UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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| Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| This study examines the efects of washing pretreatments on the chemical characteristics of biomass and the resultant biochar derived from empty fruit bunches (EFBs) of palm oil plantations. We optimized parameters such as washing duration, techniques, and water volume to improve biochar quality. Following the washing pretreatment, the EFBs were subjected to slow pyrolysis at 500 °C for 2 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. In-depth analyses employing techniques like X-ray fuorescence (XRF), X-ray difraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) demonstrated profound changes in the EFB biomass and biochar structure and composition. Specifcally, the sample L-EFB4, soaked in water for 72 h, showed a 67.08% reduction in ash content and a signifcant decrease in potassium content, enhancing the biochar’s potential applications. The fxed carbon content increased to 17.06 wt.% in the L-EFB3 sample, representing EFBs soaked for 30 min, indicating the efectiveness of targeted washing treatments in optimising biochar properties. Additionally, ICP-MS analysis of the EFB leachate provided insights into the elemental solubility, revealing high concentrations of potassium (72,871.9 ppb), demonstrating its solubility and the leaching process’ efectiveness. This analysis further corroborated the signifcant role of pretreatment in modifying the ash characteristics, which is crucial for optimizing the combustion behavior of the resultant biochar. |
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