A review on the advantages of Jajar Legowo planting system in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation

Siti Fairuz Yusoff

Abstract

Rice is an important crop for producing the staple food of the worlds population, especially in Indonesia. However, national rice production has not been able to meet food needs so rice imports are still needed. Mostly, farmers in Indonesia still use the traditional planting system, namely the Tegel planting system (TPS). New innovations are needed to increase rice production. One of the innovations is to modify the TPS which can provide higher rice yield. This new technology is called the Jajar Legowo planting system which is abbreviated Jarwo planting system (JPS). This technology can increase a higher rice production than the conventional system. The JPS has been developed in Indonesia, but until now many farmers do not know the advantages of this technology. Therefore, this review article aimed to know the advantages of the JPS in rice cultivation compared to the TPS. Based on the literature available, there are several factors that support the success of the JPS in increasing rice yield, namely rice variety, rice fields, and plant spacing. The JPS of 2:1, 3:1, and 4:1 with a plant spacing of 25 12.5 50 cm could increase crop populations per hectare by 32%, 15%, and 11.87%, respectively than TPS with a plant spacing of 25 25 cm. The advantage of the JPS is that it could inhibit weed growth in the soil surface around rice clumps. Besides, increase in crop populations per hectare attainable compared to the TPS. In the literature reviewed, JPS of the 2:1 type can give rice yield per hectare higher than the types of 3:1, 4:1, or others. Recommended plant spacing for use in JPS is 25 12.5 50 cm. Further, the review article has made a suggestion that the JPS of the 2:1 type can be applied in rice cultivation, especially in irrigated fields. 2023, Gaurav Publications. All rights reserved.

References

Abdulrachman, S., Agustiani, N., Gunawan, I. and Mejaya, M. J. (2012). Sistem tanam Legowo. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian, Jakarta, Indonesia. (In Indonesian)

Ahmed, S., Alam, M. J., Hossain, A., Islam, A. K. M., Awan, T. H., Soufan, W., Qahtan, A. A., Okla, M. K. and Sabagh, A. E. (2021). Interactive effect of weeding regimes, rice cultivars, and seeding rates influence the rice-weed competition under dry directseeded condition. Sustainability 13: 1–15. doi.org/10.3390/su13010317.

Ali, M., Farooq, H. M. U., Sattar, S., Farooq, T. and Bashir, I. (2019). Effect of row spacing and weed management practices on the performance of aerobic rice. Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 52: 17–25. doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2019-0002.

Anonymous (2015). Luas lahan sawah (hektar), 2013-2015. Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, Indonesia. https://www.bps.go.id/i nd i c at o r /5 3 /1 7 9 /1 / lu a s - l a h an - sawah.html (In Indonesian)

Antralina, M., Istina, I. N., Yuwariah, Y. and Simarmata, T. (2015). Effect of difference weed control methods to yield of lowland rice in the SOBARI. Procedia Food Sci. 3:323-29. doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2015.01.035.

Anwari, G., Moussa, A. A., Wahidi, A. B., Mandozai, A., Nasar, J. and El-Rahim, M. G. M. A. (2019). Effects of planting distance on yield and agro-morphological characteristics of local rice (Bara variety) in Northeast Afghanistan. Current Agric. Res. J. 7: 350-57. doi.org/10.12944/ carj.7.3.11.

BBPPADI (2016). Klasifikasi umur tanaman padi. ÿþSubang, East Java, Indonesia. p. 1. http://bbpadi.litbang.pertanian.go.id/index.php/info-berita/tahukah-anda/k l a s i f i k a s i - u m u r - t a n a m a n -padi#:~:text=Berdasarkan umur% 2C secara umum tanaman,padi varietas unggul berumur genjah. (In Indonesian)

Begna, S. H., Dwyer, L. M., Cloutier, D., Assemat, L., Tommaso, A., Zhou, X., Prithiviraj, B. and Smith, D. L. (2002). Decoupling of light intensity effects on the growth and development of C3 and C4 weed species through sucrose supplementation. J. Expt. Bot. 53: 1935-40. doi.org/ 10.1093/jxb/erf043.

Chen, H., Li, Q. P., Zeng, Y. L., Deng, F. and Ren, W. J. (2019). Effect of different shading materials on grain yield and quality of rice. Sci. Rep. 9: 1–9. doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-46437-9.

Colbach, N., Gardarin, A. and Moreau, D. (2019). The response of weed and crop species to shading: Which parameters explain weed impacts on crop production? Field Crops Res. 238: 45–55. doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2019.04.008.

Daba, B. and Mekonnen, G. (2022). Effect of row spacing and frequency of weeding on weed infestation, yield components, and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Bench Maji Zone, Southwestern Ethiopia. Int. J. Agron. 2022: 1–13. doi.org/10.1155/2022/5423576.

Dass, A., Shekhawat, K., Choudhary, A. K., Sepat, S., Rathore, S. S., Mahajan, G. and Chauhan, B. S. (2017). Weed management n rice using crop competition: A review. Crop Prot. 95: 45–52. doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2016.08.005.

Giamerti, Y. and Yursak, Z. (2013). Yield component performance and productivity of rice Inpari 13 varieties in various planting system. Widyariset 16: 481-88.doi.org /10.14203/widyariset.16.3.2013.481-484.

Htwe, T., Techato, K., Chotikarn, P. and Sinutok, S. (2021). Grain yield and environmental impacts of alternative rice (Oryza sativa L.) establishment methods in Myanmar. Appl. Ecol. Environ. Res. 19: 507-24. doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1901_507524.

Hu, Q., Jiang, W., Qiu, S., Xing, Z., Hu, Y., Guo, B., Liu, G., Gao, H., Zhang, H. and Wei, H. (2020). Effect of wide-narrow row arrangement in mechanical pot-seedling transplanting and plant density on yield formation and grain quality of japonica rice. J. Integrative Agric. 19: 1197-214. doi.org/10.1016/S2095-3119(19)62800-5.

Islam, M. H., Anwar, M. P., Rahman, M. R., Rahman, M. S., Talukder, F. U. and Sultan, M. T. (2020). Influence of weed interference period and planting spacing on the weed pressure and performance of Boro rice Cv. Brri Dhan29. Sustain. Food Agric. 2: 11–20.doi.org/10.26480/sfna.01.2021.11.20.

Istiyanti, E. (2021). Assessing farmers’ decisionmaking in the implementation of Jajar Legowo planting system in rice farming using a logit model approach in Bantul Regency, Indonesia. E3S Web of Conferences 232 : doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123201013.

Kashyap, S., Singh, V. P., Guru, S. K., Pratap, T., Singh, S. P. and Kumar, R. (2022). Effect of integrated weed management on weed and yield of direct seeded rice. Indian J. Agric. Res. 56: 33–37. doi.org/10.18805/IJARe.A-5775.

Keerthi, M. M., Srivastav, P., Rajasekar, G., Arun, A. and Babu, R. (2023). Precision nitrogen management in aerobic system for maximising paddy (Oryza sativa L.) yields: A review. Crop Res. 58: 107-15.

Kumar, P., Khan, N., Singh, P. D. and Singh, A. (2018). Study on weed management practices in rice: A review. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 7: 817-20. http://www. phytojournal.com.

Kuotsu, K. and Singh, A. P. (2020). Establishment and weed management effects on yield of lowland rice (Oryza sativa). J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 9: 1742-44. http://www.phytojournal.com.

Kurniawan, I., Kristina, L. and Awiyantini, R. (2021). Pengaruh permodelan jarak tanam Jajar Legowo terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi (Oryza sativa) varietas IPB 3S. Jurnal Daun 5: 98–109. (In Indonesian)

Kusumawati, S., Kurniawati, S., Saryoko, A. and Hidayah, I. (2022). Empowering farmer group to increase rice productivity for promoting food security: A case study of the implementation of Jarwo super technology in Lebak District, Banten, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environ. Sci. 978: doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/978/1/012007.

Lattanzi, F. A. (2010). C3/ C4 grasslands and climate change. Grassl. Sci. 15: 3–13. Malik, S., Duary, B. and Jaiswal, D. K. (2021). Integrated use of herbicide and weed mulch with closer spacing for weed management in dry direct seeded rice. Int. J. Bio-Resource Stress Manag. 12: 222-27.doi.org/10.23910/1.2021.2189d.

Megasari, R., Asmuliani, R., Darmawan, M., Sudiarta, I. M. and Andrian, D. (2021). Uji beberapa sistem tanam Jajar Legowo terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi padi varietas Ponelo (Oryza sativa L.). Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan 9: 1–9. (In Indonesia).

Mishra, S., Joshi, B., Dey, P. and Nayak, P. (2020). Effect of shading on growth, development and reproductive biology of Phalaris minor Retz. J. Pharmacog. Phytochem. 9: 803-07.

Mondal, M. M. A., Puteh, A. B., Ismail, M. R. and Rafii, M. Y. (2013). Optimizing plant spacing for modern rice varieties. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 15: 175-78.

Muslimin, Wahid, A., Sarintang and Subagio, H. (2021). Prospect of development of 2:1 “Jajar Legowo” planting system technology in the development of rice area, Takalar District. IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci. 911: ÿþ doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/911/1/012069