UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun |
Kajian ini adalah mengenai penglibatan imigran Cina dalam kegiatan perlombongan bijih
timah di daerah Lukut dari tahun 1824 sehingga 1920. Aktiviti perlombongan bijih timah
merupakan faktor yang mendorong penglibatan imigran Cina di daerah Lukut. Metodologi
kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan membuat analisis dokumen dan
manuskrip merujuk sumber primer dari Arkib Negara Malaysia dan Muzium Lukut seperti
Laporan Tahunan Negeri Sembilan dan Report Tin Mining. Analisis daripada sumber
sekunder turut dilakukan bagi mendapatkan maklumat dengan merujuk buku dan artikel di
Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun (UPSI) dan Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Dapatan kajian
membuktikan semenjak kedatangan imigran Cina, kota Lukut mengalami perubahan yang
pesat khususnya dalam aktiviti perlombongan bijih timah. Perkembangan ini disebabkan
oleh peningkatan dalam jumlah pengeluaran bijih timah ekoran pengenalan teknologi
baharu dalam kaedah perlombongan. Selain itu, kemasukan mereka turut merubah
landskap kota Lukut dari sebuah pekan kecil lalu berkembang menjadi sebuah bandar yang
setanding dengan bandar di Eropah ekoran kemunculan pelbagai premis perniagaan,
kemudahan prasarana serta jaringan pengangkutan. Namun, kemasukan imigran Cina turut
menimbulkan kesan negatif antaranya, kegiatan kongsi gelap, pelacuran, ketagihan candu,
arak dan judi. Dapatan juga menunjukkan kemasukan imigran Cina menyebabkan berlaku
pertelingkahan dalam kalangan pembesar Melayu sehingga mendorong campur tangan
British di Lukut. Selain itu, masyarakat tempatan turut kehilangan mata pencarian dalam
sektor ini ekoran kebanjiran imigran Cina di Lukut. Kesimpulannya, penglibatan imigran
Cina dalam kegiatan perlombongan bijih timah membawa perubahan besar kepada
perkembangan Lukut tetapi hanya menguntungkan British dan orang Cina manakala
masyarakat tempatan terpinggir dan pemodenan berlaku hanya di kawasan sekitar
perlombongan sahaja. Implikasi kajian ini sangat penting khususnya kepada Arkib Negara
Malaysia dan institusi berkepentingan lain dalam menyebarluaskan pemahaman tentang
kesan kemasukan imigran Cina di daerah Lukut. |
References |
Sumber Primer
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C.S 176/90 & H.C.O. 759. Appointment of a Commission in Enquire into the Tin Mining Industry. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
Chinese 4316-1905. Applies for Approval to Opening of Toddy Shop. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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CO 435/1. Annual Report 1895. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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Federated Malay States 1920. Report on the Administration of the Mines Department and on the Mining Industries for the Year 1919. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
MISC 1495/1910. Importation of Chinese Coolies into the FMS Enquire if there are any Rules Governing the-or any Restrictions as the Numbers. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
MISC 2752/88. Ask for Information with Reference to Clauses V & VI of the New Chinese Labour Regulations. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. Miscellaneous 3278/1918. Registration of Chinese Prostitute House. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
SP.13/E/54. Kedatangan Orang Cina ke Tanah Melayu. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
Straits Settlement Record. F1.22 Ogos 1818: The Administration Report of the State of Selangor for the Year 1889. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0000002. Re Appointment of Mr. Davidson as Resident Selangor. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0000013. Asks Captain China to Assist Towkay Ah Chen to Work in Selangor. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/000148. Authorizes Guarantee by the Selangor Government of Advance up to $10,000 to the Captain China. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0000403. Re Detention of Captain China’s Tin. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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1957/0002326. Applies for Contract Survey in the State. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0002442. Assayed of Tin Samples from Captain China’s Mine. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0004614. Re Working Hours of Chinese Coolies on the Railway. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0005712. Re-the Cooking Chandu for Chinese Coolies Employed on the Railway. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0006347. Annual Report of the States of Sungai Ujong and Jelebu 1893. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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1957/0012029. Calls Attention to the Large Number of Absconding Coolies. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0012527. Asks for Information with Reference to Clauses V & VI of New Chinese Labour Regulations. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0016217. Ask for Reduction in the Duty on Tin. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0019941. Edaran Risalah tentang Peraturan Pekerja Buruh Cina. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0021104. MISC 6137/90 Appeals Against the Decision of the Captain China in a Case Brought Against Him for the Recovery of Wages. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0061300. The Protected States of Perak, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan dan Pahang. To be Style the Federated Malay States in Future. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0063349. Proof of Negri Sembilan Report for 1895. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0067538. Imposition of an Extra Tax of $4 on every Chest of Opium Imported. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0067582. Approves of the Reduction of Duty on Tin in Perak, Selangor from $12.50 to $12 Sebahara and in Negri Sembilan from $12.25 to $12 from 1 August. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0075297. Document Concerning Certain Powers Granted to Raja Jamat of Lukut and 4 orang Besar Ka Ampat of Selangor by His Highness the Sultan. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0081660. Chinese Labour Code in Mining. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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1957/0088006. Report on Mining in FMS in 1897 by Mr J.B Dykes Warden of Mines Negri Sembilan. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/00997949. Return of Tin, Tin Ore & Duty Collected. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0151327. Chandu Monopolies in the Coast District of Selangor and Negeri Sembilan. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0153652. Appointment of Superintendent of Chandu Monopoly. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0202599. States that the Revenue in his District. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0287556. Sel. Sec. General. Perlombongan Bijih Timah Secara Terbuka di Selangor oleh Pemeriksa Lombong Kuala Lumpur iaitu Mr. J.B. Mackie. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0290230. Tin Mines in Selangor. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0424241. Kongsi Notices in re Suppression of Secret Society in Negri Sembilan. Arkib Negara Malaysia Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0424263. Re Export of Tin Ore from Negeri Sembilan Forwards. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0424383. Application by See Koh Lye for 500 Acres of Land for Pepper Cultivation at Lukut. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0424747. Proposes to Appoint Poh Ah Sow as Captain China. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0426203. Return of Opium Imported for the Coast District of 1896. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0426749. Annuals the Bail Bond of the Captain China. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0426981. Ask for some Information in Export of Tin & Ore. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0426981. Asks for some Information Mines 1006/1893. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0428419. Misc 3092/1899. Hydraulic (or Other) Mining at Lukut, Ask to be Permitted to Prospect the Available Land for the Purpose of. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0430084. Kong Yu Chongs Application for Land for Tin Mining at Lukut:- Forward & Recommends. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0430162. Price him for the Preparation of 1904 Estimates Informs it is to be $70 Per Picul. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0430222. Coast 3414-1903. Amended Estimates 1904 Salaries & other Charges. Forward. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0430223. Mr. Kester Application for a Prospecting License for Tin Mining in the Lukut Valley. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0430392. Towkay Tang Kang Swee’s Application for Prospecting Licence in Lukut Valley. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0430967. Return of the Number & Tonnage of Steam Vessels Entered and Cleared for 1903. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0431196. Reports on the Trade Return for 1903. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0432899. Monthly Return of Land Revenue for the Year 1905, Forwards. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0432989. Annual Report to the Commissioner of Land and Mining. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0433072. Annual Report on the Lands and Mines Department in the Coast District for the Year 1904. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/ 0433180. Annual Report on the Coast District for 1904. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0433180. Annual Report in the Coast District for 1904. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0434799. Application from Towkay Tan Kay Swee for a License to Prospect for Tin in Lukut Kechil Valley. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0434918. Annual Report on the Tin Mining Industry for in Negri Sembilan for 1905. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/ 0435843. Acquisition of Land for the Construction of Lukut Road. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0437235. Tenders for the Coast Chandu Farm. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0437475. Proposed Opium Regie. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0437590. Report of his Inspection of the Coast Chandu and Spirit. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0437854. Application by One Wee Loh Gee for Acres of State Land at Lukut. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/ 0438289. Application by Mr. CA. Campbell for a License to Prospect for Tin over 2000 Acres of Land at Lukut. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0439459. Re’ Statement of Tin and Tin Ore Exported via Port Dickson during 1911. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0442177. Limitation of the Term “Coast” to the Coast District of Negri Sembilan. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0442573. Areas Closed to Prospecting and Mining, Coast District. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. 1957/0442591. Reduction in Certain Circumstances of the Royalty Payable on Tin. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0445935. Application for 50 Acres of Land in the Mukim of Lukut. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0598332. Arrangement for the Repatriation of Destitute Chinese Coolies. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0605666. Controller of Labour F.M.S in 1918. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/0605929. H.C.O. No. Colonies. Profiteering Amongst the Tin Ore Dealers in the F.M.S. S.T.Co. Urge that some Action to be taken by Govt to Stop. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
1957/061839. H.C.O. MISC 524. 1921. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
2000/0013031. Annual Report 1898 (N.9). Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
2002/0003618. Surat-surat Persendirian Raja Jumaat dan Raja Bot. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
2007/0004085. Sg Ujong & Jelebu Estimates of the Revenue and Expenditure 1895. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
2007/0006346. Annual Report on the Native State of Sungai Ujong 1877. Financial Report on the States of Sungai Ujong 1882 and Report on the State of Sungai Ujong 1883. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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2007/0006347. Annual Report of the Sungai Ujong and Jelebu for the Year 1893. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
2012/0002823. Peta Lukut to Sungai Ujong. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
2013/0004927. 1936-Federated Malay States by H.G. Harris Annual Report on the Administration of the Mines Department and the Mining Industries. Arkib Negara Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur.
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Sumber Sekunder
Jurnal
Ahmad Kamal Ariffin Mohd Rus, Noor Ain Mat Noor & Mohamad Khairul Anuar Mohd Rosli. “Lukut, 1846-1864: Bandar Terawal di Selangor.” Jebat: Malaysia Journal of History. Politics & Strategic Studies. Vol.47 (2). (2020):175-198. https://ejournal.ukm.my/jebat/article/view/41451/10810-
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Buku
Amarjit Kaur. Perkembangan Ekonomi Selangor: Suatu Tinjauan Sejarah. Ed. Adnan Nawang & Mohd Fadzil Othman. Selangor Dahulu dan Sekarang. Kuala Lumpur: Persatuan Muzium Malaysia. 1985.
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Muhd. Yusof Ibrahim. Ilmu Sejarah Falsafah Pengertian Kaedah dan Pensejarahan Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka. 2016.
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Sadka, Emily. The Protected Malay States 1874-1895. Kuala Lumpur: University of Malaya Press Singapore. 1968.
Swettenham, Frank. An Account of the Progress of British Influence in Malaya, British Malaya. London: Plymouth William Brendon and Sons Limited, 1906
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Warnford,C.G. Mining in Malaya for Gold and Tin. London: Crowther and Goodman. 1907.
Wong, L. K. The Malayan Tin Industry to 1914. Tucson: The University of Arizona Press. 1965.
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Zulkanain Abdul Rahman. Ekonomi. Ed. Zakaria Ghazali. Sejarah Selangor: Dari Zaman Prasejarah hingga Kemerdekaan Kemerdekaan. Selangor: Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia Cawangan Selangor. 2005.
Kertas Seminar
Ahmad Farhan Abdullah@ Zakaria. 2012. ‘Sejarah Pentadbiran Lukut, 1810-an-1878: Status Entiti Politik dan Orang Besar Daerah’. Universiti Malaya. 1-15.
Khoo, K. K. ‘Riwayat Selangor Darul Ehsan’. Kolokium Sejarah Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan. Universiti Malaya dan Kerajaan Negeri Selangor. 21 Januari 1989.1-33.
Laman Sesawang (website)
Asal Usul Baba dan Nyonya. 10 April 2020. https://katamalaysia.my/culture/asal- usul-baba-dan-nyonya/ . Dilayari pada 9 April 2022.
Baba Ronney Tan Koon Siang. Chee Yam Chuan.(Chee Swee Cheng’s Grandfather). 11 September 2019. https://www.peranakan.org.sg/2019/09/chee-swee-cheng-the-man-with-the-midas-touch/. Dilayari pada 20 September 2022.
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