Impak melindungi pelarian terhadap ekonomi Malaysia

Mohd Ramlan Mohd Arshad

Abstract

Malaysia tidak menandatangani, Konvensyen Pelarian 1951 atau Protokol 1967. Oleh itu, kerajaan tiada bertanggungjawab untuk membantu pelarian tanpa kerakyatan yang mendapatkan perlindungan nyawa di negara ini. Walau bagaimanapun, kerajaan telah membantu kumpulan masyarakat terpinggir yang ditindas di negara asal mereka berdasarkan prinsip Deklarasi Sejagat Hak Asasi Manusia (UDHR) 1948. Kerajaan juga menerapkan konsep non-refoulement dalam melindungi nyawa pelarian. Mereka dibenarkan tinggal di negara ini terutamanya di pusat tahanan Imigresen Malaysia. Oleh hal yang demikian, kerajaan terpaksa menanggung kos yang terdiri daripada makanan, tempat tinggal, perbelanjaan operasi serta kos perubatan dalam mengendalikan komuniti pelarian. Beban ekonomi dalam mengendalikan pelarian telah memberi kesan kepada ekosistem ekonomi mikro dan makro di Malaysia. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif, iaitu temu bual mendalam bersama pegawai tinggi kerajaan dalam hal ehwal ekonomi bagi mendapatkan maklumat yang tepat dan terkini berkaitan kesan penerimaan pelarian pelbagai negara terhadap ekonomi negara. Hasil kajian mendapati ekonomi Malaysia mengalami impak fiskal, pasaran buruh dan keluaran dalam negara kasar yang melibatkan pelarian dan spekulator. Hal ini dapat dilihat melalui kebocoran dalam hasil cukai dan manfaat ekonomi yang boleh dijana oleh kerajaan. Kajian ini telah memberi manfaat kepada semua pihak yang terlibat dalam mengurus dan mentadbir pelarian tanpa kerakyatan di negara ini. Kata kunci : impak, ekonomi, pelarian, perlindungan, Malaysia

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