Detection of SpaP and vicR genes in non-biofilm producing Streptococcus mutans isolated from dental caries and plaque

Aljubouri, Sahira A.

Abstract

Evidence accumulated over many decades has clearly shown that Streptococcus mutans is a major agent in dental caries. S. mutans SpaP gene (Cell Surface Antigen) mediates the binding of these cariogenic bacteria to tooth surfaces. This study aimed to detect the presence of SpaP and vicR genes in non-biofilm-forming S. mutans isolated from dental plaques. In this study, 120 clinical samples were obtained from different dental clinics and hospitals in Baghdad. 26 bacterial isolates were identified as S. mutans by using selective media (Mitis-salivarius agar) and microscopic examination after gram staining then confirmed S. mutans by molecular detection using SpaP genes. Interestingly, all 26 isolates were non-biofilm forming after microtiter plate assay based on the crystal violet staining method, and negatively resulted in the detection of vicR gene which is responsible for biofilm formation. Ten antibiotics (doxycycline, ofloxacin, tetracycline, erythromycin, vancomycin, clindamycin, rifampicin, imipenem, amikacin and cefepime) were used to examine the sensitivity of S. mutans isolates, all isolates were multi-drugs resist (MDR) for all 10 antibiotics used. We can conclude that the biofilm-forming ability has no major role in the antibiotic resistance mechanism or virulence of S. mutans. Keywords: non-biofilm producing Streptococcus mutans, SpaP gene, vicR gene, dental plaque, multidrugs resist

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