Optimization of solar hybrid gravity system with battery energy storage for elevation systems

Mohd Ridhuan bin Ismail

Abstract

This research studies the performance and efficiency of a solar hybrid gravity system integrated with battery energy storage. The study aims to optimize the design using a 50-Watt Solar PV, an 18Ah SLA Battery, and a Water Gravity Energy Storage Tank. Energy consumption was evaluated using the SLA Battery, Solar PV, and a 22-Watt Water Pump at various tank heights to measure efficiency improvements and battery lifespan extension. The methodology involved three procedures with five data loggers: a flow meter, a pyranometer, and three unit Watt Meter. Initially, a fully charged SLA Battery was tested at different tank heights (1.5m to 3.5m) every 15 minutes. Subsequently, the 50-Watt Solar PV was tested directly at a 3-meter height. Lastly, the Solar Hybrid Gravity System with Battery Energy Storage was monitored for seven days at a 3-meter height. Results indicated a 600% increase in battery performance at 80% Depth of Discharge (DOD), suggesting the battery's optimal use as a backup power source, thereby extending its lifespan. The SLA Battery shows a 22.1% charging and discharging loss at 5% DOD, while the 22-Watt Water Pump is achieved an 11.0 L/min rate at peak solar radiation, with a maximum motor power of 24.32 Watts. The minimum solar radiation required for efficient pump operation was 300 W/m². In conclusion, the study optimizes the solar hybrid gravity system's energy efficiency, reduces battery dependence, and enhances battery lifespan, promoting sustainable solutions for elevation applications. Keywords: Solar energy, gravity energy storage, battery efficiency, water pumping, energy optimization

References

Amini MH, Mohammadi-Ivatloo B. (2017). Optimal operation of energy hubs in the presence of battery storage systems and renewable energy resources. Renewable Energy, 113, 832-840.

Blanco JM, Muralidhar R, Salasovich J. (2018). Gravity energy storage for renewable energy systems. Energy Procedia, 155, 404-411.

Chen Q, Lee H. (2022). Optimization strategies for industrial battery storage systems. International Journal of Energy Research, 43(3), 567-579.

Dehghani-Sanij AR, Tharumalingam MP, Dusseault MB, Fraser R. (2019). Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 104, 192-208.

Doucette RT, McCulloch MD. (2011). Modeling the prospects of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles to reduce CO2 emissions. Applied Energy, 88(7), 2315-2323.

Garcia D, Perez J. (2021). Energy loss mechanisms in battery systems and their impact on conversion efficiency. Journal of Renewable Energy Systems, 13(2), 112-126.

Ghasempour R, Kamal R. (2021). Direct solar energy utilization in water pumping systems. International Journal of Solar Energy, 45(2), 122-135.

Ghosh A, Dutta S. (2020). Performance evaluation of a solar water pumping system. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 142(4), 041008.

Jain A, Agarwal A. (2018). Impact of solar panel orientation on energy production. Journal of Solar Energy, 120, 345-355.

Johnson R, Smith K. (2015). Recent advances in photovoltaic technology and its applications. Renewable Energy, 79, 232-240.

Lift Energy Storage Technology. (2022). Lift Energy Storage Technology: A solution for decentralized urban energy storage.

Lukic SM, Cao J, Bansal RC, Rodriguez F, Emadi A. (2006). Energy storage systems for automotive applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55(6), 2258-2267.

Meza J, Remes J, Overly J. (2014). Electric vehicle battery charging and discharging efficiencies. Journal of Power Sources, 268, 482-489.

Reza MS, Noor F, Ismail MR. (2024). Enhancing energy efficiency with optimized hybrid systems. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 16, 123-134.

Shahsavari A, Akbari M. (2018). Potential of solar energy in developing countries for reducing energy costs and carbon emissions. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 90, 275-291.

Waldmann T, Wilka M, Kasper M, Fleischhammer M, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M. (2014). Temperature dependent ageing mechanisms in Lithium-ion batteries – a post-mortem study. Journal of Power Sources, 262, 129-135.