The influence of android-based gymnastics learning media on cartwheel skills

Jaffry Zakaria

Abstract

Cartwheels are one of the gymnastics skills in Physical Education (PE) teaching that must be mastered by junior high school students. In their teaching, PE teachers must be able to create innovative and interactive learning, thereby generating student motivation to master this skill. This study aims to analyze the effect of using Android-based gymnastics learning media on cartwheel skills in junior high school students. This research is an application of one of the Android-assisted exercise materials for junior high school students developed from Handayani et al study (Handayani et al., 2023), where one of the gymnastics materials in the application is cartwheel skills which will be reported in this research. This research was a pre-experiment with a one group pretest-posttest design, involving 63 junior high school students in one of the provinces in Indonesia. Participants were seventh and eighth grade male students taking combined PE classes, and aged 12-13 years. The procedure in this research is collecting pretest data for cartwheel skills, using Android-based exercise media for cartwheel material by students, and collecting post-test data. The duration of the meeting was 4 weeks, and the instrument used was a cartwheel skills test, which consisted of initial, main and final phases. Then, the data was analyzed using paired sample t-test. The results of the research show that there are differences in the average of each phase and all phases of cartwheel skills, with pretest data being 62.51 (less) and post-test being 70.13 (enough). Then, the results of the paired sample t-test showed that there was an influence of the use of Android-based gymnastics learning media on cartwheel skills (P

References

Alnedral, Ihsan, N., Mario, D. T., Aldani, N., & Sari, D. P. (2023). Digital-based e-modules in Tarung Derajat martial arts learning at basic level. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(2), 306–315. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110207

Asún, S., Friar, A., Aparicio, J. L., & Romero, M. D. (2020). Difficulties in the use of feedback in the training of physical education teachers. Challenges, 37, 85–92.

Ávalos-Ramos, M. A., & Vega-Ramírez, L. (2020). Gender differences in the level of achievement of gymnastic and acrobatic skills. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(19), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17197216

Chambers, F. C., Sherry, J., Murphy, O., O’Brien, W., & Breslin, G. (2017). Digital technologies and learning in physical education: Pedagogical cases. London: Routledge.

Cummiskey, M. (2011). There’s an app for that smartphone use in health and physical education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 82(8), 24–30.

Delaš, S., Zagorac, N., & Katić, R. (2008). Effects of biomotor structures on performance of competitive gymnastics elements in elementary school male sixth-graders. Collegium Antropologicum, 32(2), 443– 449. https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/43058

DiFiori, J. P., Caine, D. J., & Malina, R. M. (2006). Wrist pain, distal radial physeal injury, and ulnar variance in the young gymnast. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(5), 840–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546505284848

Doloksaribu, F. E., & Triwiyono, T. (2020). The reconstruction model of science learning based PhET-problem solving. International Journal on Studies in Education, 3(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonse.30

Farana, R., Jandacka, D., Uchytil, J., Zahradnik, D., & Irwin, G. (2014). Musculoskeletal loading during the round-off in female gymnastics: the effect of hand position. Sports Biomechanics, 13(2), 123–134. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2014.895034

Farana, R., Jandacka, D., Uchytil, J., Zahradnik, D., & Irwin, G. (2017). The influence of hand positions on biomechanical injury risk factors at the wrist joint during the round-off skills in female gymnastics. Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(2), 124–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1158414

Handayani, S. G., Myori, D. E., Yulifri, Komaini, A., & Mario, D. T. (2023). Android-based gymnastics learning media to improve handstand skills in junior high school students. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 18(3), 690–700. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2023.183.15

Handayani, S. G., Syahara, S., Sin, T. H., & Komaini, A. (2022). Development of Android-based gymnastics learning media to improve the ability to roll ahead straddle students in gymnastic learning. Linguistics and Culture Review, 6, 275–290.

Hartig, R., & Buchmann, G. (2004). Gymnastics-training methodology. Berlin, Germany: Sportverlag. Hennig, L., Ghesneh, M., Mack, M., & Heinen, T. (2017). Development of individual instructions based on pupils’ mental representations of a gymnastics skill. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(4), 2604–2611. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.04297

Kojima, M., Kinomura, Y., & Kuzuhara, K. (2021). Development of observational indicators for evaluating handstand posture in the mat exercise in physical education class: Validity and reliability. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21(3), 2087–2096. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s3266

Kok, M., Komen, A., van Capelleveen, L., & van der Kamp, J. (2020). The effects of self-controlled video feedback on motor learning and self-efficacy in a Physical Education setting: an exploratory study on the shot-put. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 25(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2019.1688773

Kokarev, B., Kokareva, S., Atamanuk, S., Terehina, O., & Putrov, S. (2023). Effectiveness of innovative methods in improving the special physical fitness of qualified athletes in aerobic gymnastics. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(3), 622–630. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.03077

Kong, P. W. (2016). A simple and objective method for analyzing a gymnastics skill. European Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 12(2), 46–57. https://doi.org/10.13187/ejpe.2016.12.46 Krause, J. M., & Sanchez, Y. (2014). Meeting the national standards: There’s an App for that! Strategies, 27(4), 3–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2014.917997

Le Naour, T., Ré, C., & Bresciani, J. P. (2019). 3D feedback and observation for motor learning: Application to the roundoff movement in gymnastics. Human Movement Science, 66, 564–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2019.06.008

Lisenchuk, G., Leleka, V., Bogatyrev, K., Kokareva, S., Adamenko, O., Shchekotylina, N., Romanenko, S., & Krupenya, S. (2023). Fitness training in functional preparedness of highly qualified football players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(2), 502–509. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.02062

Oh, H., Johnson, W., & Syrop, I. P. (2019). Winter adaptive sports participation, injuries, and equipment. Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review, 27(2), 56–59. https://doi.org/10.1097/JSA.0000000000000236

Pajek, M. B., Čuk, I., Kovač, M., & Jakše, B. (2010). Implementation of the gymnastics curriculum in the third cycle of basic school in Slovenia. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 2(3), 14–28.

Potdevin, F., Vors, O., Huchez, A., Lamour, M., Davids, K., & Schnitzler, C. (2018). How can video feedback be used in physical education to support novice learning in gymnastics? Effects on motor learning, selfassessment and motivation. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(6), 559–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2018.1485138

Proios, M. (2019). Effects of practice style on a complex gymnastics skill performance of high-, medium-, and low-skilled learners. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 11(1), 77–90. Roure, C., Méard, J., Lentillon-Kaestner, V., Flamme, X., Devillers, Y., & Dupont, J. P. (2019). The effects of video feedback on students’ situational interest in gymnastics. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 28(5), 563–574. https://doi.org/10.1080/1475939X.2019.1682652

Rudd, J. R., Barnett, L. M., Butson, M. L., Farrow, D., Berry, J., & Polman, R. C. J. (2015). Fundamental movement skills are more than run, throw and catch: The role of stability skills. PLoS ONE, 10(10), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140224

Rudd, J. R., Barnett, L. M., Farrow, D., Berry, J., Borkoles, E., & Polman, R. (2017). The impact of gymnastics on children’s physical self-concept and movement skill development in primary schools. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 21(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2016.1273225

Trajković, N., Madić, D., Sporiš, G., Aleksić-Veljković, A., & Živčić-Marković, K. (2016). Impact of gymnastics program on health-related fitness in adolescent pupils. Science of Gymnastics Journal, 8(2), 157–166.

Wang, Q., & An, L. (2017). The construction of school physical education curriculum system under the new situation. Agro Food Industry Hi-Tech, 28(3), 1021–1025.