How plants respond to heavy metal contamination: A narrative review of proteomic studies and phytoremediation applications

Jameel, Rabee Jameel Al-Obaidi

How plants respond to heavy metal contamination: A narrative review of proteomic studies and phytoremediation applications

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Title

How plants respond to heavy metal contamination: A narrative review of proteomic studies and phytoremediation applications

Type

Article

Main Author

Jameel, Rabee Jameel Al-Obaidi

Additional Authors

Azi Azeyanty Jamaludin

Subject

Q Science (General)

ISBN

0032-0935

Language Code

eng

Bibliographic Details

Place of Production

Tanjung Malim

Publisher

Fakulti Sains & Matematik

Year of publication

2024

Notes

Planta

Dissertation Note

Other

Degree Type

Others

Corporate Name

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

HTTP Link

Access Web Resource

Abstract

Main conclusion: Heavy metal pollution caused by human activities is a serious threat to the environment and human health. Plants have evolved sophisticated defence systems to deal with heavy metal stress, with proteins and enzymes serving as critical intercepting agents for heavy metal toxicity reduction. Proteomics continues to be effective in identifying markers associated with stress response and metabolic processes. Abstract: This review explores the complex interactions between heavy metal pollution and plant physiology, with an emphasis on proteomic and biotechnological perspectives. Over the last century, accelerated industrialization, agriculture activities, energy production, and urbanization have established a constant need for natural resources, resulting in environmental degradation. The widespread buildup of heavy metals in ecosystems as a result of human activity is especially concerning. Although some heavy metals are required by organisms in trace amounts, high concentrations pose serious risks to the ecosystem and human health. As immobile organisms, plants are directly exposed to heavy metal contamination, prompting the development of robust defence mechanisms. Proteomics has been used to understand how plants react to heavy metal stress. The development of proteomic techniques offers promising opportunities to improve plant tolerance to toxicity from heavy metals. Additionally, there is substantial scope for phytoremediation, a sustainable method that uses plants to extract, sequester, or eliminate contaminants in the context of changes in protein expression and total protein behaviour. Changes in proteins and enzymatic activities have been highlighted to illuminate the complex effects of heavy metal pollution on plant metabolism, and how proteomic research has revealed the plant's ability to mitigate heavy metal toxicity by intercepting vital nutrients, organic substances, and/or microorganisms. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

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