutabarat, F. M. (2020). Factor Analysis of Students’ Satisfaction with Academic Courses. Human Behavior, Development and Society, 21(1), 78-84. Hvidt M. (2011). Economic and Institutional Reforms in the Arab Gulf Countries. Middle East Journal, 65 (1), 85-102. Hwang, G. J. (2014). Definition, framework and research issues of smart learning environments-a context-aware ubiquitous learning perspective. Smart Learning Environments, 1(1), 1–14. Hwang, G. J., Tsai, C. C., & Yang, S. J. (2008). Criteria, strategies and research issues of context-aware ubiquitous learning. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 11(2), 81-91. Ifenthaler, D., & Schweinbenz, V. (2016). Students' acceptance of tablet PCs in the classroom. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 48(4), 306-321. Jaafar, A. (2008). Malaysian smart school courseware usability study: The effectiveness of analytical evaluation technique compared to empirical study. Transactions on Information Science and Applications, 5(4), 342-348. Jacob, W. (2015). Interdisciplinary trends in higher education. Jaime B. & Marion (2020) Research Paradigm in International human resource Management: Am Epistemological Systematization method – German Journal Jameel, A.S. et al. (2020) “Behavioural intention to use e-learning from student's perspective during COVID-19 pandemic,” 2020 2nd Annual International Conference on Information and Sciences (AiCIS) [Preprint]. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/aicis51645.2020.00035. Jaunzemis, A. D., Holzinger, M. J., Chan, M. W., & Shenoy, P. P. (2019). Evidence gathering for hypothesis resolution using judicial evidential reasoning. Information Fusion, 49, 26-45. Jenjekwa, V. (2013). Access and Quality in Education in Resettlement Schools: The Case Study of Zvivingwi Secondary School in Gutu District, Masvingo Province in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 5(2), 15-21. John H. Knigh (2017) SMART Learning: Its Origin, Evolution and Future. The Second International Conference for Learning and Teaching in the Digital World \ Smart Learning last accessed 28th March 2022 www.google.com Jon Dron (2018) Smart Learning Environments and not so Smart Learning Environments: A system Review. Zeitscrift: Smart learning environments>Augsabe 1/2018 Jones, S. (2002). Rewriting the word: Methodological strategies and issues in qualitative research. Journal of College Student Development, 43(4), 461-472. Jones, S.R., Torres, V., & Arminio, J. (2006). Negotiating the Complexities of Qualitative Research in Higher Education. New York: Routledge. Joseph, C., Thomas, M., Simonette, G., and Ramsook, L. (2013). The Impact of Differentiated Instruction in a Teacher Education Setting: Successes and Challenges. International Journal of Higher Education Vol. 2, No. 3; pp. 28-40. Jukes, I. (2008). Understanding digital kids: Teaching and learning in the new digital landscape. Retrieved March 10, 2010, from ttp://www.hmleague.org/Digital%20Kids.pdf Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31-36. Kanyongo, G. Y. (2005). Zimbabwe's Public Education System Reforms: Successes and Challenges. International Education Journal, 6(1), 65-74. Karampa, V., & Paraskeva, F. (2019, August). Smart Learning Environments: A Blend of ICT Achievements and Smart Pedagogy for the World Sustainable Development. In International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies (pp. 482-488). Springer, Cham. Kaymaz, M., & Sungur, M. (2015). The Effects of Knowledge Acquisition Levels on Perception in Art Education. Anadolu Üniversitesi Egitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 5(3), 266-281. Kehl, W. (2013). The art of teaching science. Retrieved from http://www.gettingsmart.com/2013/05/the-art-of-teaching-science/. Kellaghan, T., Grenaney, V., & Murray, S. (2009). National Assessments of Educational Achievement Volume 5: Using the Results of a National Assessment of Educational Achievement. The World Bank. Kelly Walsh, Wayne Holmes (2019) Intelligent Tutoring Systems (A decades Old Application of Artificial Intelligence in Education) Kelum A.A., Erandika,Nanda Gunawardhana(2020) Online Delivery and Assessment during COVID-19: Safeguarding Academic Integrity Kerlinger, F. N. 1992. Foundations of behavioral research. Fortworth, Texas, USA: Harcourt Bruce Publishers. Khan S. M., Woo, M., Nam, Kichan & Chathob, P. (2017). Smart City and Smart Tourism: A Case of Dubai. Sustainability, 2017, 9. Khan, B. (2001). Web Based Learning, Educational Technology Publications, NJ, USA: Englewood Cliffs. Khelifa, M. (2010). Trading cultures: Have Western-educated Emirati females gone Western? International Journal of Sustainable Development, 1(3), 19-29. Kim, T., Cho, J. Y., Lee, B. G. (2013). Evolution to smart learning in public education: a case study of Korean public education, in Open and Social Technologies for Networked Learning, ed. by L. Tobias, R. Mikko, L. Mart, T. Arthur (Berlin Heidelberg, Springer, 2013), pp. 170–178. Kirkley, W. W. (2017). Cultivating entrepreneurial behaviour: entrepreneurship education in secondary schools. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. Kitchenham, A. B. & Pfleeger. L.S. (2002). Principles of survey research: Part 3: Constructing a survey instrument. ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering Notes, Vol. 27, No. 2, p.20-24. Kituyi, G. M., and Tusubira, I. P. (2013). A framework for the integration of e-learning in higher education institutions in developing countries. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology (IJEDICT), 2013, Vol. 9 (2), pp. 19-36. Kivuga Charles (2017) Understanding and Applying Research Paradigms in Educational Contexts: International Journal of Higher Education, v6 n5 p26-41 2017 Kline, R. B. (2005). Methodology in the social sciences, (2nd ed.). New York, NY. Kobayashi, T., Arai, K., Sato, H., Tanimoto, S., & Kanai, A. (2017). An application framework for smart education system based on mobile and cloud systems. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems, 100(10), 2399-2410. Kobchai Siripongdee, Paitoon Pimdee and Somkiat Tuntiwongwanich (2020) Koper, R. (2014). Conditions for effective smart learning environments. Smart Learning Environments 1(1), pp. 1–17. Kotrlik, J. W. K. J. W., & Higgins, C. C. H. C. C. (2001). Organizational research: Determining appropriate sample size in survey research appropriate sample size in survey research. Information technology, learning, and performance journal, 19(1), 43 Krejcie, R.V. & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610. Krejcie, R.V. and Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 30, p.607-610. Kudryashoval, A., Gorbatova, T., Rybushkina, S., and Ivanova, E. (2016). Teacher’s Roles to Facilitate Active Learning. Mediterranean. Journal of Social Sciences. Vol. 7(1), pp. 460-4660. Kurniawan, D. E., Dzikri, A., Widyastuti, H., Sembiring, E., & Manurung, R. T. (2019, March). Smart mathematics: a Kindergarten student learning media based on the drill and practice model. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1175, No. 1, p. 012037). IOP Publishing. Kushan, J. C. (2007) Test Review of the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 4th Edition. In O.K. Buros (Ed.), the eighteen mental measurements yearbook. Highland park, New Jersey, The Gryphon press. Lang, J. J., Tremblay, M. S., Léger, L., Olds, T., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2018). International variability in 20 m shuttle run performance in children and youth: who are the fittest from a 50-country comparison? A systematic literature review with pooling of aggregate results. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(4), 276-276. Laurillard, D. (2007). Pedagogical forms of mobile learning: Framing research questions, In N. Pachler (Ed.), Mobile learning: Towards a research agenda (Vol. 1, pp. 33-54). London: WLE Centre, Institute of Education. Lee, J., Zo, H., & Lee, H. (2014). Smart learning adoption in employees and HRD managers. British Journal of educational technology, 45(6), 1082-1096. Lee, M. J. W. Chan, A. (2007). Reducing the Effects of Isolation and Promoting Inclusivity for Distance Learners through Podcasting.. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 8(1), 85–105. Lee, R. S. (2020). Smart Education. In Artificial Intelligence in Daily Life (pp. 301-320). Springer, Singapore. Lehn gong, Biljon, Sanders (2019). Open-distance electronic learning environments: Supervisors’ views on usability Conference on Information Communications Technology and Society (ICTAS) Leonardou, A., Rigou, M., & Garofalakis, J. D. (2019). Open Learner Models in Smart Learning Environments. In Cases on Smart Learning Environments (pp. 346-368). IGI Global. Li, Y., Chang, M., Kravcik, M., Popescu, E., Huang, R., & Chen, N. S. (Eds.). (2016). State-of-the-art and Future Directions of Smart Learning. Springer. Little, R. J., & Rubin, D. B. (2019). Statistical analysis with missing data (Vol. 793). John Wiley & Sons. Liu, D., Huang, R., & Wosinski, M. (2017). Characteristics and Framework of Smart Learning. In Smart Learning in Smart Cities (pp. 31-48). Springer, Singapore. Liu, X. Huang, R., and Chang, T-N. (2016). Design of Theoretical Model for Smart Learning. Design of Theoretical Model for Smart Learning. In: Li Y. et al. (eds) State-of-the-Art and Future Directions of Smart Learning. Lecture Notes in Educational Technology. Springer, Singapore. Liubiniene, V., & Kasperaviciene, R. (2019). Children’s Empowerment Through Digital Technologies in the Context of Smart Pedagogy: Case Study. In Didactics of Smart Pedagogy (pp. 253-265). Springer, Cham. Lloret, S., Ferreres, A., Hernández, A., & Tomás, I. (2017). The exploratory factor analysis of items: guided analysis based on empirical data and software. anales de psicología, 33(2), 417-432. Loftus, M., & Madden, M. G. (2020). A pedagogy of data and Artificial Intelligence for student subjectification. Teaching in Higher Education, 25(4), 456-475. Lorenzo, N., & Gallon, R. (2019). Smart pedagogy for smart learning. In Didactics of smart pedagogy (pp. 41-69). Springer, Cham. Luke, D. A. (2019). Multilevel modeling (Vol. 143). SAGE Publications, Incorporated. Luo, L., Arizmendi, C., & Gates, K. M. (2019). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) Programs in R. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 26(5), 819-826. Luong, M. P., & Nieke, W. (2014). Conceptualizing quality education from the paradigm of recognition. Journal of Education and Practice, 5(18), 178-191. Lynch Mathew (2017) How can Technology be Used to decrease the dropout rate? Early Childhood and& K-12EdTech June 22 2017 Macintyre, C. (2016). Enhancing learning through play: A developmental perspective for early years settings. Routledge. Madani, R. A. (2019). Analysis of Educational Quality, a Goal of Education for All Policy. Higher Education Studies, 9(1), 100-109. Malik, M. W. (2010). Factor effecting learner’s satisfaction towards e-learning: a conceptual framework. OIDA International Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(3), 77-82. Malmia, W., Makatita, S. H., Lisaholit, S., Azwan, A., Magfirah, I., Tinggapi, H., ... & Umanailo, B. (2019). Problem-Based Learning as an Effort to Improve Student Learning Outcomes. Int. J. Sci. Technol. Res, 8(9), 1140-1143. Marsal-Llacuna, M. L., Colomer-Llinàs, J., & Meléndez-Frigola, J. (2015). Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 611-622. Martin, N. & Baldwin, B. (1993): Validation of an Inventory of Classroom Management Style: Differences Between Novice and Experienced Teachers, Paper presented at the Annual Conference of the American Educational Research Association, Atlanta, GA., April, 1993. Retrieved from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2sql/content_storage_01/0000019b/80/13/f0/9e.pdf Martins, V. W. B., Anholon, R., & Quelhas, O. L. G. (2019). Sustainable transportation methods. Encyclopedia of Sustainability in Higher Education, 1847-1853. Maslow, A. H. (2013). Toward a psychology of being. Simon and Schuster. Mason, R., & Rennie, F. (2006). E-learning: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge. Mavinkurve, M., & Patil, M. (2016). Impact of simulator as a technology tool on problem solving skills of engineering students-a study report. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 29(3), 124-131. Maxwell, J. A. (2005). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach (2nd Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGA Publications. Maxwell, S. E., Delaney, H. D., & Kelley, K. (2017). Designing experiments and analyzing data: A model comparison perspective. Routledge. Mayes, T. and de Freitas, S. (2013). Review of e-learning theories, frameworks and models. Retrieved from http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/elearningpedagogy/outcomes.aspx McClusky, B. (2017). Investigating the relationships between education and culture for female students in tertiary settings in the UAE. Thesis is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Edith Cowan University, Malaysia. McLeod, S., & Baker, E. (2017). Children's speech: An evidence-based approach to assessment and intervention. Pearson. McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2010). Research in Education: Evidence-Based Inquiry, My Education Lab Series. Pearson. Meng, Q., Jia, J., & Zhang, Z. (2020). A framework of smart pedagogy based on the facilitating of high order thinking skills. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 17(3), 251-266. Merlin, L. (2017). Knowledge Construction and Psychological Need Support in Student-Centred Learning Contexts: An Experiment with Estonian 6th Grade Students. Master’s Thesis in Education, Faculty of Education, Learning, Education & Technology, University of Oulu. Merriam, S. B. (2002). Qualitative Research in Practice: Examples for Discussion and Analysis. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. San Francisco, CA: John Wiley & Sons. Merrill, M. D. (2013). First principles of instruction: Identifying and designing effective, efficient and engaging instruction (Wiley, San Francisco. Middleton, A. (2015). Smart learning: Teaching and learning with smartphones and tablets in post compulsory education (Media-Enhanced Learning Special Interest Group and Sheffield Hallam University). Retrieved from https://www.amazon.com/Smart-Learning-smartphones-post-compulsory-education-ebook/dp/B00VCDYPAU Miglani, A. & Awadhiya, A. K. (2014). Mobile Learning: Readiness and Perceptions of Teachers of Open Universities of Commonwealth Asia. Journal of Learning for Development, 4(1), 58-71. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1141535.pdf Miliband, R. (1989). Divided Societies: Class Struggle in Contemporary Capitalism. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Miloševic, I., Živkovic, D., Manasijevic, D., & Nikolic, D. (2015). The effects of the intended behavior of students in the use of M-learning. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 207-215. Mohammad, R. T. (2017). Assessing the quality of education in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Economic Research, 14(17), 521–528. Moon, J., Do, J., Lee, D., & Choi, G. W. (2020). A conceptual framework for teaching computational thinking in personalized OERs. Smart Learning Environments, 7(1), 1-19. Mor, Y., & Craft, B. (2012). Learning design: reflections on a snapshot of the current landscape. Research in learning technology, 20, 85-94. Morrison, M. (2017). Action Research as a School Improvement Strategy. Available in internet at https://slideplayer.com/slide/5946455/ Motteram, G (2013). Innovations in learning technologies for English language teaching. International Journal of Emerging Technologies & Society, 7(2), 83–96. Mtawa, N., Fongwa, S., & Wilson-Strydom, M. (2019). Enhancing graduate employability attributes and capabilities formation: a service-learning approach. Teaching in Higher Education, 1-17. Mulgan, G. (2018). Big mind: How collective intelligence can change our world. Princeton University Press. Mulwa, A. S. and Kyalo, D. N. (2013). The Influence of Principals’, Teachers’ and Students’ Attitude on Readiness to Adopt e-Learning in Secondary Schools in Kitui District, KENYA. European Scientific Journal February 2013 edition Vol.9, (5), pp. 138-202. Murad, R., Hussin, S., Yusof, R., Miserom, S. F., & Yaacob, M. H. (2019). A Conceptual Foundation for Smart Education Driven by Gen Z. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(5). Musa, A. M., and Othman, M. O. (2012). Critical Success Factors in E-Learning: An Examination of Technology and Students Factors. International Journal of Advances in Engineering and Technology (IJAET), Vol. 3 (2), pp. 140-148, May 2012. Nikou, S. A., & Economides, A. A. (2017). Mobile-based assessment: Investigating the factors that influence behavioral intention to use. Computers & Education, 109, 56-73. Nikou, S. A., & Economides, A. A. (2019). Factors that influence behavioral intention to use mobile-based assessment: A STEM teachers’ perspective. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(2), 587-600. Nokelainen, P. (2006). An empirical assessment of pedagogical usability criteria for digital learning material with elementary school students. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 9(2), 178-197. Noordzji, M., Tripepi, G., Dekker, F. W., Zoccali, C, Tanck, M. and Jago, K. (2010). Sample size calculations: basic principles and common pitfalls. Nephrol Dial Transplant 25: 1388–1393. Norusis, M. J. (1995). SPSS 6.1 guide to data analysis. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Oakshott, L. (2019). Essential Quantitative Methods for Business, Management and Finance. Red Globe Press. OEP (Omnia Education Partnerships) Ltd. (2017). Lehtimäentie 1 C 6 P.O. Box 77714 02070 City of Espoo. Onwuegbuzie, A. (2002). Why can’t we all get along? Towards a framework for unifying research paradigms. Education, Vol. 122, No. 3, p.518-530. Oppenheim, A. N. (1986). Questionnaire design and attitude measurement. Great Britain: Gower Publishing. Orús, C., Barlés, M. J., Belanche, D., Casaló, L., Fraj, E., & Gurrea, R. (2016). The effects of learner-generated videos for YouTube on learning outcomes and satisfaction. Computers & Education, 95, 254-269. Ouadoud, M., Chkouri, M. Y., Nejjari, A., & El Kadiri, K. E. (2016). Studying and Analyzing the Evaluation Dimensions of E-learning Platforms Relying on a Software Engineering Approach. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 11(1). Oxnevad, S. (2013). 4 tools to connect students to real world math. Retrieved from http://www.gettingsmart.com/2013/12/4-tools-connect-students-real-world-math/ Palau R. & Jordi M., 2019) Systematic literature review for a characterization of the smart learning environments last accessed 28th March 2022 www.google.com Pallant, J., & Manual, S. S. (2007). A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows. In SPSS Survival manual. Open University Press. Pandey, P., & Pandey, M. M. (2015). Research methodology: Tools and techniques. Romania: Bridge Center. Paquette, G., Mariño, O., Rogozan, D., & Léonard, M. (2015). Competency-based personalization for massive online learning. Smart Learning Environments, 2(1), 4. Patton M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd Ed). Sage Publications; Thousand Oaks, CA. Patton, M. Q. (1987). How to Use Qualitative Methods in Evaluation (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Pellegrino, J. W., Wilson, M., Koenig, J. & Beatty, A. (2014). Developing Assessments for the Next Generation Science Standards. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Pelletier, M. P., Trépanier, M., & Morency, C. (2011). Smart card data use in public transit: A literature review. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 19(4), 557-568. Peng, D. X., & Lai, F. (2012). Using partial least squares in operations management research: A practical guideline and summary of past research. Journal of Operations Management, 30(6), 467-480. Peng, H., Ma, S., & Spector, J. M. (2019). Personalized adaptive learning: an emerging pedagogical approach enabled by a smart learning environment. Smart Learning Environments, 6(1), 9. Penna, P.M., and Stara, V. (2008). Approaches to E-Learning Quality Assessment. Available [Online] at: isdm.univ. tln.fr/PDF/isdm32/isdm_pietronilla.pdf. Pennington, R. (2014). Smart Learning Programme transforms education in UAE’s government schools, The National (on-line). December 20, 2017. Retrieved from http://www.thenational.ae/uae/education/smart-learning-programme-transformseducation-in-uaes-government-schools#ixzz2yUWHHirs Penuel, W. R. (2006). Implementation and Effects of One-to-One Computing Initiatives: A Research Synthesis. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 38(3), 329-348. Pereira, J. (2012). Beyond hidden bodies and lost pigs: Student perceptions of foreign language learning with Interactive Fiction, in Baek, Y and Whitton, N (eds) (2012) Cases on Digital Game-Based Learning: Methods, Models and Strategies. New York: IGI Global. Peterson, D. (2007). The Information and Communication Technology Landscape in the United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from http://wwwi.american.edu/camel/jp2450a/2.htm Piccoli, G., Ahmad, R. and Ives, B. (2001). Web-based virtual learning environments: A research framework and a preliminary assessment of effectiveness in basic IT skills training. MIS quarterly, 2001, pp. 401–426. Popescu, E., Khribi, M. K., Huang, R., Jemni, M., Chen, N. S., & Sampson, D. G. (Eds.). (2017). Innovations in smart learning. Springer Singapore. Prasad, P. (2005). Crafting Qualitative Research: Working in the Post-positivist Traditions. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc. Preuveneers, D., den Bergh, J.V., Wagelaar, D., Georges, A., Rigole, P., Clerckx, T., Berbers, Y., Coninx, K., Jonckers, V., and Bosschere, K.D. (2004). Towards an extensible context ontology for ambient intelligence. Ambient intelligence (Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, 2004), pp. 148–159. Pribeanu, C., Balog, A., & Iordache, D. D. (2017). Measuring the perceived quality of an AR-based learning application: a multidimensional model. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(4), 482-495. Price, J. (2011). Action research, pedagogy and change: The transformative potential of action research in pre-service teacher education. Journal of Curriculum Studies, 33, 43-74. Price, J. K. (2015). Transforming learning for the smart learning environment: lessons learned from the Intel education initiatives. Smart Learning Environments, 2(1), 16. Proctor, T. (2018). Creative problem solving for managers: developing skills for decision making and innovation. Routledge. Psycharis, S. (2018). STEAM in education: A literature review on the role of computational thinking, engineering epistemology and computational science. computational steam pedagogy (CSP). Science Cuture, 4(2), 51-72. Pujol-Tost, L. (2018). Cultural presence in virtual archaeology: An exploratory analysis of factors. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 26(03), 247-263. Queirós, A., Faria, D., & Almeida, F. (2017). Strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research methods. European Journal of Education Studies. R&M (Research and Markets). (2013). Global Education Technology and the Smart Classroom Market Report. Retrieved from https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131101005334/en/Research-Markets-2013-Report-Worldwide-Metabolomics-Market Ramayah, T., Cheah, J., Chuah, F., Ting, H., and Memon, M.A. (2018). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 3.0. 2nd Edition, Pearson, Malaysia. Rani, N. S. A., Krishnan, K. S., Saidun, Z., & Ahmad, H. (2019). The Relationship Between Entrepreneurship Education and Entrepreneurial Intention of Universiti Kuala Lumpur–Teknoputra Alumni. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 7(1), 147-155. Remenyi, D., B. Williams, A. Money, and E. Swartz. (1998). Doing research in business and management: An introduction to process and method. London: Sage Publication. Remenyi, D., Williams, B., Money, A., and Swartz, E. (1998). Doing Research in Business and Management: An Introduction to Process and Methods, Sage publications, London. Ridge, N., & Farah, S. (2009). Dubai School of Government: Challenges to curriculum development in the UAE (Policy Brief No. 16). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Natasha_Ridge/publication/242611859_Challenges_to_Curriculum Ridge, N., Kippels, S., Shami, S., & Farah, S. (2007). Policy Paper The public, 2005(2006). Rissa, J. (2014). An empirical study on the e-learning acceptance among the Finnish labor. Robeck, E., Raghunathan, S., Singh, A. D., & Sharma, B. (2019). Diverse Applications of the Elements of Smart Learning Environments. In Cases on Smart Learning Environments (pp. 118-141). IGI Global. Roberts, J. (2018). From the editor: The possibilities and limitations of experiential learning research in higher education. Robin, B. R. (2016). The Power of Digital Storytelling to Support Teaching and Learning. Digital Education Review - Number 30, December 2016. Retrieved from http://greav.ub.edu/der/ Roblyer, M. D., McDaniel, M., Webb, M., Herman, J., & Witty, J. V. (2010). Findings on Facebook in higher education: A comparison of college faculty and student uses and perceptions of social networking sites. The Internet and higher education, 13(3), 134-140. Rogers, A., & Horrocks, N. (2010). Teaching adults. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Rogers, C. R. (1983). Freedom to Learn for the 80’s. Charles E. Merrill, Columbus. Rogers, E.M. (1995). Diffusion of innovations (4th edition). The Free Press. New York. Ronghuai Huang, Guang Chen (2015) Emerging Issues in Smart Technology. Assessment into Social factors Rostaminezhad, M.A Mozayani, N. Norozi, D and Iziy, M. (2013). Factors Related to E-learner Dropout: Case Study of IUST Elearning Center. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 83, pp. 522 – 527. Roumen, E. S., & Kovatcheva, N. E. (2017). Conceptualising of Smart Education. Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320623528_Conceptualising_of_Smart_Education. Accessed 06 Feb 2018. Rovai, A. P. & Jordan, H. M. (2004). Blended Learning and Sense of Community: A comparative analysis with traditional and fully online graduate courses. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 5(2), 1-17. Rowley, J. (2014). Designing and using research questionnaires. Management Research Review, Vol. 37, No. 3, p.308-330. Roy, A.; Kihoza, P.; Suhonen, J.; Vesisenaho, M.; Tukiaianen, M. (2014). Promoting proper education for sustainability: An exploratory study of ICT enhanced Problem Based Learning in a developing country. International Journal of Educational Development Using Information Communication Technology, 10, 70–90. Ruscio, J., & Roche, B. (2012). Determining the number of factors to retain in an exploratory factor analysis using comparison data of known factorial structure. Psychological assessment, 24(2), 282-292. Russell, J. Mauthner, N., Sharpe, S., and Tidswell, T. (1991). The windows tasks as a measure of strategic deception in preschoolers and autistic subjects. British journal of Psychology, 9, 331-349. Russell, M., Higgins, J., & Bebell, D. (2004). Laptop Learning: A Comparison of Teaching and Learning in Upper Elementary Classrooms Equipped with Shared Carts of Laptops and Permanent 1:1 Laptops. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 30(4), 313-330. Sadri, M., Shariatipour, S. M., Hunt, A., & Ahmadinia, M. (2019). Effect of systematic and random flow measurement errors on history matching: a case study on oil and wet gas reservoirs. Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology, 9(4), 2853-2862. Saito, M., & van Cappelle, F. (2009, May). Approaches to monitoring the quality of education in developing countries–searching for better research-policy linkages. In International Symposium on Quality Education for All, Berlin (pp. 11-12). Salloum, S. A. S., & Shaalan, K. (2018). Investigating students’ acceptance of E-learning system in Higher Educational Environments in the UAE: Applying the Extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The British University in Dubai. Salmon, G. (2009). The future for (second) life and learning. British Journal of Educational Technology, 40(3), 526-538. Sanchez, M. E. (1992). Effects of questionnaire design on the quality of survey data. The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 56, No. 2, p. 206-217. Sangrà Morer, A., Vlachopoulos, D., Cabrera Lanzo, N., & Bravo Gallart, S. (2011). Towards and inclusive definition of e-learning. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. & Thornhill, A. (2003). Research Methods for Business Students, London, UK. Prentice Hall. Scandura, T. A., and E. A. Williams. (2000). Research methodology in management: Current practices, trends and implications for future research. Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 43, p.1248-1264. Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (2006). Knowledge building. The Cambridge. Schreier, M. (2018). Sampling and generalization. The Sage handbook of qualitative data collection, 84-98. Schumacker, R. E. (2014). Learning statistics using R. Sage Publications. Schuster, D. B. (2014). International telecommunication union-Challenges for the plenipotentiary 2014-The time for change. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(2), 57-61. Scott, K. and Benlamri, R. (2010). Context-aware services for smart learning spaces. Learning Technologies, IEEE Transactions on 3(3), 214–227. Seidman, I. E. (1991). Interviewing as qualitative research: A Guide for Researchers in Education and the Social Sciences. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Selwyn, N. (2009). Faceworking: exploring students' education-related use of Facebook. Learning, media and technology, 34(2), 157-174. Shaabani, J., & Jafari, A. A. (2020). A New Look to Three-Factor Fama-French Regression Model using Sample Innovations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.02467. Shaabani, J., & Jafari, A. A. (2020). A New Look to Three-Factor Fama-French Regression Model using Sample Innovations. arXiv preprint arXiv:2006.02467. Shadi. M Hiller, Mamoun J. (2017) Technology Acceptance Model: Review and Classification: International Jounalof Cyber Behaviour 7(2): 1-14 DOl: 10.4018/1jcbpl Shizha, E., & Kariwo, M. T. (2012). Education and development in Zimbabwe. Springer Science & Business Media. Shukla, T. et al. (2020) “Factors extraction of effective teaching-learning in online and conventional classrooms,” International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 10(6), pp. 422–427. Available at: https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet.2020.10.6.1401. Siddiqui, A. T., & Masud, M. (2017). A system framework for smart class system to boost education and management. arXiv preprint arXiv:1707.02924. Siddiqui, A.T. and Masud, M. (2012). An E-learning System for Quality Education. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 9(4). No 1, July 2012. Siemens, G. (2013). Learning analytics: the emergence of a discipline. Am. Behav. Sci. 57(10), 1380–1400. Siripongdee, K., Pimdee, P., & Tuntiwongwanich, S. (2020). A Blended Learning Model with IoT-based Technology: Effectively used when the COVID-19 pandemic? Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 8(2), 905-917. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17478/jegys.698869 Slater, S. F. (1995). Issues in conducting marketing strategy research. Journal of Strategic Marketing, Vol. 3, p.257-270. Slot, P. L., Leseman, P. P., Verhagen, J., & Mulder, H. (2015). Associations between structural quality aspects and process quality in Dutch early childhood education and care settings. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 33, 64-76. Smith, S. C. (2004). Britain's Revival and Fall in the Gulf: Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the Trucial States, 1950–71. Routledge, pp. 64, ISBN 978-0-415-33192-0. Spaull, N. (2015). Education quality in South Africa and sub-Saharan Africa: An economic approach (Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch: Stellenbosch University). Spector, J. M. (2014). Conceptualizing the emerging field of smart learning environment. Smart Learning Environments 2014, 1:2, pp. 2-10. Spector, J. M. (2016, March). Smart learning environments: Concepts and issues. In Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 2728-2737). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Spencer, E., B. Lucas and G. Claxton (2012), Progression in Creativity - Developing New Forms of Assessment: A literature Review, CCE, Newcastle. Spoon, J. C. and Schell, J. W. (1995). Aligning student learning and thinking styles with instructor teaching styles. Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 35(2), 41-56. Stakes, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research: Perspectives on Practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Sternberg, R. J. (1999a). Successful intelligence: finding a balance. Trends Cogn. Sci. 3(11), 436–442. Sternberg, R. J. (1999b). The theory of successful intelligence. Review of General psychology, 3(4), 292-316. Steyn, G. M. (2001). Meeting the needs of postgraduate learners: a historical review. Progressio, 23(1), 30-48. Stieglitz, S., Mirbabaie, M., Ross, B., & Neuberger, C. (2018). Social media analytics–Challenges in topic discovery, data collection, and data preparation. International journal of information management, 39, 156-168. Stoynoff, S. J. (1989). Successfully implementing educational change and innovation. Paper presented at the 23rd annual TESOL conference. San Antonio, TX. Streiner, D. L. (1994). Figuring out factors: the use and misuse of factor analysis. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 39(3), 135-140. Sumbul, M., & Faisal, M. (2018). A Study Examining the Attitude of UAE Vocational Institutes Graduating Students towards Entrepreneurship. People: International Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2). Sun, A., & Chen, X. (2016). Online education and its effective practice: A research review. Journal of Information Technology Education, 15. Sun, P. C., Tsai, R. J., Finger, G., Chen, Y. Y., & Yeh, D. (2008). What drives a successful e-Learning? An empirical investigation of the critical factors influencing learner satisfaction. Computers & education, 50(4), 1183-1202. Support Systems, 38(1), 19-31. Swallow, M. (2015). The year-two decline: Exploring the incremental experiences of a 1: 1 technology initiative. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 47(2), 122-137. Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: Pearson. Tabari, R. (2014). Working paper 07. Education Reform in the UAE: An Investigation of Teachers’ Views of Change and Factors Impeding Reforms in Ras Al Khaimah Schools. Retrieved from http://www.alqasimifoundation.com/admin/Content/File-1612201532313.pdf Taha, H. A. (2013). Operations research: an introduction. Pearson Education India. Taha, M. H. (2014). Investigating the success of E-learning in secondary schools: The case of the Kingdom of Bahrain (Doctoral dissertation. Tahaza Afrazail (2020) Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Security and Intention to use the E-Filing: The Role of Technology Readiness Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM) Vol. 5, No. 2, 2016, Page: 18-27. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling methods in research methodology; how to choose a sampling technique for research. How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research (April 10, 2016). Takavarasha Jr, S., Hapanyengwi, G., & Kabanda, G. (2017). Using Livelihood Profiles for Assessing Context in ICT4D Resarch: A Case Study of Zimbabwe's Highveld Prime Communal. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 79(1), 1-22. Tang, T., & McCalla, G. (2005). Smart recommendation for an evolving e-learning system: Architecture and experiment. International Journal on E-learning, 4(1), 105-129. Tarhini, A., Elyas, T., Akour, M. A., & Al-Salti, Z. (2016). Technology, demographic characteristics and e-learning acceptance: a conceptual model based on extended technology acceptance model. Higher Education Studies, 6(3), 72-89. Tarhini, A., Hone, K., Liu, X., & Tarhini, T. (2017). Examining the moderating effect of individual-level cultural values on users’ acceptance of E-learning in developing countries: a structural equation modeling of an extended technology acceptance model. Interactive Learning Environments, 25(3), 306-328. Terrell, S. S. (2011). Integrating online tools to motivate young English language learners to practice English outside the classroom. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 16–24. Terrell, S. S. (2011). Integrating online tools to motivate young English language learners to practice English outside the classroom. International Journal of Computer-Assisted Language Learning and Teaching, 1(2), 16–24. Tess, P. A. (2013). The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual)–A literature review. Computers in human behavior, 29(5), A60-A68. Tess, P. A. (2013). The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual)–A literature review. Computers in human behavior, 29(5), A60-A68. Thanyatorn A., Panita W. (2014) Causal Relationship Model of the technology Acceptance process of learning innovation in the 21st Century for Graduate students. Tomlinson, C. A. and Kalbfleisch, M. L. (1998). Teach Me, Teach My Brain: a call for differentiated classrooms. Educ. Leadersh. 56(3), 52–55. Tomlinson, C. A., & McTighe, J. (2006). Integrating differentiated instruction & understanding by design: Connecting content and kids. ASCD, Alexandria, Virginia, USA. Traxler, (2009). Learning in a Mobile Age, International Journal of Mobile and Blended Learning, 1, 1-12. UAE Report. (2017). www.government.ae/en/information-and-services/social-affairs/children). UAE's smart education a game-changer (2020). Available at: https://www.gulftoday.ae/opinion/2020/10/20/uaes-smart-education-a-game-changer (Accessed: December 22, 2022). UN (United Nation) Report (2018). https://www.thenational.ae/uae/uae-ranks-highest-for-gender-equality-in-gcc-says-human-development-report-1.737261. UN (United Nation), (2010/2011). The United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), World Data on Education, 7th Edition, United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from http://www.ibe.unesco.org/sites/default/files/United_Arab_Emirates.pdf Valanne, E., Al-Dhaheri, R., Kylmalahti, R., & Sandholm-Rangell, H. (2017). Phenomenon Based Learning Implemented in Abu Dhabi School Model. International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 9(3), 1-17. Valenta, A. Therriault, D. Dieter, M. Mrtek, R. (2001). Identifying Student Attitudes and Learning Styles in Distance Education., Journal of asynchronous learning networks, 5(5), 111-127. Valk, J.-H., Rashid, A. T., Elder, L. (2010). Using Mobile Phones to Improve Educational Outcomes: An Analysis of Evidence from Asia. The International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 11(1), 117-140. van Osch, S. (2012). The Transformation of Modern Higher Education: Netherlands – Case Study. A Bachelor Thesis on Partial Fulfillment of Requirements for the European Studies Program, MB Faculty, University of Twente. Verma, B.P. & Sharma, J. P. (1987). A study of academic achievement in relation to learning styles of adolescents. Journal of the Institute of Educational Research, 11, 35-40. Vesin, B., Mangaroska, K., & Giannakos, M. (2018). Learning in smart environments: user-centered design and analytics of an adaptive learning system. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 24. Vine P. (ed.) (2010) United Arab Emirates Yearbook 2010. London: Trident Press Ltd. Vrana, V., Zafiropoulos, C., and Drogalas, G. (2006). Analysing students’ attitudes towards the adoption of e-learning: The case of Technical Vocational Schools. Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Education and Economic development, Prebeza, Greece, May 26-27, 2006. Wagner, N., Hassanein, K., and Head, M. (2008). Who is responsible for E-Learning Success in Higher Education? A Stakeholders' Analysis. Educational Technology and Society, Vol.11 (3), pp. 26-36. Walker, W. (2005). The strengths and weaknesses of research designs involving quantitative measures. Journal of research in nursing, 10(5), 571-582. Watkins, M. W. (2018). Exploratory factor analysis: A guide to best practice. Journal of Black Psychology, 44(3), 219-246. Watson, J. C. (2017). Establishing evidence for internal structure using exploratory factor analysis. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 50(4), 232-238. Whitehead, J. (1977). Improving Learning in Schools-An In-Service Problem. British Journal of In-service Education, 3(2); 104-111. Whiteoak, J. W., Crawford, N. G., & Mapstone, R. H. (2006). Impact of gender and generational differences in work values and attitudes in an Arab culture. Thunderbird International Business Review, 448(1), 77-91. Wicks, A. C., and Freeman, R.E. (1998). Organization studies and the new pragmatism: Positivism, anti-positivism, and the search for ethics. Organization Science, Vol. 9, No. 2, p.123-140. Williams, B., Onsman, A., & Brown, T. (2010). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Australasian journal of paramedicine, 8(3), Article 990399, 1-13. Williams, J. H. (2001). On school quality and attainment. Learning for a future: Refugee education in developing countries, 84-108. Wittrock, M. C. (1974). A generative model of mathematics education. J. Res. Math. Educ. 5(4), 181–196. Woods, S., & Hsu, Y. C. (2019). Making Spaces for STEM in the School Library. TechTrends, 1-7. Woods, S., & Hsu, Y. C. (2019). Making Spaces for STEM in the School Library. TechTrends, 1-7. Woollard, J. (2011). Psychology for the classroom: E-learning Routledge (New York & London) ISBN 978-0-415-59093-8 135. Retrieved from http://www.routledge.com/books/details/ 9780415590938/. Worldometers. (2018). Data on United Arab Emirates. Retrieved from http://www.worldometers.info/world-population/united-arab-emirates-population/. Xiang, J. C. (1994). The relationship of students having learning styles, computer attitudes and learning and thinking outcomes in a Mathematics course using a CAI lab. Ph.D. Kansas State University. Abstract International, 55(9), 2800 A. Xu, M., Fralick, D., Zheng, J. Z., Wang, B., Tu, X. M., & Feng, C. (2017). The differences and similarities between two-sample t-test and paired t-test. Shanghai archives of psychiatry, 29(3), 184. Yamauchi, L. A., Ponte, E., Ratliffe, K. T., & Traynor, K. (2017). Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks Used in Research on Family-School Partnerships. School Community Journal, 27(2), 9-34. Yang, H. D., & Yoo, Y. (2004). It's all about attitude: Revisiting the technology acceptance model. Decision Yin, R. K. (2009). Case Study Research: Design and Methods (4th Ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Yin, X., Guo, W., & Spiertz, J. H. (2009). A quantitative approach to characterize sink–source relationships during grain filling in contrasting wheat genotypes. Field Crops Research, 114(1), 119-126. Zhang, F., & Gou, J. (2019). Refined critical boundary with enhanced statistical power for non-directional two-sided tests in group sequential designs with multiple endpoints. Statistical Papers, 1-26. Zhu, Y., Ni, Y. Q., Jesus, A., Liu, J., & Laory, I. (2018). Thermal strain extraction methodologies for bridge structural condition assessment. Smart Materials and Structures, 27(10), 1-15, Article 105051. Zhu, Z. T., & He, B. (2012). Smart Education: new frontier of educational informatization. E-education Research, 12, 1-13. Zhu, Z. T., Yu, M. H., & Riezebos, P. (2016). A research framework of smart education. Smart Learning Environments, 3(4), 1-17. Zhu, Z. T., Yu, M. H., & Riezebos, P. (2016). A research framework of smart education. Smart Learning Environments, 3(4), 1-17. Zikmund, W. G. (2010). Business Research Methods (8th). Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning, USA.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |