UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti perbezaan sumbangan pelbagai faktor
terhadap pencapaian akademik pelajar sekolah menengah di negeri Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan
kaedah tinjauan melibatkan 1000 pelajar dari 10 buah sekolah cemerlang (500 pelajar) dan 10 sekolah
tidak cemerlang (500 pelajar). Kajian ini bersandarkan Teori Produktiviti Pendidikan sebagai teori
asas kerangka kajian. Kaedah pensampelan rawak digunakan untuk memilih daerah, sekolah dan
responden sampel kajian. Instrumen kajian ialah soal selidik pencapaian akademik (SSPA) yang dibina
mengandungi 59 item dengan kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan tinggi serta dilakukan kajian rintis
terlebih dahulu. Data kajian dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi pelbagai dengan perisian SPSS
dan analisis laluan dengan perisian AMOS. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan faktor gaya belajar (β=0.27),
motivasi belajar (β=0.22), prestasi akademik pelajar (UPSR) (β=0.20), kualiti pengajaran (β=0.18),
persekitaran keluarga (β=0.16) merupakan penyumbang signifikan terhadap pencapaian akademik sekolah
prestasi cemerlang manakala faktor kuantiti pengajaran, persekitaran bilik darjah dan persekitaran
rakan sebaya adalah tidak signifikan. Berbeza bagi sekolah prestasi tidak cemerlang iaitu faktor
persekitaran bilik darjah (β=0.40), kualiti pengajaran (β=0.25), prestasi akademik pelajar (UPSR)
(β=0.23), persekitaran keluarga (β=0.14), motivasi belajar (β=0.13), dan kuantiti pengajaran
(β=0.10) merupakan penyumbang signifikan terhadap pencapaian akademik pelajar manakala faktor gaya
belajar dan persekitaran rakan sebaya adalah tidak signifikan. Dapatan analisis laluan bagi sekolah
prestasi cemerlang menunjukkan bahawa domain pengajaran merupakan penyumbang tertinggi berbanding
domain bakat dan domain persekitaran. Berlainan bagi sekolah prestasi tidak cemerlang domain
persekitaran merupakan penyumbang paling tinggi berbanding domain pengajaran dan domain bakat. Ini
memberikan implikasi bahawa bagi sekolah prestasi cemerlang domain pengajaran perlu diutamakan,
manakala bagi sekolah prestasi tidak cemerlang lebih
bergantung kepada domain persekitaran berbanding domain pengajaran.
|
References |
Abadzi, H. (2007). Absenteeism and beyond: Instructional tile loss and consequences. Washington, DC: Independent Evaluation Group, World Bank.
Abdi, H. (2003). Factor rotations in factor analyses. Encyclopedia of social science research, 1–8.
Abu Bakar Nordin & Bhasah Abu Bakar. (2008). Penaksiran dalam pendidikan & sains sosial. Perak Darul Redzuan: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Adelman, H., & Taylor, L. (2007). Parent & home involvement in schools. School Mental Health Project, Dept. of Psychology, UCLA, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563.
Ahmad Atory Hussain. (2004). Pengantar statistik: Pendekatan memahami statistik penyelidikan untuk golongan sains sosial. Cheras, 56100 Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publicastions & Distributor Sdn Bhd.
Ahmad Esa, Jailani Mohd. Yunus, & Noraini Kaprawi. (2005). Persepsi Pensyarah Terhadap Penerapan Kemahiran Komunikasi Menerusi Kokurikulum di Politeknik. Jurnal Penyelidikan Pendidikan, 7, 1–14.
Airasian, P. & Gay, L. R. (2003). Educational research: competencies for analysis and applications (eventh edition). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Akta Pendidikan 1996, (Akta 550).
Alias Baba. (1998). Model linier dalam penyelidikan sains sosial. UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Allan, P. (2007). Developing Successful Teaching. Effective Teaching. Bookpoint Ltd, 130 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SB, 51-53.
American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th. Ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychology testing. (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Ang Jit Eng. (2009). Kepimpinan Instruksional - Satu Panduan Praktikal. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Professional Publishing Sdn Bhd.
Anuar Ahmad, Siti Haishah Abd Rahman, Nur Atiqah Bt. Abdullah (2009). Tahap Keupayaan Pengajaran Guru Sejarah dan Hubungannya dengan Pencapaian Murid di Sekolah Berprestasi Rendah (The Relationship Between History Teachers ’ Level of Capability and Students ’ Performance in Low Performance Schools), 34(1), 53–66.
Applegate, A. J. & Applegate, M. D. (2010). A Study of Thoughful Literacy and the Motivation to Read. The Reading Teacher, 64(4), 226-227.
Argyrous, G. (2005). Statistics for research. 1 Oliver’s Yard. 55 City Road, London EC1Y 1 SP: SAGE Pulications Ltd.
Astleitner, H. H. (2005). Principles of effective instruction -- General standards for teachers and instructional designers. Journal of instructional psychology, 32(1), 3–8, diperolehi April 24, 2011 daripada http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct =true&db =a9h&AN=16802897 &site=ehost-live.
Atanda, A. I and Jaiyeoba, A. O. (2011). Effects of School-Based Quality Factors on Secondary School Students’ Achievement in English Language in South- Western, 2(2), 93–99.
Ayodele, O. D. (2014). Teacher instructional time, Student-engaged time and numerical ability as predictors of student achievement in senior secondary school chemistry, 5(3), 377–380.
Azizi Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, Jamaludin Ramli, Yusof Boon & Abdul Rahim Hamdan (2007). Menguasai Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan – Teori, Analisa, & Interpretasi Data. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Professional. Publishing Sdn Bhd.
Azizi Yahaya, Jaafar Sidek Latif, Shahrin Hashim & Yusof Boon (2005). Psikologi Sosial: Alam Remaja. Bentong, Pahang: PTS Publication & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Azizi Yahaya & Norlaily Ahmad. (2011). Faktor-Faktor Pemilihan Kursus Dan Masalah-Masalah Pembelajaran Dalam Mempengaruhi Pancapaian Akademik Pelajar Tingkatan Empat Aliran Teknikal Di Tiga Buah Sekolah Menengah Teknik di Negeri Sembilan. Journal of Technical Vocational & Engineering Education, 2(June), 93–106.
Azizi Yahaya, Shahrin Hashim, Nordiana binti Mohd Nor & Noordin Yahaya. (2007). Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosi dengan prestasi pencapaian akademik. Melaka: UITM Melaka.
Babbie, E. (2010). The Practices of Social Research. Twelfth Edition. Wardsworth 10 Davis Drive, Belmont CA 94002-3098. USA, 485-489.
Bahagian Perancangan dan Penyelidikan Dasar Pendidikan. (2012). Pelan Strategik Interim Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia 2011 - 2015. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. Diperolehi April 24, 2013 daripada http://www.moe.gov.my/pdf/Pelan Strategik Interim KPM 2011-2020.pdf.
Barnes, F. D. (2004). Inquiry and action: Making school improvement part of daily practice. Annenberg Institute for School Reform at Brown University.
Barry, J. (2005). The effect of socioeconomic status on academic achievement. Diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/bistream /10057/616/1/ t06115.pdf.
Bartlett, M. S. Tests of significance in factor analysis. British Journal of Psychology.1950; 3(Part II). 77-85.
Bartlett, J. E., Kotrlik, J. W., & Higgins, C. C. (2001). Organizational Research: Determining Appropriate Sample Size in Survey Research. Information Technology, Learning, and Performance Journal, 19(1), 43–50. doi:10.1109/LPT.2009.2020494.
Bauer, S. C. (2000). Should achievement tests be used to judge school quality? Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8. 3-4.
Beath, J. M., Gray, J., Cullen, C., Frost, D., Steward, S. & Swaffield, S. (2007). Schools on the Edge, Responding to Challenging Circumstances. Paul Chapman Publishing. A SAGE Publications Company. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP.
Beetham, H., & Sharpe, R. (2007). Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age: Designing for 21st Century Learning. Rethinking Pedagogy for a Digital Age. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8527.2008.00397_1.x.
Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indices in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246.
Beran, T. (2009). Correlates of peer victimization and achievement: an exploratory model, 46(4). doi:10.1002/pits, 348-349.
Berry, W., & Feldman, S. (2009). Multiple Regression In Practice. Sage, 1–96. doi:10.2307/3151494.
Black, T. R. (1993). Evaluating sosial science research: An Introduction. London: Sage Publications.
Blakenship, J. W., & Moore, K. D. (1977). A factor-analytic approach to needs assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 14(6), 507–514.
Blunch, N. J. (2013). Introduction to Struktural Equation Modeling: Using IBM SPSS Statistics and AMOS. SAGE Publication Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard, 55 City Road, London EC1YSP, 5-7, 85-86.
Bonett, D. G. (2002). Sample Size Requirements for Testing and Estimating Coefficient Alpha. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 27(4), 335– 340. doi:10.3102/10769986027004335.
Borich, G. D. (2007). Effective teaching methods research-based practice. Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, 2-4.
Bradley, R. H., Caldwell, B. M., Rock, S. L., Hamrick, H. M., & Harris, P. (1988). Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment: Development of a Home Inventory for use with families having children 6 to 10 years old. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 13(1), 58–71. doi:10.1016/0361- 476X(88)90006-9.
Brown, W. (1999). Some experimental results in the correlation of mental abilities. British Journal of Psychology, 3, 296–322.
Bryman, A., & Cramer, D. (1999). Quantitative data analysis with SPSS for release 8 for windows: A guide for social scientists. London: Routledge, 263-267.
Buckley, J. A., Bridges, B. K., & Hayek, J. C. (2006). What Matters to Student Success : A Review of the Literature Spearheading a Dialog on Student Success. Commissioned Report for the National Symposium on Postsecondary Student Success. USA. 5-10.
Burke, M. A. & Sass, T. R. (2011). Classroom Peer Effects and Student Achievement. Diperolehi Mac 20, 2012 daripada http://www.bostonfed.org/economic/ppdp/ 2011/ppdp1105.htm.
Burke, R., Johnsons, B & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational researh: quantitative, qualitative & mixed approaches (3rd ed). Saga Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road. Thousands Oaks, 91320 California, 222.
Bye, D., Pushkar, D., & Conway, M. (2007). Motivation, interest, and positive affect in traditional undergraduate students. Adult Education Quarterly. 57(2), 141- 158.
Calderón, M., Slavin, M & Sánchez, M. (2011). Effective Instruction for English Learners. vol. 21 / NO. 1 / spring. Diperolehi Mac 20, 2012 daripada www.futureofchildren.org.
Carter, B., & McGoldrick, M. (2005).The expanded life cycle: Individual, family, and social perspectives (3rd ed). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Champion, R., Lenard, C. T. ., & Mills, T. M. (1998). Demonstrating the Durbin- Watson statistic. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series D: The Statistician, 47(4), 643–644. doi:10.1111/1467-9884.00161.
Chan, S. G., & Rodziah, M. N. (2012). Kecerdasan Emosi dan Hubungannya dengan Perilaku dan Prestasi Akademik Pelajar Sekolah Menengah di Bachok, Kelantan. Akademika 82(2), 82(2), 109–118.
Chauhan, S. S. (2007). Principles and techniques of guidance. New Delhi. Vikas Publishing House.
Chen, F. F. (2007). Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modelling, 14, 464-504.
Chua Yan Piaw. (2008). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan Buku 1: Kaedah Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Chua Yan Piaw. (2009). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan Buku 5 : Statistik Penyelidikan Lanjuntan. Ujian Regresi, Analisis Faktor dan Analisis SEM. Kuala Lumpur : McGraw Hill (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd.
Cicchinelli, L., Den, C., Galvin, M., Goodwin, B & Parsley, D. (2006). Succes in sight. A comprehensive approach to school improvement. Mid-continent research for education and learning. 4601 DTC Blvd, Suite 500, Denver, CO 80237-2596. 303 337 0990. Diperolehi Mac 20, 2012 daripada http://www.mcrel.org.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research Methods in Education. Education (Vol. 55). doi:10.1111/j.1467-8527.2007.00388_4.x.
Cohen, J. W. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2th ed.). Hillsdale, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Corbin, J. & Strauss, A. (2008). Basic of qualitative research, Techniques and procedurs for developing grounded theory. 2455Teleer Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320: Sage Publications Inc.
Crawford, S. Y., Alhreish, S. K., Candidate, P., & Popovich, N. G. (2012). Comparison of Learning Styles of Pharmacy Students and Faculty Members, 76(10).
Creekmore, J. (2010). Intrinsic motivation and its effects on student academic achievement school. Education Articles. Views: 3430.
Creemers, B. P. M. & Kyriakides, L. (2007). The dynamics of educational effectiveness: A Contribution to policy, practice and theory in contemporary schools. Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN.
Creswell, J. W. (2010). Educational research - planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Merril Prentice Hall.
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Method Approaches (3th Ed.). SAGE Publications Inc. 2455 Teller Road. Thousands Oaks. California 91320, 152-154. Cronbach, L. J. (1970). Essentials of psychological testing. New York: Haper & Row. Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coeficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
Crosson, A. C., Boston, M., Levison, A., Matsumura, L. C., Resnick, L. B., Wolf, M. K., & Junker, B. W. (2006). Beyond Summative Evaluation, 1522(310).
Cunningham, G. K. (1986). Educational and psychological measurement: Macmillan publishing company. N.Y. and Collier Macmillan Publisher. London.
Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher Quality and Student Achievement : A Review of State Policy Evidence Previous Research. Education, 8(1), 1–44. doi:10.1038/sj.clp, 18-19, 26-27.
Darling-Hammond, L., Chung, R., & Frelow, F. (2002). Variation in Teacher Preparation. Journal of Teacher Education, 53(4), doi:10.1177/ 0022487102053004002, 286–302.
Davis, D. (2000). Supporting Parent, Family, and Community Involvement in Your School.
Davis-Kean, P. E., & Sexton, H. R. (2006). How does parents’ education level influence parenting and children’s achievement. Diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http://regd.isr.umich.edu/capca/events/CDSIIDavisKean2005.pdf.
Desforges, C. & Abouchaar, A. (2003). The Impact of Parental Involvement, Parental Support and Family Education on Pupil Achievements and Adjustment: A Literature Review. Department for Education and Skills. 2003. ISBN 1 84185 999 0.
Domene, J. F., Socholotiuk, K. D., & Woitowicz, L. A. (2010). Academic motivation in post-secondary students : Effects of career outcome expectations and type of aspiration, 1(2011), 99–127.
Dorman, J. P. (2003). Testing a Model for Teacher Burnout. Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 3(1986), 35–47.
Dowson, M. & McInerney, D.M. (2001). Psychological parameters of students’ social and work avoidance goals: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 35-42.
Drysdale, M. T., Ross, P. & Schulz, R. A. (2001). “Cognitive Learning Styles and Academic Performance in 19 First-year University Courses: Successful Students Versus Students at Risk.” Journal of Education For Students At Risk 6. 3 (2001): 271-289.
Duc, T. C., Creemer, J. F. & Sarro, P. M. (2007). Piezoresistive Cantilever Beam for Force Sensing newline in Two Dimensions. IEEE Sensors Journal, 7(1), 96–104. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2006.886992.
Dunn, R. & Dunn, K. (2003). Dunn and Dunn learning style model. Centre For The Study Of Learning And Teaching Styles At St. John’s University, New York.
Duyar, I., McNeal, L. & Kara, O. (2006). Productivity. In English. Encyclopedia of Educational Leadership and Administration. Thousand Oaks, CA, SAGE,1-7.
Dziuban, C. D., & Shirkey, E. C. (1974). When is a correlation matrix appropriate for factor analysis?. Educational Research, 81(6), 358–361. doi:10.1037/h0036316.
Ediger, M. (2009). Psychology of parental involvement in reading. Reading Improvement, 45(1), 46-52. 2.
Eisenberg, N., Valiente, C., Fabes, R. A., Smith, C. L., Reiser, M., Shepard, S. A. (2003). The relations of effortful control and ego control to children’s resiliency and social functioning. Developmental Psychology, 39, 761–776.
Eisenhauer, J. G. (2003). Regression through the Origin. Teaching Statistics, 25(3), 76–80. doi:10.1111/1467-9639.00136.
Elliot, A. J. & McGregor, H. A. (2001). A 2x2 achievement goal framework. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 80 501-519.
Elliot, A. C & Woodward, W. A. (2007). Statistical Analysis. Quic Reference Guide Book With SPSS Examples. 2455 Teller Road, Thousand Oaks, California 91320: SAGA Publications Inc.
Epstein, J. L. (1990). School and family connections: theory, research and implications for integrating sociologies of education and family. In D.G. Unger & M.B. Sussman (Eds.) Families in Community Settings: Interdisciplinary Perspectives. New York: Haworth Press.
Essen, A. & Varlander, W. S. (2012). The mutual constitution of sensuous and discursive understanding in scientific practice: An autoethnographic lens on academic writing. Management Learning, 44(4), 395–423. doi:10.1177/1350507611431529.
Fan, X. & Chen, M. (2001). Parental involvement and students’ academic achievement: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 13(1), 1-22.
Farooq, M. S., Chaudhry, A. H., Shafiq, M., & Berhanu, G. (2011). Factors affecting students’ quality of academic performance : A case of secondary school level, VII(Ii), 1–14.
Fatin, A., Salleh, A. ; M., Bilal, A. M., & Salmiza, S. (2012). Faktor penyumbang kepada kemerosotan penyertaan pelajar dalam aliran sains: satu analisis sorotan tesis. Medc2012, 2010, 17. doi:10.14221/ajte.2011v36n3.2.
Fisher, D. (2009). The use of instructional time in the typical high school classroom. The Educational Forum, 73(2), 168-173.
Fisher, C., Berliner, D., Filby, N., Marliave, R., Cahen, L., & Dishaw, M. (2015). Teaching Behaviors, Academic Learning Time, and Student Achievement: An Overview. Journal of Classroom Interaction, 50(1), 6–24. Diperolehi Oktober 30, 2016 daripada http://www.proxy.its.virginia.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com /login.aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=101359752&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
Fleming, N. D. (2001). Teaching and learning styles: VARK strategies. Christchurch, New Zeland: N.D. Fleming.
Flynt, C. J., & Day-vines, N. (2008). Predicting Academic Achievement from Classroom Behaviors, 1-4, 60-66.
Fraenkel, J. R. & Wallen, N. E. (2009). How to design and evaluate research in education. (7th ed.). New York, NY: Mc Graw-Hill.
Fraser, B. J. (1998). Classroom Environment Instruments: Development, Validity and Applications. Learning Environments Research, 1, 7–33. doi:10.1023/ A:1009932514731.
Fraser, B. J., Welch, W.W., & Walberg, H.J. (1986). Using Secondary Analysis of National Assessment Data to Identify Predictors of Junior High School Students' Outcomes. The Alberta Journal of Educational Research, 32, 37-50.
Fredriksson, U. & Hoskins, B. (2007). The Development of Learning to Learn in a European Context. The Curriculum Journal. Vol. 18, No. 2. 120-127. Doi: 10.1080/ 09585170701445921.
Gale, H. R. & Thomas M. H. (1982). A Technology for Test-Item Writing. New York : Harcourt Brace Jovonavich Publishers, 206.
Gara, P. & Davis, U. C. (2006). Peer group influence and academic aspirations across cultural groups of high school students. Center for research on Education, Diversity, and 53 excellence, diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http//crede.berkeley.edu/ research/sfc/3.5 _final.html.
Gardner, H. (1993). Multiple Intelligences Theory to practice. Intelligence. Diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MMQDgUxu 910C&pgis= 1.
Gascoigne, C. (2012). Toward an Understanding of the Relationship Between Classroom Climate and Performance in Postsecondary French: An Application of the Classroom Climate Inventory. Foreign Language Annals, 45(2), 193–202. doi:10.1111/j.1944-9720.2012.01186.
Gastwirth, J. L., Gel, Y. R., & Miao, W. (2009). The Impact of Levene’s Test of Equality of Variances on Statistical Theory and Practice. Statistical Science, 24(3), 343–360. doi:10.1214/09-STS301.
Gay, L. R. dan Diehl, P. L. (1992), Research Methods for Business and. Management, MacMillan Publishing Company, New York.
Gay, L. & Airisian, P. (2000). Educational research: Competencies of analysis and application (16th ed.). Columbus, OH: Merill.
Geiser, W. F. (1999). Effects of learning style responsive versus traditional study strategies on achievement, study and attitudes of suburban eight grade Mathematics students. Research in Middle Level Education Quarterly 22: 19-41.
Gholami, S., & Bagheri, M. S. (2013). Relationship between VAK Learning Styles and Problem Solving Styles regarding Gender and Students’ Fields of Study. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 4(4), 700–706. doi:10.4304/jltr, 700-706.
Goddard, R. D. (2003). Relational networks, social trust, and norms: A social capital perspective on students' chances of academic success. Educational Evaluations & Policy Analysis, 25, 59-74.
González, C. (2010). What do university teachers think eLearning is good for in their teaching?. Studies in Higher Education, 35(1), 61–78. doi:10.1080/ 03075070902874632.
Gonzales-Pienda, J. A., Nunez, J. C., Gonzalez-Pumariega, S., Alvarez, L., Roces, C & Garcia, M. (2002). A structural equation model of parental involvement, motivational and aptitudinal characteristics, and academic achievement. The Journal of Experimental Education, 70 (3), 257-287.
Goodall, J., & Vorhaus, W. (2011). Review of best practice in parental engagement. Education, (6), 1144–1159. Diperolehi November 18, 2013 daripada http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/45714/.
Gorsuch, R. L. (1983). Factor Analysis. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Gravetter, F. J. & Wallnau, F. L. (2007). Statistics For The Behavioral Sciences. Seven Edition. 10 Davis Drive. Belmont, CA 94002-3098. USA: Thomson Higher Education.
Graham, S., Bellmore, A. D. & Mize, J. A. (2006). Peer victimization, aggression, and their co-occurrence in middle school: Pathways to adjustment problems. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 34, 349–364.
Green, S. B., & Salkind, N. J & Alkind, T. M. (1997). Statistical Metode – Computer Programme. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Prentice-Hall., inc.
Griggs, S. & Dunn, R. (1996). Hispanic-American students and learning style. East Lansing, MI: National Center for Research on Teacher Learning. ERIC. Document Reproduction Service no. ED 393607.
Guilford, J. P. & Fruchter, B. (1978). Fundamental statistics in psychology and education (6rd ed.). Tokyo: McGraw-Hill Kogakusha Ltd.
Guillaume, D. W. & Khachikian, C. S. (2011). The Effect of Time-On-Task on Student Grades and Grade Expectations. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. Vol. 36, No. 3, May 2011, 251–261.
Gullone, E., & Robinson, K. (2005). The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment - Revised (IPPA-R) for children: A psychometric investigation. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 12(1), 67–79. doi:10.1002/cpp.433. 70-72.
Hair, J., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L & Black, W. C. (1995). Multivariate data analysis. 4th ed. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall Inc.
Hammond, D. L. (2000). “Teacher quality and student achievement: a review of state policy evidence”, Education Policy Analysis Archives. Vol. 8 No. 1, available at: http://epaa.asu. edu/epaa/v8n1/ (accessed 1 October 2006).
Hancox, R. J., Milne, B. J & Poulton, R. (2005). Association of Television Viewing During Childhood With Poor Educational Achievement. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. 159.614-618.
Hansen, J. B. (2000). “Student Performance and Student Growth as measure of success: A evaluator’s perspective”. Paper presented at annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association. New Orleans, Louisiana, April 25, 2000.
Hanushek, E. A., Kain, J. F., Markman, J. M & Rivkin, S. G. (1999). Do Peers Affect Student Achievement?. Paper prepared for the Conference on Empirics of Social Interactions. Brookings Institution, 14-15.
Harris, A., Day, C., Hadfield, M., Hopkin, D., Hangreaves, A,. Chapman, C. (2003). The Changing Context of Leadership, Research, Theory and Practice. 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4PEE: Routledge Falmer.
Hartas, D. (2008). Practices of parental participation: a case study. Educational Psychology in Practice, 24(2), 139–153. doi:10.1080/02667360802019206.
Hartas, D. (2013). Families’ social background matters: Socioeconomic factors, home learning and young children’s language, literacy and social outcomes. Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling, 1689–1699. doi:10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004.
Hatcher, L. (1994). A Step-by-Step Approach to Using the SAS® System for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, Inc.
Hawk, T. F., & Shah, A. J. (2007). Using Learning Style Instruments to Enhance Student Learning. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 5(1), 1–19. doi:10.1111/j.1540-4609.2007.00125. 1-8.
He, C., Yan, C., Field, A., Sevİm, S., Aslihan Saban, Coklar, A. N., Mcmaster, K. (2013). Factor Analysis Using SPSS. Scientific Research and Essays, 22(June), doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52272-6.00519-5, 1–26.
Healey, J. H. (2009). Statistic For Sosial Research. Eight edition. Wadsworth Cengage Learning.10 Davis Drive, Belmont, CA 94002-3098. USA, 402-403.
Heck, R. H. (2009). Teacher effectiveness and student achievement: Investigating a multilevel cross-classified model. Journal of Educational Administration, Vol. 47 Iss: 2 pp, 227-249.
Heck, R. H., & Mahoe, R. (2010). On achievement and growth Student course taking and teacher quality : their effects on achievement and growth. doi:10.1108/09513541011013051.
Henson, R. K., & Roberts, J. K. (2006). Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Published Research: Common Errors and Some Comment on Improved Practice. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(3), 393–416 doi:10.1177/ 0013164405282485.
Hill, N. E., & Taylor, L. C. (2004). Parental School Involvement and Children ’ s Academic Achievement Pragmatics and Issues, 13(4), 161–164.
Hostetler, K. (2005). What Is “Good” Education Research?. Educational Researcher, ms 16–21. doi:10.3102/0013189X034006016.
Hunter, J. & Hamilton, M. (1988). Confirmatory Factor Analysis. A Computer Program to Perform Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Program Available from First Author at the University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT. doi:10.1007/978-94- 007-0753-5_524.
Hussain, Ch. Abid. (2006). Effect of Guidance Services on Study Attitudes, Study Habits and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students. Bulletin of Education and Research, vol. 28, No. 1, 35-45.
Hussein Mahmood. (2008). Kepemimpinan Dan Keberkesanan Sekolah. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
Hutcheson, G. & Sofroniou, N. (1999). The Multivariate Social Scientist: Introductory Statistics Using Generalized Linear Models. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Ibrahim Duyar. (2006). Analyzing Education Productivity: An Essay Review. Little Rock: University of Arkansas.
Ibrahim Duyar, Neal, M. L & Kara, O. (2006). Productivity in english. Encyclopedia of educational Leadership and Administration, pp. 807-809. Thousand oaks, CA, SAGE. Inventory of School Motivation Springerlink.com.
Idris, R., Ariffin, S. R., & Ishak, N. M. (2010). Hierarki model pengukuran confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) ke atas instrumen kemahiran generik. Jurnal Kemanusiaan, 16, 1–20.
Immediacy, J. (2007). The Relationship of Teacher ’ s Immediacy to Student Motivation and Student Learning. A Literature Analysis, 32, 91–101.
Ingleby, E. (2012). Research methods in education. Professional Development in Education (Vol. 38). doi:10.1080/19415257.2011.643130.
Iyer, R. V, Kochenderfer-Ladd, B. J., Eisenberg, N., & Thompson, M. (2010). Peer victimization and effortful control: Relations to school engagement and academic achievement. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 56, 361–387, doi:10.1353/mpq.0.0058.
Jabatan Perdana Menteri. (2010). Program Transformasi Kerajaan. Unit Pengurusan Prestasi Dan Pelaksanaan (PEMANDU), 1–44. Diperolehi April 24, 2012 daripada http://jpt.mohe.gov.my/rujukan/Pelan Hala Tuju GTP.
Johanson, G. A., & Brooks, G. P. (2010). Initial scale development: Sample size for pilot studies. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 70(3), 394–400. doi:10.1177/0013164409355692.
Jones, F. (2000). Tools for teaching. Hong Kong: Frederic Jones & Associates, Inc.
Johnson, L. D., O’Malley, P. M & Bachman, J. G. (2000). National survey results on drug use from the monitoring the future study. 1975-1999 Volume 1: Secondary School Students. Ann Arbor, MI: United States of America, University of Michigan.
Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2008). Educational research: Quantitative, qualitative and mixed approaches (3rd ed). London: Sage Publication.
Jordan, W. J. & Nettles, S. M. (1999). How students invest their time out of SBV school. effects on school engagement, Perceptions of life chances, and achievement. Report No. 29, January 1999. Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed At Risk (CRESPAR), supported as a national research and development center by funds from the Office of Educational Research and Improvement, U.S. Department of Education (R-117-D400005).
Kahlenberg, R. D. (2006). Integration by income. American School Board Journal. Diperolehi April 24, 2008 daripada http://www.equaleducation. org/commentary.asp?opedi d=1332.
Kamus Dewan. (2017). Kamus Dewan edisi keempat. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
Kauchak, D. P. (2007). Learning and teaching- Based mmethods. 5th ed. 75 Arlington Street, Boston, MA 02116, 156-157.
Keith, T. Z., Fine, J. G., Taub, G. E., Reynolds, M. R., & Kranzler, J. H. (2006). Higher order, multisample, confirmatory factor analysis of the wechsler intelligence scale for children - fourth edition: What does it measure?. School Psychology Review, 35(1), 108–127.
Kerlinger, F. N. (1989). Foundations of behavioural research. Fort Worth: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
Kincheloe, J. L. (2008). An Introduction to IJCP by, 1(1).
Kincheloe, J. L. (2011). Critical pedagogy and the knowledge wars of the twenty-first century. Key Works in Critical Pedagogy, 1(1), 385–405. doi:10.1007/978-94- 6091-397-6.
King, R. B., Ganotice, F. A & Watkins, D. A. (2012). Cross-cultural validation of the inventory of school motivation (ISM) in the Asian Setting: Hong Kong and the Philippines. Child Indicators Research, 5(1), 135–153. doi:10.1007/s12187-011- 9117-3.
Kinnear, P. R. & Gray, C. D. (2010). IBM SPSS 18 Statistics made sample. Psychology Press. 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex, BN3 2FA, 454-467, 484- 486.
Kirkup, J. (2008). Middle-class children resentful at being pushed to succeed. Telegraph. Diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http://www.telegraph.co.uk/education/3330301/Mid dleclass-children-resentful- at-being-pushed-to-succeedpoll-shows.html.
Kitchens, L. J. (2003). Basics statistics and data analysis. Thomson Learning Academic Resource Centre. 1-800-423-0563.
Knollman, M. & Wild, E. (2007). Quality of parental support and students’ emotions during homework: Moderating effects of students’ motivational orientations. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 22, 63-76.
Kolb, A.Y. & Kolb, D. A. (2005). Learning Styles and Learning Spaces: Enhancing Experiential Learning in Higher Education. Academy of Management Learning and Education, 4(2), 193–212.
Krejcie, R. & Morgan, D. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610.
Kubiszyn, T. & Borich, G. (2003). Performance-based assessment. Educational Testing and Measurement: Classroom Application and Practice, 37(1), 154 – 173. doi:10.1177/10762175135096t.
Ladwig, J. G. (2007). Quality of pedagogy and student achievement : multi-level replication. Department of Education and Training Jennifer Gore, The University of Newcastle Wendy Amosa , The Unive. Research in Education, (1996), 1–15.
Lankshear, C. & Knobel, M. (2004). A handbook for teacher research: From design to implementation. Open University Press. McGraw-Hill Education. Shoppenhangers Road. Maidenhead, Berkshire. England. SL6 2QL, 145-147, 160-161.
Lasley, T. J. (2002). Instructional Models: Strategies for Teaching in a Divorce Society. Thomson Learning Academic Resource Center 1-800-423-0563, 74.
Lay Yoon Fah & Khoo Shwee Hoon. (2008). Pengenalan Kepada Analisis Statistik dalam Penyelidikan Sains Sosial siri 2. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Venton Publishing (M) Sdn Bhd.
Leaper, C. (1994). Exploring the consequences of gender segregation on social relationships. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, (65), 67– 86. doi:10.1002/cd.23219946507.
Lepper, M. R., Corpus, J. H & Iyengar, S. S. (2005). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivational Orientations in the Classroom: Age Differences and Academic Correlates. Journal of Educational Psychology, 97(2), 184–196. doi:10.1037/0022-0663.97.2.184.
Leutner, D. (2014). Motivation and emotion as mediators in multimedia learning. Learning and Instruction. journal homepage: Diperolehi April 24, 2016 www.elsevier.com/locate/learninstruc, 29, 2013–2015.
Louis, K. S, Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K. L., & Anderson, S. E. (2010). Learning from Leadership: Investigating the Links to Improved Student Learning. ERS Informed Educator (Vol. 2012). Diperolehi April 24, 2012 daripada http://stats.lib.pdx.edu/proxy.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?dir ect=true&db=ehh&AN=66564929&site=ehost-live.
Louden, W. (2000). Standards for standards: The development of Australian professional standards for teaching. Australian Journal of Education, 44(2), 118– 134. doi:10.1177/000494410004400203.
Levine, G. & Parkinson, S. (1994). Experimental methods in psychology. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Ma, X. & Klinger, D. A. (2000). Hierarchical linear modeling of student and school effects on academic achievement. Canadian Journal of Education, 25(1), 41-55.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1(2), 130–149. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.1.2.130.
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S & Hong S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4, 84-99.
Majid Konteng. (1998). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Malhotra K. Naresh. (1993). Marketing Research An Applied Orientation, second edition. Prentice Hall International Inc, New Jersey.
Mann, A. (1998). Introductory statistics. U.S.A: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
Marchant, G. J., Sharon, P & Barbara, R. (2001). Relations of Midle School Students Perceptions of Family and School Contexts With Academic Achievement. Psychology in the Schools, 38(6), 505. doi:10.1002/pits.1039.abs.
Mark, B., & Peter, C. (2001). Introduction to quantitative research. SAGE Publication Ltd, 272. doi:9781848608641.
Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370– 396. doi:10.1037/h0054346.
Max, M. F., Annastasia, M. B & Barry, M. F. (2010). Comparing achievement scores of students in gender specific classrooms with students in tradisional classrooms. University of Nebraska at Kearney, USA.
Marzano, R. J., Marzano, J. S & Pickering, D. J. (2003). Classroom management that works: Research based Strategies for every teacher. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Marzano, R., Systems, T. T., Goals, L., & Clarity, M. (2000). Designing effective projects: Thinking skills frameworks Marzano’s new taxonomy, 1-4.
Matsumura, L. C., Crosson, A., Wolf, M. K., Levison, A., & Resnick, L. (2006). Overview of the Instructional Quality Assessment, 1522(310).
McAdams, D.P. & Pals, J. L. (2006). A new big five: Fundamental principles for an integrative science of personality. American Psychologist, 61(3), 204–217.
McGhee, M. W. & Lew, C. (2007). Leadership and writing: How principals’ knowledge, beliefs, and interventions affect writing instruction in elementary and secondary schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 43(3), 358–380. doi:10.1177/ 0013161X06297202.
Mclaughlin, A. E., Campbell, F. A., Pungello, E. P., & Skinner, M. (2007). Depressive Symptoms in Young Adults: The Influences of the Early Home Environment and Early Educational Child Care, 78(3), 746–756.
McKinnon, P. J. (2012). Academic Optimism of Schools and Student Achievement,13- 20.
McMillan, J. H., & Schumacher, S. (2001). Research in education: a conceptual introduction. New York NY Longman. Diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http://books.google.pt/ books?id=Qv4Laqaaiaaj.
Meriam-Webster’s scollegiatedictionary (11th ed.). (2017). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.
Messick, S. (1989). Validity in educational Measurement. doi:10.1002/j.2330- 8516.1987.tb00244.x, 13-105.
Messick, S. (1980). Test validity and the ethics of assessment. American Psychologist, 35, 1012–1027.
Meor Ibrahim Kamaruddin & Nuremelia Mohamad Rawan. (2006). Kaitan faktor penyumbang dengan kecemerlangan akademik. Skudai, Johor: Penebit Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Messali, J. (2010). The effect of motivation on academic achievement. Diperolehi April 24, 2012 daripada http://www.ehow.com/facts_5804273_effect-motivation- academic-achievement .html#ixzz0w2aZMmCQ.
Meyer, L.H., McClure, J., Weir, K.F., Walkey, F & McKenzie, L. (2009). Motivation and chievement at secondary school. Jessie Hetherington Centre for Educational Research and the School of Psychology Victoria University of Wellington.
Meyers, L. S., Gamst, G. & Guarino, A. J. (2013). Applied multivariate research. design and interpretation. Thousands Oaks, California 91320, 324-328: SAGE Publications, Inc.
Ming, R. & Wong, H. (2007). Motivation and English attainment : A comparative study of Hong Kong students with different cultural backgrounds. Journal: Asia Pacific Education Researcher, 17(1), doi:10.3860/taper.v16i1.91, 45–60.
Minke, K. M. & Anderson, K. J. (2005). Family School Collaboration And Positive Behaviour Support. Journal Of Positive Behaviour Intervention, 7(3), 181-185.
Misnan Jemali, Ibrahim Hashim, Ahmad Yunus Kasim & Mohd Nasir Bistamam. (2003). Hubungan Antara Gaya Pembelajaran Dengan Pencapaian Akademik Kursus Tamadun Islam Di Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Fakulti Sains Kognitif Dan Pembangunan Manusia. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Tanjung Malim. Perak Darul Redzuan.
Mohd Najib, A. A., & Nor Shafrin, A. (2008). Kemahiran Belajar Dan Hubungannya Dengan Pencapaian Akademik: Kajian di Daerah Kerian, Perak. Pendidik Dan Pendidikan, 23, 29–47.
Mohd Najib Abdul Ghafar. (2006). Reka Bentuk Tinjauan Soal Selidik Pendidikan. Skudai, Johor, 81-92: Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Mok Soon Sang. (2009). Literatur dan Kaedah Penyelidikan. Selangor: Penerbit Multimedia Sdn. Bhd.
Moore, K. D. (2005). Effective instructional strategy: from theory to practices. 5455 Teller Road, Thousands Oaks, California 91320: Sage publications Inc.
Muller, C. (1998). The minimum competency exam requirement, teachers’ and students’ expectations and academic performance. Social Psychology of Education 2 (2), 199–216.
Murphy, J. (2008). The place of leadership in turnaround schools: Insights from organizational recovery in the public and private sectors. Journal of Educational Administration, 46(1), doi:10.1108/09578230810849826, 74–98.
Mushtaq, I., & Khan, S. N. (2012). Factors Affecting Students’ Academic Performance, Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume 12 Issue 9 Version 1.0 June 2012 12(9).
Mustaffa, M. S., & Abd Jamil, S. (2012). Mengenal pasti punca-punca masalah ponteng di kalangan pelajar sekolah rendah: Satu kajian kes. Journal of Educational Pyschology & Counseling, 6(June), 50–73.
Ninan, M. (2006). School Climate and its impact on school effectiveness: a case study. (Paper presented at the International Congress for School Effectiveness and Improvement at Fort Lauderdale, Florida-USA on January 04, 2006.
Noar, S. M., Anderman, E. M., Zimmerman, R. S & Cupp, P. K. (2005). Fostering Achievement Motivation in Health Education, Journal of Psychology & Human Sexuality, 16: 4, 59-76.
Noble, J. P., Roberts, W. L & Sawyer R. L. (2006). Student Achievement, Behavior, Perceptions, and Other Factors Affecting ACT Scores. ACT Research Report Series 2006 - 1.
Noraini Idris, Loh Sau Cheong, Norjoharudden Mohd Nor, Ahmad Zabidi Abdul Razak & Rahimi Md Saad. (2005). Peranan Ibu Bapa Dalam Pelaksanaan Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Sains Dan Matematik Dalam Bahasa Inggeris. Jurnal Pendidikan, Jilid 25, Universiti Malaya.
Noraini Idris. (2010). Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan. Mc Graw Hill Education (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd, 234-238, 244-245.
Norlia Abd Aziz, T. Subahan M. Merah, Lilia Halim & Kamisah Osman. (2006). Hubungan antara motivasi, gaya pembelajaran dengan pencapaian matematik tambahan pelajar tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan 31, 23 – 141.
Norusis, M.J. (1977). SPSS professional statistic 7.5. North Michigan Avenue, Chicago.
Nunnaly, J.C. (1978). Psychometric theory (2nd ed.). USA: McGraw-Hill.
Nuramelia Mohd Rawan & Meor Ibrahim. (2009). Kaitan faktor penyumbang dengan kecemerlangan akademik pelajar asrama harian. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Taknologi Malaysia. Skudau Johor.
Odden, A. (1992). Discovering educational productivity: An organizational approach, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 14(4), 303-305.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2003). Expanding the framework of internal and external validity in quantitative research. Research in the Schools, 10(1), 71–89. doi:ED419696.
Onwuegbuzie, A. J., Bustamante, R. M., & Nelson, J. A. (2010). Mixed research as a tool for developing quantitative instruments. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4(1), 56–78. doi:10.1177/1558689809355805.
Ordine, P., & Rose, G. (2009). Overeducation and Instructional Quality : A Theoretical Model and Some Facts, 3(1).
Osborne, J. W. (2014). Prediction in Multiple Regression. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, (April), 1–8. Diperolehi April 24, 2016 daripada http://pareonline.net/getvn.asp?v=7&n=2.
Ramlee Ismail, Jamal @ Nordin Yunus, Hariri Kamis. (2014). Analisis Data Kuantitatif. 53100 Kuala Lumpur: Kaisar Media Kreatif.
Pallant, J. (2001). SPSS survival manual - a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for windows (version 10): Buckingham Open University Press.
Palmer, M. (2008). “Peer group influence and selection in adolescents‟ school burnout: a longitudinal study, retrieved May 12, 2010 Diperolehi April 24, 2010 daripada http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-180028341/peer-group- influence-and.htm.
Park, H. M. (2008). Univariate analysis and normality test using SAS, Stata, and SPSS. Working paper. Indiana University Information Technology Services, 1– 41. Diperolehi April 24, 2007 daripada http://www.indiana.edu/~statmath/stat/ all/normality/index.html. Parker, T., Hoopes, O., & Eggett, D. (2011). The Effect of seat location and movement or permanence on student-initiated participation, 79–84. doi:10.1080/87567555.2010.538766
Pascarella, E. T. & Terenzini, P. (2005). How college affects students: A third decade of research. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013 - 2025. Education, 27(1), 1–268. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007.
Pew, S. (2007). Andragogy and Pedagogy as Foundational Theory for Student Motivation in Higher Education. Student Motivation, 2, 14–25. Diperolehi April 24, 2010 daripada http://park.edu/cetl/InSight/insight_vol2.pdf#page=15\nhttp: //files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ864274.pdf
Piaget, J. (2000). Commentary on Vygotsky’s criticisms of language and thought of the child and judgment and reasoning in the child. New Ideas in Psychology, 13(3), 325–340. doi:10.1016/0732-118X(95)00010-E.
Piaget, J. (2003). Cognitive Development in Children: Piaget: Development and Learning part 1. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(3), S8–S18. doi:10.1002/tea.3660020306.
Pindaan Surat Pekeliling Lembaga Peperiksaan Bil. 2 Tahun 2011: Penambahbaikan Sistem Pentaksiran Kebangsaan Bagi Penilaian Menengah Rendah (PMR) Mulai Tahun 2012 - KP.LP.003.07.14 (2) bertarikh 14 Februari 2011.
Pintrich, P. R. & Schunk, D. (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Pratt, M., Margaritis, D., & Coy, D. (1999). Developing a research culture in a university faculty. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 21(1), 43–55. doi:10.1080/1360080990210104.
Pressley, M., Levin, J.R., & Delaney, H.D. (1982). The Mnemonic Keyword Method. Review of Educational Research, 52(1), 61–91. doi:10.2307/1170273.
Program Tranformasi Kerajaan (2010). Pelan Hala Tuju. Putra Jaya: Jabatan Pengurusan Prestasi Dan Pelaksanaan, Jabatan Perdana Menteri.
Punch, K. F. (2009). Quantitative Research Design. SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Olivers Yard, 55 City Road. LKondon EC1Y 1SP, 225-229.
Regres, M. L. (2003). Multivariate multiple regression methods, 92(3 Pt 1), 1–2. doi:10.1148/rg.283075110.
Rensburg, G. H. Van. (2009). The development of a self-assessment learning style instrument for higher education, 23(1), 179–192.
Reid, N. (2006). Getting Started in Pedagogical Research in the Physical Sciences UK Physical Sciences Centre. Department of Chemistry. University of Hull. Hull HU6 7RX.
Reyes, M. R., Brackett, M. A., Rivers, S. E., White, M., & Salovey, P. (2012). Classroom emotional climate, student engagement, and academic achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(3), 700–712. doi:10.1037/a0027268.
Richardson, L. (2000). Writing: A method of Inquiry. Handbook of Qualitative Research. doi:10.1007/s007690000247.
Rief, S. F. (2005). How to Read and Teach Children with ADD/ADHD, 2nd Edition. Practical Techniques, Strategies and Interventions. Josse-Bass A Wiley Imprint, 99989 Market Street, San Francisco CA 94103-1741, 182-183.
Rissman, L.M., Miller, D.H & Torgesen, J.K. (2009). Adolescent literacy walk- through for principals: A guide for instructional leaders. Portsmouth, NH: RMC Research Corporation, Center on Instruction.
Roberts, G.A. (2007). The effect of extracurricular activity participation in the relationship between parent involvement and academic performance in a sample of third grade children. Diperolehi April 24, 2010 daripada https://www.lib.utexas.edu/etd/d/2007/ robertsg11186/robertsg 11186.
Rock, M.L. & Thread, B.K. (2009). Promote student success during independent seatwork. Intervention in School and Clinic, 44(3), 179-184.
Rockoff, J. E., & Taylor, E. S. (2016). Teacher Applicant Hiring and Teacher Performance : Working Paper 22054. National Bureau of Economic Research. 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138. Diperolehi April 24, 2017 daripada http://www.nber.org/papers/w22054.
Rohani Arbaa, Hazri Jamil, & Nordin Abd Razak. (2010). Hubungan Guru-Pelajar dan Kaitannya dengan Komitmen Belajar Pelajar: Adakah Guru Berkualiti Menghasilkan Perbezaan Pembelajaran antara Jantina Pelajar ?. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 35(2), 61–69.
Rogowsky, B. A., Calhoun, B. M., & Tallal, P. (2015). Matching learning style to instructional method: Effects on comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 107(1), 64–78. doi:10.1037/a0037478.
Rotgans, J. I. & Schmidt, H. G. (2008). Cross-cultural validation of self-regulated learning in singapore. What the West Can Learn From the East: Asian Perspectives on the Psychology of Learning and Motivation, pp. 245–266 Copyright © 2008 by Information Age Publishing.
Rourke, L., & Anderson, T. (2004). Validity in quantitative content analysis. Educational Technology Research and Development, 52(1), doi:10.1007/ BF02504769, 5–18.
Ruth Ming Har Wonng. (2007). Motivation and English Attainment: A Comparative Study of Hong Kong Students with Different Cultural Backgrounds. The Asia Pacific-Education Researcher. Vol. 16, No. 1, 48-51.
Ryan, A. M. (2000). Peer groups as a context for the socialization of adolescents’ motivation, engagement, and achievement in school. Educational Psychologist, 35, 101-112.
Ryan, R. M. & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations: Classic Definitions and New Directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology 25, University of Rochester, 54–67.
Sabitha Marican. (2006). Penyelidikan Sains Sosial: Pendekatan Pragmatik. Selangor: Edusystem Sdn. Bhd.
Sacker, A., Schoon, I & Bartley, M. (2002). Social inequality in educational achievement and psychological adjustment throughout childhood: magnitude and mechanisms. Social Science and Medicine, 55, 863-880.
Saemah Rahman & John Arul Phillips. (2006). Hubungan antara Kesedaran Metakognisi, Motivasi dan Pencapaian Akademik Pelajar Universiti. Jurnal Pendidikan 31(2006), 21-39.
Sarana Ibu Bapa (2012). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Schlechty, P. C. (2009). Leading for Learning: How to Transform Schools into Learning Organizations. 989 Market Street, San Francisco, CA 94103-1741: A Wiley Imprint.
Schmidt, H.-J. (1997). Students’ misconceptions - Looking for a pattern. Science Education, 81(2), 123–135. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1098-237X(199704)81:2<123:: AID-SCE1>3.0. CO;2-H.
Schreiner, L., & Louis, M. (2006). Measuring engaged learning in college students: Beyond the borders of NSSE. Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education, 1–30. Diperolehi April 24, 2008 daripada http://scholar.google.com/scholar? hl=en&btnG=Search&q=intitle:Measuring+ Engaged+Learning+in+College+Students:+Beyond+the+Borders+of+NSSE#0.
Seashore Louis, K., Leithwood, K. a, Wahlstrom, K. L., & Anderson, S. E. (2010). Learning from Leadership: Investigating the Links to Improved Student Learning. ERS Informed Educator, 2012(10/7/2012), 1–11. Diperolehi April 24, 2012 daripada http://stats.lib.pdx.edu/proxy.php?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login. aspx?direct=true&db=ehh&AN=66564929&site=ehost-live, 9-10, 45-85.
Sedgwick, P. (2010). Independent samples t test. Bmj, 38(3), 1–9. doi:10.1136/bmj.c2673.
Sekaran, U. (1992). Research methods for bussiness: a skill-building approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sekaran, U. (2006). Research method of business: A skill-building approach. Writing. Diperolehi April 24, 2008 daripada http://www.slideshare.net/basheerahmad/ research-methods-for-business-entire-ebook-by-uma-sekaran.
Sengodan, V., & Iksan, Z. H. (2012). Students ’ Learning Styles and Intrinsic Motivation in Learning Mathematics, 8(16). doi:10.5539/ass.v8n16p17.
Shahril @ Charil Marzuki. (2005). Amalan Pengajaran Guru yang Berkesan: Kajian di beberapa Sekolah Menengah di Malaysia. Fakulti Pendidikan. Universiti Malaya, 2-12.
Shahril @ Charil Marzuki. (2004). Pembentukan Kerangka Teori Sekolah Cemerlang. Masalah Pendidikan, 27, 23–38. Diperolehi April 24, 2008 daripada http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/5084/, 23-29.
Shein, P. P., & Chiou, W. (2011). Teachers as Role Models for Students. 39(8), 1097– 1104.
Sheldon, S. B. (2005). Getting families involved with NCLB: Factors affecting school’s enactment of Federal Policy. Paper presented at the Sociology of Education Section No Child Left Behind Conference at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Philadelphia.
Shulman, L. E. (2011). Understand : Knowledge, 15(2). Diperolehi April 24, 2013 daripada http://www.jstor.org/stable/1175860, 4–14.
Shumox, L. & Lomax, R. (2001). Parental efficacy: Predictor of parenting behavior and adolescent outcomes. Parenting, 2(2), 127-150.
Sims, R. R. & Sims, S. J. (1995). The importance of learning styles: Understanding the implications for learning, course design and education. Westport: Connecticut: Greenwood Press.
Skowronek, J., Friesen, B., & Masonjones, H. (2011). International Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 5(1), 1–20.
Slater, J., Lujan, H., & Di Carlo, S. (2007). Does gender influence learning style preferences of first-year medical students? Advances in Physiology Education, 31(4), 336–342. doi:10.1152/advan.00010.2007.
Slater, R. & Teddlie, C. (1992). Toward a theory of school effectiveness and leadership. School Effectiveness and School, 37–41. doi:10.1080/0924345920030402.
Slavin, R.E. (1994). A theory of school and classroom organization. School and Classrooom Organization. Hillsdale, N J :Erlbaun.
Slavin, R.E. (1994). A Model of Effective Instruction. Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed at Risk: Johns Hopkins University.
Slavin, R.E. (1996). Research For The Future Research On Cooperative Learning And Achievement: what we know, what we need to know. Center for Research on the Education of Students Placed at Risk, Johns Hopkins University. Contemporary educational psychology 21, 43–69.
Slavin, R.E. (2010). Cooperative Learning. In International Encyclopedia of Education (pp. 177-183). doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-044894-7.00494-2.
Smith, E. P. (1997). Methods of multivariate analysis. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference (Vol. 59). doi:10.1016/S0378-3758(96)00098-5.
Spearman, C. (1987). The proof and measurement of association between two things. By C. Spearman, 1904. The American Journal of Psychology, 100(3-4), 441–471. doi:10.2307/1412159.
Stage, F. K., Carter, H. C., & Nora, A. (2004). Path Analysis : An Introduction and Analysis of a Decade of Research. The Journal of Educational Research, 10003(1), 5–12. doi:10.3200/JOER.98.1.5-13.
Standard Kualiti Pendidikan Malaysia (2009). 3-4.
Stata, A. U., & Park, H. M. (2005). Comparing Group Means : The T-test and One- way. The Trustees of Indiana University, 1–57.
Steinberg, S. R., Kincheloe, J. L., & Willis, P. (2010). Power, Emancipation, and Complexity: employing critical theory. Power and Education, 2(2), 140. doi:10.2304/power.2010.2.2.140.
Stephanou, G. (2012). Students’ school performance in language and mathematics: Effects of hope on attributions, emotions and performance expectations. International Journal of Psychological Studies Vol. 4, No. 2.
Stiggins, R. (2008). Assessment for Learning, the Achievement Gap, and Truly Effective Schools. A presentation at the Educational Testing Service and College Board Conference, Educational Testing in America: State Assessments, Achievement Gaps.
Stronge, J. H. (2013). Principal Evaluation from the Ground Up. Educational Leadership, 70(7), 60–65. Diperolehi Mei 24, 2015 daripada http://search.ebscohost.com/ login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=86921391 &site= ehost-live.
Subtonil, R. F., & Walberg, H. J. (2006). The Scientific Basis Of Educational Productivity. United States Of America: Information Age Publishing, Inc.
Sulaiman Ngah Razali. (2002). Analisis Data Dalam Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Selangor Darul Ehsan: Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.
Sundre, D. L. (1999). Does examinee motivation moderate the relationship between test consequences and test performance?. Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.
Suppian Nachiappan. (2009). Pembelajaran dan Perkembangan Pelajar. Shah Alam, Selangor: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd, Hicom-Glenmarie Industrial Park.
Surat Siaran Lembaga Peperiksaan Bil. 3 Tahun 2011: Pemakluman Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah (PBS) di Sekolah Rendah dan Menengah Rendah - KP.LP.003.07.14.05 (1) bertarikh 29 Julai 2011.
Surat Pekeliling Ikhtisas Bil. 9/2003: Sistem Laporan Adab Belajar Murid-murid Sekolah. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.
Swanson, J., Valiente, C., & Lemery-chalfant, K. (2012). Predicting Academic Achievement from Cumulative Home Risk : The Mediating Roles of Effortful Control , Academic Relationships , and School Avoidance, 58(3), 375–408.
Tabachnick, B. G. & Fidell L. S. (2007). Using Multivariate Statistics. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. 116-118, 122-128.
Tan Sri Muhyddin Yassin. (2013). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013- 2025. Petikan Ucapan Tan Sri Muhyiddin Yassin Ketika Membentangkan Laporan Awal Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025 Pada 13/9/2012, 27(1), 1–12. doi:10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007.
Teddlie, C., Kirby, P. C., & Stringfield, S. (1989). Effective versus Ineffective Schools: Observable Differences in the Classroom. American Journal of Education, 97(3), 221–236. doi:10.1086/443925, 221-228.
Tengku Asmadi Tengku Mohamad. (2011). Motivasi Alihan Pelajar. Batu Caves, Selangor: PTS Millenia Sdn. Bhd.
Teo, T. (2012). Examining the intention to use technology among pre-service teachers: An integration of the Technology Acceptance Model and Theory of Planned Behavior. Interactive Learning Environments, 20(1), 3–18. doi:10.1080/10494821003714632.
Thomas, R. M. (2003). Blending Qualitative And Quantitative Research Methods In Theses And Dissertations. Thousand Oaks, California 91320: Corwin Press, Inc. A Sage Publications Company.
Thorkildsen, T. E. (2005). Fundamentals of Measurement in Applied Research. Boston, MA 02116: Pearson Education, Inc.
Thorndike, R.L. (1988). Reliability. Dalam J. P. Keeves (ed.). Educational research, methodology, and measurement: An international handbook. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Tiller, A., Garrison, B., Benchea Block, E., Cramer, K., & Tiller, V. (2003). The Influence of Parenting Styles on Children’s Cognitive Development. Undergrad Res J Hum Sci, 2, 1–21.
Tschannen-moran, M., Bankole, R. A., Mitchell, R. M., & Moore, D. M. (2013). Student Academic Optimism : a confirmatory factor analysis, 51(2), 150–175. doi:10.1108/09578231311304689.
Tuckman, B. W. (1975). Measuring educational outcomes: Fundamentals of testing. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc.
Ulyani, N., Najib, M., Yusof, N. A., & Osman, Z. (2011). The Relationship between Students ’ Socio- Economic Backgrounds and Student Residential Satisfaction, 1200–1206.
Vansteenkiste, M., Simons, J., Lens, W., Soenens, B., Matos, L & Lacante, M. (2004). Less is sometimes more: Goal content matters. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96, 755-764.
Vasileva-Stojanovska, T., Malinovski, T., Vasileva, M., Jovevski, D., & Trajkovik, V. (2015). Impact of satisfaction, personality and learning style on educational outcomes in a blended learning environment. Learning and Individual Differences, 38, 127–135. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2015.01.018.
Veloo, A., & Muhammad, S. (2011). The Relationship Between Attitude , Anxiety and Habit of Learning with Additional Mathematics Achievement ), 26(1), 15– 32.
Vierra, A. & Pollock, J. (1998). Reading educational research. Prectice- Hall , Inc, 19-21, 99-101.
Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. Mind and Society. doi:10.1016/S0006-3495(96)79572-3.
Walberg, H.J. (1984). Improving the productivity of America's schools. Educational Leadership, 41, 19-27.
Walberg, H.J. (2005). Improving Educational Productivity: As Assessment of Extant Research. In H. J. Warlberg & R. F. Subotnik (Eds.), The Scientific Basis Of Educational Productivity. Greenwich, CT: Information Age. 103-137.
Walberg, H.J. & Stariha, W. E. (1992). Productive human capital: Learning. creativity and eminence. Creativity Research Journal, 5(4), 323-340.
Walberg, H.J. (1981). A psychological theory of educational productivity. In F. H. Farley & N. U. Gordon (Eds.), Psychology and education. Berkeley, CA: McCutchan.
Walberg, H.J. (1988). Creativity and talent as learning. In R. J. Sternberg (Ed.), The nature of creativity: Contemporary psychological perspectives (pp. 340-361). Cambridge University Press.
Walker, M.N. & Goldstein, S. (2001). Learning disabilities and challenging behaviors: A guide to intervention and classroom management. Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Co.
Walter, D.W. & Teri, King. (2012). Fort Worth Independent Independent School District. Final report. Accountability & Data Quality. Secondary Student Survey Report.
Walter, R.B. & Meredith D.G. (1979). Educational Research ; An Introduction (3th Ed), New York: Longman, 65-70.
Wang, M.T., & Holcombe, R. (2010). Adolescents’ Perceptions of School Environment, Engagement, and Academic Achievement in Middle School. American Educational Research Journal, 47(3), 633–662. doi:10.3102/0002831209361209.
Wan Mohd Zahid Wan Nordin. (2000). “Penekanan Kepada Perkembangan Potensi Individu Secara Menyeluruh Dan Bersepadu.” Berita Harian: m.s 7.
Wan Zah Wan Ali, Sharifah Md Nor, Siti Suria Salim, Othman Mohamed, Kamariah Abu Bakar, Arshad Abd. Samad, Hayat Marzuki. (2009). Persepsi Pelajar Berisiko Terhadap Iklim Pembelajaran (At-Risk Students’ Perception Toward Learning Climate). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 34(1), 17–36.
Weijters, B., Baumgartner, H., & Schillewaert, N. (2013). Reversed item bias: An integrative model. Psychological Methods, 18, 320–334. doi:10.1037/a0032121.
Weiner, B. (1985). An attributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Wainer, H., & Braun, H. I. (1988). Test Validity. New Jersey : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 20-25.
Weiss, H. B., Kreider, H., & Lopez, M.E. (2010). Preparing educators to engage families (2th ed).Case studies using an ecological systems framework. 2-5.
Weidman, J. (1989). Undergraduate socialization: A conceptual approach. In J. Smart (Ed.), Higher education: Handbook of theory and research, 5, New York: Agathon.
Wiersma, W. (1995). Research methods in education : an introduction. (6th ed). Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon.
Willms, J. D. (2000). Monitoring school performance for standards-based reform. Evaluation and Research in Education, 14:3&4, pp. 237–253.
Williams, J. S., & Child, D. (2003). The Essentials of Factor Analysis. Contemporary Sociology (Vol. viii). doi:10.2307/2061984.
Williams, M., Grajales, C. A. G., & Kurkiewicz, D. (2013). Assumptions of multiple regression: Correcting two misconceptions. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 18(11), 1–14.
Williams, P.A., Haertel, E.H., Haertel, G. D., & Walberg, H. J. (1982). The impact of leisure-time television on school learning. American Educational Research Journal, 19, 19-50.
Willis, M. & Hodson, K. (1999). Discover Your Child’s Learning Style. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub.
Williams, K. C., & Williams, C. C. (2011). Five key ingredients for improving student motivation. Research in Higher Education Journal, 12, 1–23. doi:10.5430/ijhe.v4n1p22.
Wilson, M. L. (2012). Student’s Learning Style Preferences and Teachers’ Instructional Strategies: Correlations Between Matched Styles and Academic Achievement. STRATE Journal, 22(1), 36-44. Diperolehi April 24, 2014 daripada http://apbrwww5.apsu.edu/STRATE/.
Wolf, R.M. (1988). Questionnaires. In Keeves, J.P. (Eds.) Educational Research, Methodology and Measurement: An International Handbook. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 478–482.
Wood, S.E. & Wood, G. E. (1999). The Essential World of Psychology. MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Xianglei Chen. (1997). Students’ Peer Groups in High School: The Pattern and Relationship to Educational Outcomes. U.S. Department of Education Office of Educational Research and Improvement NCES 97-055. MPR Associates, Inc.
Yeh, M.Y. (2006). Factors associated with alcohol consumption, problem drinking, and related consequences among high school students in Taiwan. Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 46-54, diperolehi April 24, 2008 daripada http://www.Blackwell-synergy.com.
Yusuf, N. Y., Abu, R., & Yunus, A. S. (2014). Tingkah laku, emosi dan kognitif murid sebagai faktor peramal pencapaian akademik. Journal of Human Capital Development, 7(1), 1–20.
Zakaria Stapa, A. M. I. dan N. Y. (2012). Faktor persekitaran sosial dan hubungan dengan pembentukan jati diri. Jurnal Hadhari Special Edition. ms 155-172, 155– 172. Zalizan Mohd Jelas, Saemah Rahman, & Roselan Baki. (2005). Prestasi akademik mengikut gender. Jurnal Pendidikan, 30, 93–111.
Zeller, R.A. (1988). Validity. Dalam J. P. Keeves (ed.). Educational research, methodology, and measurement: An international handbook. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Zimmerman, B.J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. R. Pintrich, & M. Zeidner (Eds.), Handbook of self-regulation (pp. 13-39). San Diego: Academic Press.
Zabel, R.H & Zabel, M.K. (1996). Classroom management in context: Orchestrating positive learning environment. Bonston, Toronto: Houghton Mifflin Co.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |