Rhythms of identity: A comparative study of bertitik and mongigol-sumundai music in Bajau Samah and Rungus Communities on Sabah

Mohd Hassan Abdullah

Abstract

This study explores the shared musical and cultural elements of the Bertitik and Mongigol-Sumundai ensembles, focusing on their instrumental use and rhythmic structures. The primary objectives are to analyze the musical elements based on the theory of norms of musical style and to conduct a comparative analysis between the Bertitik ensemble of the Bajau Samah and the Mongigol-Sumundai ensemble of the Rungus tribe. Employing an ethnographic approach, the research integrates document analysis, observations, and interviews during fieldwork, structured in three phases: Phase I includes fieldwork with recordings and documentation of the musical repertoire; Phase II involves laboratory work, particularly transcribing music using Sibelius software; and Phase III comprises a comparative musicological analysis of both ensembles. Fieldwork took place in Kulambai Village in Kota Belud and Matunggong Village in Kudat, Sabah. Key findings indicate significant rhythmic similarities, especially the concept of l'istesso tempo, which sustains a consistent tempo across various sections. Additionally, the study highlights the influence of gender roles on performance practices within the Bertitik ensemble. By applying the concept of bi-musicality, the research captures the unique musical identities of both ensembles, illustrating how music reflects cultural identity and reinforces social norms in Sabah's diverse context. Ultimately, the findings emphasize the role of music as a crucial expression of cultural identity and social cohesion, promoting further investigation into the relationship between music and cultural practices in multi-ethnic settings. © (2023), (Elite Scientific Publications). All Rights Reserved.

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