UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
![]() |
|
|
Abstract : Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun |
The level of development of motor skills in children aged 3-6 years has a significant impact on their lifelong level of physical fitness. The purpose of this study was to establish a holistic model of physical fitness development in children aged 3-6 years old and to evaluate the effect of a customized physical fitness intervention plan based on this model. Systematic review and meta-analysis were used to determine current weaknesses in fundamental skills intervention program, which validated the model used _Children Sports Ability Training (CSAT) Model_. The customized fitness program based on the model were then used by a total of 545 children aged 3-6 years old in an early childhood fitness centre in Chengdu, China as part of their curriculum. During the period, motor skills were assessed at pre and post using Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (PDMS-2). The meta-analysis result showed that 92% intervention program only utilized gross motor skills from 2013-2023. Profiling assessment result show that children aged 3-6 years had moderate to low levels of overall motor skill development, and that the developmental levels of the five categories of gross and fine motor skills, among which the worst developed is object manipulation. It was also found that there is a difference in the development of five types of motor skills in three age groups of children aged 3-6 years. Five types of motor skills were found that correlated with each other with moderate to high strength. Finally, this customized fitness intervention program was found to have a significant difference in the development of motor skills among 3-6 years old in a pre-test and post-test, and it showed differences in the facilitation of different categories of motor skills in three age groups. In conclusion, the CSAT and its corresponding curriculum can be said to be able to promote motor skill development in children aged 3-6 years old. The results provide holistic concepts and program for trainers and teachers that involves with children_s physical development. Further research is needed to continually improve the differentiated design of the CSAT for different age groups.
Keywords: Children Sports Ability Training, Motor Skills, Gross Motor Skills, Fine Motor Skills. |
References |
Aboud, F. E., & Yousafzai, A. K. (2015). Global health and development in early childhood. Annual review of psychology, 66, 433-457.
Alias, N., & Siraj, S. (2012). Effectiveness of Isman Instructional Design Model in Developing Physics Module based on Learning Style and Appropriate Technology. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 64(4), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.002
Altunsöz, I. H., & Goodway, J. D. (2016). SKIPing to motor competence: the influence of project successful kinesthetic instruction for preschoolers on motor competence of disadvantaged preschoolers. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21(4), 366–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1017453
Ambridge C, et al.(2019) Motor skill development in pre-school children: A review of the literature. Int J Pediatr. 41(2): 137-143.
Amundson, S. J., Sirard, J. R., & Pfeiffer, K. A. (2018). Concurrent validity and reliability of 3- to 6-year-old children's objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behavior. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(9), 706-711.
Andersen, R. E., Crespo, C. J., Bartlett, S. J., Cheskin, L. J., & Pratt, M. (1998). Relationship of Physical Activity and Television Watching With Body Weight and Level of Fatness Among Children Results From the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Jama, 279(12), 938–942. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.279.12.938
Aryamanesh, S., & Sayyah, M. (2014). Effect of some selected games on the develop-ment of locomotor skills in 4-6 year-old preschool boys. International Journal of Sport Studies, 4(6), 648–652.
Aye, T., Oo, K. S., Khin, M. T., Kuramoto-Ahuja, T., & Maruyama, H. (2017). Gross motor skill development of 5-year-old Kindergarten children in Myanmar. journal of physical therapy science, 29(10), 1772-1778.
Baker, J., Schorer, J., & Cobley, S. (2003). Relative age effects: An inevitable consequence of elite sport? Sports Medicine, 33(11), 885–894.
Balyi, I., Way, R., & Higgs, C. (2007). Long-term athlete development. Human Kinetics.
Balyi, I., Way, R., & Higgs, C. (2013). Long-term athlete development. Human kinetics.
Barbour-Hickman, K., Tsotsoros, M. D., & Alpert, M. (2015). The Effects of a Developmentally Appropriate Motor Skills Intervention on Motor Skills and Perceived Physical Competence in Preschoolers. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 3(1), 41-50.
Bardid, F. (2016). Early childhood motor development: Measuring, understanding and promoting motor competence (Doctoral dissertation, Ghent University).
Bardid, F., Huyben, F., Lenoir, M., Seghers, J., De Martelaer, K., Goodway, J. D., & Deconinck, F. J. A. (2016). Assessing fundamental motor skills in Belgian children aged 3-8 years highlights differences to US reference sample. Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics, 105(6), e281–e290. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13380
Bardid, F., Lenoir, M., Huyben, F., De Martelaer, K., Seghers, J., Goodway, J. D., & Deconinck, F. J. A. (2017). The effectiveness of a community-based fundamental motor skill intervention in children aged 3–8 years: Results of the“Multimove for Kids” project. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(2), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.07.005
Barnett, L. M., Morgan, P. J., & van Beurden, E. (2002). Test-retest reliability of the TGMD-2 in typically developing children living in Australia: Implications for assessing locomotor and object control skills. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 5(2), 174-181.
Bathory, E., & Tomopoulos, S. (2017). Sleep regulation, physiology and development, sleep duration and patterns, and sleep hygiene in infants, toddlers, and preschool-age children. Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care, 47(2), 29-42.
Bedard, C., Bremer, E., Campbell, W., & Cairney, J. (2018). Evaluation of a direct-instruction intervention to improve movement and preliteracy skills among young children: A within-subject repeated-measures design. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 5(January), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2017.00298
Behan, S., Belton, S., Peers, C., O’connor, N. E., & Issartel, J. (2022). Exploring the relationships between fundamental movement skills and health related fitness components in children. European Journal of Sport Science, 22(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1847201
Bem, D. J. (1978). The nature of the relationship between personality and cognitive social psychology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35(1), 26-33.
Berk, L. (2013). Development through the lifespan. Pearson Education India.
Bezerra, T. A., Bandeira, P. F. R., de Souza Filho, A. N., Clark, C. C. T., Mota, J. A. P. S., Duncan, M. J., & de Lucena Martins, C. M. (2021). A network perspective on the relationship between moderate to vigorous physical activity and fundamental motor skills in early childhood. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 18(7), 774–781. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2020-0218
Bhatia, P., Davis, A., & Shamas-Brandt, E. (2015). Educational gymnastics: The effectiveness of montessori practical life activities in developing fine motor skills in kindergartners. Early Education and Development, 26(4), 594–607. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.995454
Bican, R., Goddard, V., Abreu, N., Peifer, D., Basinger, A., Sveda, M., ... & de Los Reyes, E. C. (2024). Developmental skills and neurorehabilitation for children with Batten disease: A Retrospective chart review of a comprehensive Batten clinic. Pediatric Neurology, 152, 107-114.
Bidzan-Bluma, I., & Lipowska, M. (2018). Physical activity and cognitive functioning of children: a systematic review. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(4), 800.
Bogin, B. (2020). Patterns of human growth (Vol. 88). Cambridge University Press.
Bonifacci, P. (2004). Children with low motor ability have lower visual-motor integration ability but unaffected perceptual skills. human movement science, 23(2), 157-168 .
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (Eds.). (2011). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis.
Bremer, E., Lloyd, M., Carlson, J., & Strobl, H. (2016). An exploration of the relationship between motor skill development and physical fitness in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 33(4), 342-359.
Brian, A., & Taunton, S. (2018). Effectiveness of motor skill intervention varies based on implementation strategy. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(2), 222–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2017.1413709
Brian, A., Taunton Miedema, S., Starrett, A., Griffin, S., Stribing, A., Miedema, B., Walker, M., Casner, C., Wainwright, N., Wadsworth, D., Goodway, J. D., & Stodden, D. F. (2022). SKIPping With PALS: Exploring Parental Engagement in a Motor Intervention for Their Preschool Children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 00(00), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2022.2041538
Brown, T., & Lalor, A. (2009). The movement assessment battery for children—second edition (MABC-2): a review and critique. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics, 29(1), 86-103.
Bukatko, D., & Daehler, M. W. (2001). Child development: A thematic approach (4th ed.). Houghton, Mifflin and Company.
Bull, F. C., Al-Ansari, S. S., Biddle, S., Borodulin, K., Buman, M. P., Cardon, G., Carty, C., Chaput, J. P., Chastin, S., Chou, R., Dempsey, P. C., Dipietro, L., Ekelund, U., Firth, J., Friedenreich, C. M., Garcia, L., Gichu, M., Jago, R., Katzmarzyk, P. T., … Willumsen, J. F. (2020). World Health Organization 2020 guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 54(24), 1451–1462. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2020-102955
Bundy, A. C., & Murray, E. (2002). Creating and measuring secure client-centered practice environments for children with disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 9(2), 73-83.
Cameron, C. E., Cottone, E. A., Murrah, W. M., & Grissmer, D. W. (2016). How are motor skills linked to children's school performance and academic achievement? Child Development Perspectives, 10(2), 93-98.
Cameron, C. E., Cottone, E. A., Murrah, W. M., & Grissmer, D. W. (2016). How are motor skills linked to children's school performance and academic achievement?. Child Development Perspectives, 10(2), 93-98.
Cameron, C., Brock, L. L., Murrah, W. M., Bell, L. H., Worzalla, S. L., Grissmer, D., ... & Morrison, F. J. (2012). Fine motor skills and executive function both contribute to kindergarten achievement. Child Development, 83(4), 1229-1244.
Cao, Y., Zhang, C., Guo, R., Zhang, D., & Wang, S. (2020). Performances of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA), and validity of timing components in comparison with three commonly used agility tests in Chinese boys: An exploratory study. PeerJ, 8, e8784.
Capio, C. M., & Eguia, K. F. (2021). Movement skills, perception, and physical activity of young children: A mediation analysis. Pediatrics International, 63(4), 442–447. https://doi.org/10.1111/ped.14436
Carcamo-Oyarzun, J., & Herrmann, C. (2023). Construct validity of the MOBAK test battery for the assessment of basic motor competencies in primary school children. Revista Espanola de Pedagogia, 78(276), 11.
Carlson, B. M. (2018). Human embryology and developmental biology. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Carmosino, K., Grzeszczak, A., McMurray, K., Olivo, A., Slutz, B., Zoll, B., ... & Brahler, C. J. (2014). Test items in the complete and short forms of the BOT-2 that contribute substantially to motor performance assessments in typically developing children 6-10 years of age. Journal of Student Physical Therapy Research, 7(2).
Case-Smith, J. (2000). Effects of occupational therapy services on fine motor and functional performance in preschool children. The American journal of occupational therapy, 54(4), 372-380.
Carson, V., Lee, E. Y., Hewitt, L., Jennings, C., Hunter, S., Kuzik, N., ... & Tremblay, M. S. (2017). Systematic review of the relationships between physical activity and health indicators in the early years (0-4 years). BMC public health, 17, 33-63.
Catlett, K. K. (2018). Knowledge and Application of Long-Term Athletic Development Concepts in Youth Athletes: A Pilot Study. University of Colorado Colorado Springs.
Chambless, D. L., Goldstein, A. J., Gallagher, R., Bright, P., & Gallager, R. (1998). Positive response to cognitive-behavioral therapy as a function of initial severity of panic disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66(3), 408-415.
Chen, W., Hammond-Bennett, A., & Hypnar, A. (2017). Examination of motor skill competency in students: Evidence-based physical education curriculum. BMC Public Health, 17(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4105-2
Chen, Y., & Ye, R. (2019). The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales–second edition: Psychometric properties for an early childhood Chinese sample. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 85, 1-7.
Ciesla, E. (2013). The Motor Development and Motor Skill Levels of 6-Year-Old Children from the Lublin Voivodeship. polish Journal of Sport and Tourism, 20(2), 105-110.
Collins, D., & MacNamara, Á. (2017). Making champs and super champs: current views, contradictions, and future directions in talent development. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1457.
Cools, W., De Martelaer, K., Samaey, C., & Andries, C. (2009). Movement skill assessment of typically developing preschool children: A review of seven movement skill assessment tools. Journal of sports science & medicine, 8(2), 154.
Cools, W., De Martelaer, K., Vandaele, B., Samaey, C., & Andries, C. (2010). Assessment of Movement Skill Performance in Preschool Children: Convergent Validity Between MOT 4-6 and M-ABC. Journal of sports science & medicine, 9(4), 597–604.
Cooper, H., Hedges, L. V., & Valentine, J. C. (2009). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis. Russell Sage Foundation.
Coppens, E., Rommers, N., Bardid, F., Deconinck, F. J. A., De Martelaer, K., D’Hondt, E., & Lenoir, M. (2021). Long-term effectiveness of a fundamental motor skill intervention in Belgian children: A 6-year follow-up. In Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (Vol. 31, Issue S1). https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.13898
Costello, K., & Warne, J. (2020). A four-week fundamental motor skill intervention improves motor skills in eight to 10-year-old Irish primary school children. Cogent Social Sciences, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2020.1724065
Côté, J., & Hancock, D. J. (2016). Evidence-based policies for youth sport programs. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(3), 326-330.
Crane, J. R., Foley, J. T., Naylor, P. J., & Temple, V. A. (2017). Longitudinal change in the relationship between fundamental motor skills and perceived competence: kindergarten to grade 2. Sports, 5(3), 12–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5030059
da Silva, R. H., Nobre, G. C., Pessoa, M. L. F., Soares, Í. A. A., Bezerra, J., Gaya, A. R., Mota, J. A. P. S., Duncan, M. J., & Martins, C. M. L. (2022). Physical activity during school-time and fundamental movement skills: a study among preschoolers with and without physical education classes. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2022.2083094
dan Suharjana, P. S. (2019). Improving gross motor skills by kinaestheticandcontemporary-based physical activity in early childhood. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(3), 540–551. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v38i3.25324
Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., ... & Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Exercise improves executive function and achievement and alters brain activation in overweight children: a randomized, controlled trial. Health psychology, 30(1), 91.
Deitz, J. C., Kartin, D., & Kopp, K. (2007). Review of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edition (BOT-2). Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics, 27(4), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/J006v27n04_06
Denham, S. A., Bassett, H. H., & Zinsser, K. (2012). Early childhood teachers as socializers of young children’s emotional competence. Early Childhood Education Journal, 40, 137-143.
Del Rossi, L. (2015). Gross motor function of a child with Antley-Bixler syndrome. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 27(4), 452-459.
Deshpande, V., Metgud, D., Gadre, M., & Kale, S. (2023). Effectiveness of Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 as an Outcome Measure: A Systematic Review. Indian Journal of Physical Therapy and Research, 5(2), 125-131.
D'Hondt, E., Deforche, B., Gentier, I., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Vaeyens, R., Philippaerts, R., & Lenoir, M. (2013). A longitudinal analysis of gross motor coordination in overweight and obese children versus normal-weight peers. International Journal of Obesity, 37(1), 61-67.
Diamond, A., Barnett, W. S., Thomas, J., & Munro, S. (2007). Preschool program improves cognitive control. Science, 318(5855), 1387-1388.
Dobbie, W., & Fryer, R. G. Jr. (2013). Getting beneath the veil of effective schools: Evidence from New York City. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 5(4), 28-60.
Donnelly, J. E., et al. (2016). Physical activity, fitness, cognitive function, and academic achievement in children: A systematic review. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 48(6), 1223-1224.
Dourou, E., Komessariou, A., Riga, V., & Lavidas, K. (2017). Assessment of gross and fine motor skills in preschool children using the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales Instrument. European Psychomotricity Journal, 9.
Duncan, M. J., Eyre, E. L. J., & Oxford, S. W. (2018). The effects of 10-week integrated neuromuscular training on fundamental movement skills and physical self-efficacy in 6–7-year-old children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(12), 3348–3356. https://doi.org/10.1519/jsc.0000000000001859
Duncan, M. J., Hames, T., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2019). Sequencing Effects of Object Control and Locomotor Skill During Integrated Neuromuscular Training in 6- To 7-Year-Old Children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8), 2262–2274. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002484
Dunn, W., Brown, C., & McGuigan, A. (1994). The ecological model in childhood occupational therapy: Clinical applications. Occupational Therapy International, 1(4), 216-228.
Dyson, B., Placek, J. H., Graber, K. C., Fisette, J. L., Rink, J., Zhu, W., ... & Park, Y. (2011). Development of PE metrics elementary assessments for national physical education standard 1. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 15(2), 100-118.
Dyson, B. P., & Williams, L. H. (2012). The role of PE Metrics in physical education teacher education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 83(5), 29-32.
Edmunds S, et al. ( 2015)Relationships between fine motor skill, tactual sensitivity, and functional dexterity in children and adolescents. Dev Med Child Neurol. 57(3): 282-288.
Egger, M., Davey Smith, G., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997). Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ, 315(7109), 629-634.
Eime, R. M., Young, J. A., Harvey, J. T., Charity, M. J., & Payne, W. R. (2013). A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 10(1), 98.
Feng, Jianjun. (2003). Concern for life and promotion of harmonious development of life: The core concepts of the Guidelines for Kindergarten Education (Trial Implementation). Research on Preschool Education, 20-22. https://doi.org/10.13861/j.cnki.sece.2003.03.008
Field, S. C., & Temple, V. A. (2017). The relationship between fundamental motor skill proficiency and participation in organized sports and active recreation in middle childhood. Sports, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/sports5020043
Focaroli, V., & Iverson, J. M. (2017). Children’s object manipulation: a tool for knowing the external world and for communicative Development. The Hand: Perception, Cognition, Action, 19-27.
Folio, M. R. (2000). The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales—Second Edition. In Encyclopedia of Special Education (pp. 75-76).
Folio, M. R. (2000). The Peabody Developmental Motor Scales—Second Edition. In Encyclopedia of Special Education (pp. 75-76). John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Folio, M. R., & Fewell, R. R. (2000). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2nd Edition. PRO-ED.
Ford, P., De Ste Croix, M., Lloyd, R., Meyers, R., Moosavi, M., Oliver, J., & Till, K. (2011). The long-term athlete development model: Physiological evidence and application. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(4), 389-402.
Foulkes, J. D. (2016). Fundamental Movement Skills, Physical Activity and Obesity from Early to Late Childhood. PQDT - UK & Ireland, December, 239. https://www.proquest.com/dissertations-theses/fundamental-movement-skills-physical-activity/docview/2001547404/se-2?accountid=26646%0Ahttp://link.periodicos.capes.gov.br/sfxlcl41?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&genre=unkn
Foweather, L., Crotti, M., Foulkes, J. D., O’Dwyer, M. V., Utesch, T., Knowles, Z. R., Fairclough, S. J., Ridgers, N. D., & Stratton, G. (2021). Foundational movement skills and play behaviors during recess among preschool children: A compositional analysis. Children, 8(7), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8070543
Foweather, L., Knowles, Z., Ridgers, N. D., O’Dwyer, M. V., Foulkes, J. D., & Stratton, G. (2015). Fundamental movement skills in relation to weekday and weekend physical activity in preschool children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(6), 691–696. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.014
Gallahue, F. E., Betz, A. E., Druck, J., Jones, J. S., Burns, B., & Hern, G. (2015). Ready for discharge? A survey of discharge transition-of-care education and evaluation in emergency medicine residency programs. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 16(6), 879.
Garner, T. W., Walker, S., Bosch, J., Leech, S., Marcus Rowcliffe, J., Cunningham, A. A., & Fisher, M. C. (2009). Life history tradeoffs influence mortality associated with the amphibian pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. Oikos, 118(5), 783-791.
Gaul, D., & Issartel, J. (2016). Fine motor skill proficiency in typically developing children: on or off the maturation track? Human movement science, 46, 78-85.
Getchell, N., Pabreja, P., & Neeld, K. (2006). Interrater reliability of the test of gross motor development—second edition. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 102(3), 924-930.
Gill, K., Osiovich, A., Synnes, A., A. Agnew, J., Grunau, R. E., Miller, S. P., & Zwicker, J. G. (2019). Concurrent validity of the Bayley-III and the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 at 18 months. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics, 39(5), 514-524.
Glass, G. V. (1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5(10), 3-8.
Gonzalez, S. L., Alvarez, V., & Nelson, E. L. (2019). Do gross and fine motor skills differentially contribute to language outcomes? A systematic review. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2670.
Gøtzsche, P. C., Jørgensen, A. W., & Krogsbøll, L. T. (2014). General and relative effectiveness of insulin for diabetes: Network meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ, 349, g5236.
Green, K., Thurston, M., Vaage, O., & Roberts, K. (2015). ‘[We’re on the right track, baby], we were born this way’! Exploring sports participation in Norway. Sport, Education and Society, 20(3), 285–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2013.769947
Grissmer, D., Grimm, K. J., Aiyer, S. M., Murrah, W. M., & Steele, J. S. (2010). Fine motor skills and early comprehension of the world: Two new school readiness indicators. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1008-1017.
Grissmer, D., Grimm, K. J., Aiyer, S. M., Murrah, W. M., & Steele, J. S. (2010). Fine motor skills and early comprehension of the world: two new school readiness indicators. Developmental psychology, 46(5), 1008.
Grobenski, R. (2021). Pregled elemenata kineziološke dijagnostike za djecu rane i predškolske dobi.
Gu, X., Tamplain, P. M., Chen, W., Zhang, T., Keller, M. J., & Wang, J. (2021). A mediation analysis of the association between fundamental motor skills and physical activity during middle childhood. Children, 8(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8020064
Guan Hongyan2 Han Ying1 Wang Bo2 Jiang Yuanyuan1 Wang Dan1. (2020). Comparison of physical activity levels between overweight and obese preschool children and normal weight children. Chinese Journal of Family Planning, 28-3.
Guan, Hongyan 1, Zhao, Xing 2. (2020). Guidelines on physical activity for preschool children (3-6 years old). Chinese Journal of Child Health, 28-6.https://doi.org/10.11852/zgetbjzz2020-0982
Haibach-Beach, P. S., Perreault, M. E., Brian, A. S., & Collier, D. H. (2023). Motor learning and development. Human kinetics.
Haley, S. M., et al. (2017). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales—Second Edition, Gross Motor Scale and Rhode Island Test of Gross Motor Function: Normative and validity studies for children with developmental coordination disorder. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 59(8), 848-855.
Hastie, P. A., Valentini, N. C., Rudisill, M. E., & Chiviacowsky, S. (2018). Children’s knowledge of skill cues and the enhancements of motor skill performance. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(3), 1654–1660. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2018.03242
Hattie, J. (2009). Visible learning: A synthesis of over 800 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.
Ha, T., & Dauenhauer, B. (2021). A physical literacy index: Identifying students for intervention through standards-based assessment. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 92(7), 16-24.
Haywood, K. M., & Getchell, N. (2021). Life span motor development. Human kinetics.
He, Q., Ng, J. Y. Y., Cairney, J., Bedard, C., & Ha, A. S. C. (2021). Association between physical activity and fundamental movement skills in preschool-aged children: Does perceived movement skill competence mediate this relationship? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(3), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031289
Hendricks, D., Wilson, J. K., & Mclean, L. C. (2001). Effects of motor skill instruction on fundamental motor skill development. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 18(3), 341-351.
Herbort, O., Büschelberger, J., & Janczyk, M. (2018). Preschool children adapt grasping movements to upcoming object manipulations: evidence from a dial rotation task. journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 167, 62-77.
Herrmann, C., Bretz, K., Kühnis, J., Seelig, H., Keller, R., & Ferrari, I. (2021). Connection between social relationships and basic motor competencies in early childhood. Children, 8(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8010053
Herrmann, C., Seelig, H., Ferrari, I., & Kühnis, J. (2019). Basic motor competencies of preschoolers: construct, assessment and determinants. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research, 49(2), 179-187.
Hestbaek, L., Andersen, S. T., Skovgaard, T., Olesen, L. G., Elmose, M., Bleses, D., ... & Lauridsen, H. H. (2017). Influence of motor skills training on children’s development evaluated in the Motor skills in PreSchool (MiPS) study-DK: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial, nested in a cohort study. Trials, 18(1), 1-11.
Higgins, J. P., & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539-1558.
Higgins, J. P., Thomas, J., Chandler, J., Cumpston, M., Li, T., Page, M. J., & Welch, V. A. (Eds.). (2019). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. John Wiley & Sons.
Hirata, S., Kita, Y., Yasunaga, M., Suzuki, K., Okumura, Y., Okuzumi, H., ... & Nakai, A. (2018). Applicability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-(MABC-2) for Japanese children aged 3–6 years: A preliminary investigation emphasizing internal consistency and factorial validity. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1452.
Hoeboer, J. J. A. A. M., Ongena, G., Krijger-Hombergen, M., Stolk, E., Savelsbergh, G. J. P., & De Vries, S. I. (2018). The Athletic Skills Track: Age-and gender-related normative values of a motor skills test for 4-to 12-year-old children. Journal of Sci
Hoeboer, J. J. A. A. M. (2018). The athletic skills track: Age-and gender-related...ence and Medicine in Sport, 21(9), 975-979.
Hoeboer, J., Krijger-Hombergen, M., Savelsbergh, G., & De Vries, S. (2018). Reliability and concurrent validity of a motor skill competence test among 4- to 12-year old children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36(14), 1607–1613. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1406296
Holloway, J. M., Long, T., & Biasini, F. (2019). Concurrent validity of two standardized measures of gross motor function in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Physical & occupational therapy in pediatrics, 39(2), 193-203.
Huang, Rui. (2010). Theoretical Understanding and Thoughts on " One Hour of Exercise a Day" in Higher Education Sports. Hubei Sports Science and Technology, 1-3.
Iivonen, S., Sääkslahti, A., & Laukkanen, A. (2016). A review of studies using the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK). European Journal of Adapted Physical Activity, 8(2).
Iivonen, S., & Sääkslahti, A. (2019). Parents' opinions about promoting motor skill development among young children–A qualitative study. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 27(3), 285-299.
Ioannidis, J. P., Fanelli, D., Dunne, D. D., & Goodman, S. N. (2015). Meta-research: Evaluation and improvement of research methods and practices. PLoS Biology, 13(10), e1002264.
Ji, Xiaopeng. (2020). Evaluation of the effect of badminton exercise intervention on the development of gross motor skills in primary school children. Chinese Journal of Child Health, 8, 5-8.
Johnstone, A., Hughes, A. R., Bonnar, L., Booth, J. N., & Reilly, J. J. (2019). An active play intervention to improve physical activity and fundamental movement skills in children of low socioeconomic status: Feasibility cluster randomised controlled trial. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 5(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-019-0427-4
Johnstone, A., Hughes, A. R., Janssen, X., & Reilly, J. J. (2017). Pragmatic evaluation of the Go2Play Active Play intervention on physical activity and fundamental movement skills in children. Preventive Medicine Reports, 7, 58–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.05.002
Juliantine, T., Setiawan, E., Jumareng, H., Gani, R. A., & Asnaldi, A. (2022). Do Fundamental Movement Skills, Physical Activity and Enjoyment Among Inactive Student During the Covid-19 Era Improve After Exergame? Journal of Physical Education (Maringa), 33(1), 4–11. https://doi.org/10.4025/jphyseduc.v33i1.3327
Kambas, A., Venetsanou, F., Giannakidou, D., Fatouros, I. G., Avloniti, A., Chatzinikolaou, A., ... & Zimmer, R. (2012). The Motor-Proficiency-Test for children between 4 and 6 years of age (MOT 4–6): An investigation of its suitability in Greece. Research in developmental disabilities, 33(5), 1626-1632.
Kane, K. J., & Staples, K. L. (2016). A group motor skills program for children with coordination difficulties: Effect on fundamental movement skills and physical activity participation. Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics, 36(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2014.978934
Kelly, L., O’Connor, S., Harrison, A. J., & Ní Chéilleachair, N. J. (2021). Effects of an 8-week school-based intervention programme on Irish school children’s fundamental movement skills. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(6), 593–612. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1834526
Kilag, O. K. T., Ignacio, R., Lumando, E. B., Alvez, G. U., Abendan, C. F. K., Quiñanola, N. A. M. P., & Sasan, J. M. (2022). ICT Integration in Primary School Classrooms in the time of Pandemic in the Light of Jean Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory. International Journal of Emerging Issues in Early Childhood Education, 4(2), 42-54.
Kim C, et al. (2018)Relationships between gross motor skills and hand function in children with cerebral palsy. Pediatr Phys Ther. 30(1): 26-31.
Kim, P. K., Annemarie, A. D. W., Remo, R. M., Teun, T. R., Dave, D. V. K., Ingrid, I. V. A., ... & Sanne, S. D. V. (2022). Differences in motor competence, enjoyment and weight status of young children (4-6 years). Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(6), 1471-1479.
Kiphard, E. J., & Schilling, F. (1974). Körperkoordinationstest für kinder: KTK. Beltz.
Kiphard, E. J., & Schilling, F. (2017). Motorische überforderung bei kindern: Theoretische modelle und empirische befunde. Zeitschrift Für Sportpsychologie, 24(1), 33-45.
Kirk, D. (2013). Educational value and models-based practice in physical education. Educational Philosophy and Theory, 45(9), 973-986.
Kit, B. K., Akinbami, L. J., Isfahani, N. S., & Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Gross motor development in children aged 3–5 years, United States 2012. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 1573-1580.
Klingberg, B., Schranz, N., Barnett, L. M., Booth, V., & Ferrar, K. (2019). The feasibility of fundamental movement skill assessments for pre-school aged children. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(4), 378-386.
Lai, S. K., Costigan, S. A., Morgan, P. J., Lubans, D. R., Stodden, D. F., Salmon, J., & Barnett, L. M. (2014). Do school-based interventions focusing on physical activity, fitness, or fundamental movement skill competency produce a sustained impact in these outcomes in children and adolescents? A systematic review of follow-up studies. Sports Medicine, 44, 67-79.
Lambert, P. C., Sutton, A. J., Burton, P. R., Abrams, K. R., & Jones, D. R. (2005). How vague is vague? A simulation study of the impact of the use of vague prior distributions in MCMC using.
Lee, J., Zhang, T., Chu, T. L., & Gu, X. (2020). Effects of a need-supportive motor skill intervention on children’s motor skill competence and physical activity. Children, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/children7030021
Legarra-Gorgoñon, G., García-Alonso, Y., Ramírez-Vélez, R., Erice-Echegaray, B., Izquierdo, M., & Alonso-Martínez, A. M. (2023). Associations between basic motor competencies and physical fitness in Spanish pre-schoolers: a cross-sectional study. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 49(1), 97.
Li J. (2019). A study on the relationship between basic motor skills and physical fitness of 3-5 year old children. China Sports Science and Technology, 55(6), 52-58.
Li, F., Yin, L., Sun, M., & Gao, Z. (2022). Examining Relationships among Chinese Preschool Children’s Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines and Fundamental Movement Skills. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11195623
Lin, L. Y., Tu, Y. F., Yu, W. H., Ho, M. H., & Wu, P. M. (2020). Investigation of fine motor performance in children younger than 36-month-old using PDMS-2 and Bayley-III. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 17(5), 746-760.
Liu, T., Hoffmann, C., & Hamilton, M. (2017). Motor skill performance by low SES preschool and typically developing children on the PDMS-2. Early Childhood Education Journal, 45, 53-60.
Lloyd, M., MacDonald, M., & Lord, C. (2013). Motor skills of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 17(2), 133-146.
Lloyd, M., Saunders, T. J., Bremer, E., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014). Long-term importance of fundamental motor skills: A 20-year follow-up study. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 31(1), 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2013-0048
Lloyd, R. S., Cronin, J. B., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2011). National Strength and Conditioning Association Position Statement on Long-Term Athletic Development. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(3), 3-20.
Lloyd, R. S., Cronin, J. B., Faigenbaum, A. D., Haff, G. G., Howard, R., Kraemer, W. J., ... & Oliver, J. L. (2016). National Strength and Conditioning Association position statement on long-term athletic development. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 30(6), 1491-1509.
Lloyd, R. S., & Oliver, J. L. (2012). The youth physical development model: A new approach to long-term athletic development. Strength & Conditioning Journal, 34(3), 61-72.
Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2015). Long-term athlete development and its application to youth weightlifting. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 38(6), 26-35.
Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2015). Myer-Gross seating trial enhances physical performance measures in youth athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1679-1689.
Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2015). Myths and methods: a review of the literature on the youth physical development model. Strength and Conditioning Journal, 37(2), 72-85.
Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Faigenbaum, A. D., Myer, G. D., & De Ste Croix, M. B. (2014). Chronological age vs. biological maturation: implications for exercise programming in youth. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 28(5), 1454-1464.
Logan, S. W., Barnett, L. M., Baranowski, T., Telford, R. D., & Salmon, J. (2012). Contribution of extracurricular sport participation on the gross motor skills of 7- to 12-year-old children. Journal of School Health, 82(9), 442-449.
Logan, S. W., Robinson, L. E., Wilson, A. E., & Lucas, W. A. (2011). Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. Child: care, health and development, 38(3), 305-315.
Low Chapman, Ross L. and Sloan, Terry R., D. R. (2007). Promoting Fundamental Movement Skill Development and Physical Activity in Early Childhood Settings: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial Rachel. 2007, Interrelationships between Innovation and Market Orientation in SMEs, Management Research News, Vol. 30, No. 12, Pp. 878-891., 30(12), 878–891.
Lu, Huihui Lu, Leqin Chen, & Xuexue Yuan. (2019). A study on the correlation between basic motor skills and physical activity in school-aged children. A Compilation of Abstracts from the 11th National Sports Science Conference.
Macura, P., Blahutová, A., Hubinák, A., Koštial, J., Krška, P., Novotná, N., ... & Hulinková, M. (2019, November). Basic motor competencies in the 1st and 2nd grade elementary school children in Slovakia. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Sport and Quality of Life, Brno, Czech Republic (pp. 74-83).
Malina, R. M., Cumming, S. P., Kontos, A. P., Eisenmann, J. C., & Ribeiro, B. (2015). Tracking of physical activity and physical fitness across the lifespan. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(3), 621–627.
Masters, R., & Pollock, C. (2019). An overview of the development of object manipulation motor skills in young children. Australian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 66(1), 77-85.
Matheis, M., & Estabillo, J. A. (2018). Assessment of fine and gross motor skills in children. Handbook of childhood psychopathology and developmental disabilities assessment, 467-484.
McCauley, S. R., Wilde, E. A., Anderson, V. A., Bedell, G., Beers, S. R., Campbell, T. F., ... & Yeates, K. O. (2012). Recommendations for the use of common outcome measures in pediatric traumatic brain injury research. Journal of neurotrauma, 29(4), 678-705.
McDevitt, T. M., Ormrod, J. E., Cupit, G., Chandler, M., & Aloa, V. (2012). Child development and education. Pearson Higher Education AU.
McKenzie, T. L., Sallis, J. F., Rosengard, P., & Ballard, K. (2016). The SPARK programs: a public health model of physical education research and dissemination. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35(4), 381-389.
Miedema, S. T., Brian, A., Pennell, A., Lieberman, L., True, L., Webster, C., & Stodden, D. (2022). The Effects of an Integrative, Universally Designed Motor Skill Intervention for Young Children With and Without Disabilities. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 39(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1123/apaq.2021-0031
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D.G., & The PRISMA Group. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097.
Molfese, V.J., et al. (2019). The effects of a structured program of activities to promote fundamental movement skills in 3- to 5-year-old children. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 90(1), 149-156.
Mombarg, R., de Bruijn, A. G. M., Smits, I. A. M., Hemker, B. T., Hartman, E., Bosker, R. J., & Timmermans, A. C. (2021). Development of fundamental motor skills between 2006 and 2016 in Dutch primary school children. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2021.2006621
Moore, K. L., Persaud, T. V. N., & Torchia, M. G. (2018). The Developing Human-E-Book: The Developing Human-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences.
Mostafavi, R., Ziaee, V., Akbari, H., & Hosseini, S. H. (2013). The effects of SPARK physical education program on fundamental motor skills in 4-6 year-old children. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 23(2), 216–219.
Myer, G. D., Faigenbaum, A. D., Ford, K. R., Best, T. M., Bergeron, M. F., & Hewett, T. E. (2011). When to initiate integrative neuromuscular training to reduce sports-related injuries and enhance health in youth?. Current sports medicine reports, 10(3), 155-166.
M. Gila Claisse, OTR/L.January 28, 2020. Fine Motor Skills Development in Early Childhood. https: // www. pdresources. org/blog_data/fine_motor_skills_development. Pdf.
Nagy, Á. V., Wilhelm, M., Domokos, M., Gyori, F., & Berki, T. (2023). Assessment Tools Measuring Fundamental Movement Skills of Primary School Children: A Narrative Review in Methodological Perspective. Sports, 11(9), 178.
Nathan, N., Sutherland, R., Beauchamp, M. R., Cohen, K., Hulteen, R. M., Babic, M., Wolfenden, L., & Lubans, D. R. (2017). Feasibility and efficacy of the Great Leaders Active StudentS (GLASS) program on children’s physical activity and object control skill competency: A non-randomised trial. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(12), 1081–1086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.04.016
Nichols, J. E., Niles, J. A., Vega, S. P., Argueta, L. B., Eastaway, A., & Cortiella, J. (2014). Modeling the lung: Design and development of tissue engineered macro- and micro-physiologic lung models for research use. Experimental Biology and Medicine, 239(9), 1135–1169. https://doi.org/10.1177/1535370214536679
Nilsen, A. K. O., Anderssen, S. A., Bakken, A., Rogind Hunstad, I., Rasmussen, M., & Haga, M. (2016). Effect of a physical education program on Gross Motor Skills in children attending grade 1. BMC Pediatrics, 16(1), 3.
Nowak, A., & Kruk-Lasocka, J. (2015). The Motor-Proficiency-Test (MOT 4-6) as a useful tool for diagnosing the psychomotor development of Polish four-year-old children. The New Educational Review, 39, 129-141.
Øksendal, E., Brandlistuen, R. E., Holte, A., & Wang, M. V. (2022). Associations between poor gross and fine motor skills in pre-school and peer victimization concurrently and longitudinally with follow-up in school age–results from a population-based study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 92(2), 557-575.
Otte, C., Gold, S. M., Penninx, B. W., Pariante, C. M., Etkin, A., Fava, M., ... & Schatzberg, A. F. (2016). Major depressive disorder. Nature reviews Disease primers, 2(1), 1-20.
Owens, S., et al. (2020). Examining the impact of an extracurricular sports program on motor skills in 3-6-year-old children over nine months. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(5), 2169-2176.
Palmer, K. K., Chinn, K. M., & Robinson, L. E. (2019). The effect of the CHAMP intervention on fundamental motor skills and outdoor physical activity in preschoolers. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(2), 98–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.12.003
Pangrazi, R. P., & Beighle, A. (2019). Dynamic physical education for elementary school children. Human Kinetics Publishers.
Patriau, A., Cojan, J., Gauduel, T., Lopez-Vilain, J., Pavon, G., & Gomez, A. (2022). Improving Body Representation and Motor Skills with a Preschool Education Program: A Preliminary Study. Children, 9(1), 117.
Payne, G. (1994). Motor development during infancy: Developmental stages and cultural influences. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 21(3), 205-218.
Payne, G. (2002). Motor skill acquisition and learning: An integrated perspective. Human Kinetics.
Payne, G. (2008). Assessing motor development in children: Key considerations and measurement tools. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 13(3), 257-268.
Payne, G., et al. (2006). Gender differences in preschool children’s motor skills and movement patterns: An examination of individual and contextual factors. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(3), 227-241.
Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2020). Fine motor development. in Human Motor Development (pp. 307-334). Routledge.
Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2020). Cognitive and motor development. in Human Motor Development (pp. 31-59). Routledge.
Payne, V. G., & Isaacs, L. D. (2020). Social and Motor Development. in Human Motor Development (pp. 60-94). Routledge.
PIM, P. K., ANNEMARIE, A. M. H. D. W., REMO, R. M. M., TEUN, T. R., DAVE, D. H. H. V. K., INGRID, I. V. A., GEERT, G. J. P. S., & SANNE, S. I. D. V. (2022). Differences in motor competence, enjoyment and weight status of young children (4-6 years). Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(6), 1471–1479. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.06185
Platvoet, S., Faber, I. R., de Niet, M., Kannekens, R., Pion, J., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., & Visscher, C. (2018, September). Development of a tool to assess fundamental movement skills in applied settings. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 3, p. 75). Frontiers Media SA.
Plazibat, K., Karuc, J., & Vidranski, T. (2021). Effects of different multi-year physical exercise programs on motor skills in preschool children. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(3), 0–7. https://doi.org/10.3390/JFMK6030074
Poon, E. W., Lee, E. J., & Chu, M. M. (2017). Concurrent Validity and Test-retest Reliability of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-Second Edition (PDMS-2) in Chinese Preschool Children. Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, 30(2), 67-74.
Rathus, S. A. (2011). Childhood and adolescence: Voyages in development. Cengage Learning.
Rees, T., Hardy, L., & Güllich, A. (2010). Aberkane, registrazione telematica per N. 30226/2018, BCV-BI/16|28/03/2016 Bando L.R. 7/14—Fondi di Ateneo per Start up e Spin-off. The coaching process in sport psychology. Handbook of sport psychology, 473-500.
Robinson, L. E., Rudisill, M. E., Tekin, E., & Bida, M. (2015). Motor competence and its effect on positive developmental
Robinson, L. E., Veldman, S. L. C., Palmer, K. K., & Okely, A. D. (2017). A Ball Skills Intervention in Preschoolers: The CHAMP Randomized Controlled Trial. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 49(11), 2234–2239. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001339
Rodríguez-Guerrero, Y. I., Gil-Madrona, P., Pilar León, M., & Vásquez-Cruz, A. E. (2023). Relationship between fine/gross motor skills and language and math development in Colombian Caribbean children: A study in Barranquilla. Infant and Child Development, e2430.
Roscoe, C. M. P., James, R. S., & Duncan, M. J. (2019). Accelerometer-based physical activity levels, fundamental movement skills and weight status in British preschool children from a deprived area. European Journal of Pediatrics, 178(7), 1043–1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-019-03390-z
Rudd, J. R., Barnett, L. M., Butson, M. L., Farrow, D., Berry, J., & Polman, R. C. (2015). Fundamental movement skills are more than run, throw and catch: The role of stability skills. PloS one, 10(10), e0140224.
Rudd, J. R., Barnett, L. M., Farrow, D., Berry, J., Borkoles, E., & Polman, R. (2017). Effectiveness of a 16 week gymnastics curriculum at developing movement competence in children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(2), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2016.06.013
Saavedra, A. R., & Opfer, V. D. (2012). Teaching and learning 21st century skills: Lessons from the learning sciences. A Global Cities Education Network Report. New York, Asia Society, 10.
Sandelowski, M., Voils, C. I., & Leeman, J. (2012). Cracking the code: using mixed methods to analyze qualitative data. Research in Nursing & Health, 35(1), 5-13.
Sansavini, A., Pentimonti, J., Justice, L., Guarini, A., Savini, S., Alessandroni, R., & Faldella, G. (2014). Language, motor and cognitive development of extremely preterm children: modeling individual growth trajectories over the first three years of life. Journal of communication disorders, 49, 55-68.
Sarabzadeh, M., Azari, B. B., & Helalizadeh, M. (2019). The effect of six weeks of Tai Chi Chuan training on the motor skills of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of bodywork and movement therapies, 23(2), 284-290.
Schneck, C. M., Bundy, A., & Volkmann, K. (2007). Validity and reliability of a new pediatric handwriting assessment tool (THAT). American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 61(2), 174-184.
Schott, N., Hüttermann, S., & Stiensmeier-Pelster, J. (2016). Development and Evaluation of a Large-scale Motor Skills Intervention for Kindergarten Children. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 592.
Šeflová, I., Vašícková, J., Kalfirt, L., & Suchomel, A. (2022). Current Approaches to Motor Competence Assessment in School-Age Children. Physical Activity Review, 10(2).
Serrano-Gómez, M. E., & Correa-Bautista, J. E. (2015). Propiedades psicométricas del test de competencias motoras Bruininks Oseretsky en versión corta para niños entre 4 y 7 años en Chía y Bogotá, DC, Colombia. Revista de la Facultad de Medicina, 63(4), 633-640.
Sgrò, F., Quinto, A., Messana, L., Pignato, S., & Lipoma, M. (2017). Assessment of gross motor developmental level in italian primary school children. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(3), 1954–1959. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2017.03192
Sgro, F., Quinto, A., Platania, F., & Lipoma, M. (2019). Assessing the impact of a physical education project based on games approach on the actual motor competence of primary school children. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 19(3), 781–786. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s3111
Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference. Houghton Mifflin Company.
Sinclair, P. M. ;, Levett-Jones, T. ;, Morris, A. ;, Carter, B. ;, & Bennett, P. N. ; (2017). The PLUNGE Randomized Controlled Trial: Evaluation of a Games-Based Physical Activity Professional Learning Program in Primary School Physical Education. Nova.Newcastle.Edu.Au, 19(February), 126–137. https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/services/Download/uon:30997/ATTACHMENT02
Smith, L., Johnson, M., Adenuga, N., Delany, C., Dubuisson, S., Franck, L., ... & Lee, K. (2020). Grasping and Visual-Motor Integration in 6- to 12-Month-Old Infants. Infant and Toddler Development, 29(1), e2178.
Stilling, R. M., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2014). Microbial genes, brain & behaviour–epigenetic regulation of the gut–brain axis. Genes, Brain and Behavior, 13(1), 69-86.
Stodden, D. F., Goodway, J. D., Langendorfer, S. J., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290-306.
Stodden, D. F., Langendorfer, S. J., Goodway, J. D., Roberton, M. A., Rudisill, M. E., Garcia, C., & Garcia, L. E. (2008). A developmental perspective on the role of motor skill competence in physical activity: An emergent relationship. Quest, 60(2), 290–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2008.10483582
Strooband, K. F., Howard, S. J., Okely, A. D., Neilsen-Hewett, C., & de Rosnay, M. (2023). Validity and reliability of a fine motor assessment for preschool children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 51(5), 801-810.
Stöckel, T., & Hughes, C. M. (2016). The relation between measures of cognitive and motor functioning in 5-to 6-year-old children. Psychological research, 80, 543-554.
Tan, C. C., & Liang, L. (2018). The relationship between biomechanical skills and writing skills in elementary school. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 72(4), 7211505131.
Tandon, P. S., Tovar, A., Jayasuriya, A. T., Welker, E., Schober, D. J., Copeland, K., ... & Ward, D. S. (2016). The relationship between physical activity and diet and young children's cognitive development: A systematic review. Preventive medicine reports, 3, 379-390.
Tannehill, D., Iserbyt, P., & Dunn, L. S. (2020). The standards-based curricular reform challenge. School Physical Education and Teacher Education: Collaborative Redesign for the 21st Century.
Tavasoli, A., Azimi, P., & Montazari, A. (2014). Reliability and validity of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-for assessing motor development of low birth weight preterm infants. Pediatric neurology, 51(4), 522-526.
Tidén, A., Lundqvist, C., & Nyberg, M. (2015). Development and initial validation of the NyTid test: A movement assessment tool for compulsory school pupils. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 19(1), 34-43.
Toftegaard-Stoeckel, J. A. N., Groenfeldt, V., & Andersen, L. B. (2010). Children's self-perceived bodily competencies and associations with motor skills, body mass index, teachers' evaluations, and parents' concerns. Journal of sports sciences, 28(12), 1369-1375.
Tremblay, R. E., Nagin, D. S., Séguin, J. R., Zoccolillo, M., Zelazo, P. D., Boivin, M., Pérusse, D., & Japel, C. (2004). Physical aggression during early childhood: trajectories and predictors. Pediatrics, 114(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.114.1.e43
Trost, S. G., & Brookes, D. S. K. (2021). Effectiveness of a novel digital application to promote fundamental movement skills in 3- to 6-year-old children: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(4), 453–459. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1826657
Tseng P, et al. ( 2016)Review of research on the relationship between gross motor skills and fine motor skills in children. Child Dev. 87(1): 97-108.
Tsiros, M. D., Shahrin, S., Mackintosh, S., & Thewlis, D. (2022). Setting up girls for success in fundamental motor skills: The role of balance in 8-10 year olds. Journal of Sports Sciences, 40(19), 2200–2207. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2022.2148051
Ulrich, D. A. (2013). The test of gross motor development-3 (TGMD-3): Administration, scoring, and international norms. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(2), 27-33.
Van Damme, T., Vancampfort, D., Thoen, A., Sanchez, C. P. R., & Van Biesen, D. (2021). Evaluation of the developmental coordination questionnaire (DCDQ) as a screening instrument for co-occurring motor problems in children with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-10.
Vandaele, B., Cools, W., De Decker, S., & De Martelaer, K. (2011). Mastery of fundamental movement skills among 6-year-old Flemish pre-school children. European Physical Education Review, 17(1), 3-17.
Varghese, M., Ruparell, S., & LaBella, C. (2022). Youth athlete development models: a narrative review. Sports Health, 14(1), 20-29.
Veldman, S. L., et al. (2019). Feasibility of administering the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales—second edition with physiotherapists. Disability and Health Journal, 12(3), 530-536.
Verdine, B. N., Golinkoff, R. M., Hirsh-Pasek, K., & Newcombe, N. S. (2017). I. Spatial skills, their development, and their links to mathematics. Monographs of the society for research in child development, 82(1), 7-30.
Vles, J. S. H., Kroes, M., & Feron, F. J. M. (2004). MMT: Maastrichtse motoriek test. Pits BV: Leiden, The Netherlands.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Interaction between learning and development. Readings on the development of children, 23(3), 34-41.
Wang, Yanbo. (2018). Construction and empirical research on the functional movement system of 3~6-year-old children. Academic Forum / Academic Forum 3~6, 141-142.
Wang, Z. Z.. (2013). Exercise, physical activity and chronic disease prevention. Journal of Wuhan Institute of Physical Education, 1000-520X (2013) 11-0069-07, 69-75. https://doi.org/10.15930/j.cnki.wtxb.2013.11.001
Wasenius, N. S., Grattan, K. P., Harvey, A. L. J., Naylor, P. J., Goldfield, G. S., & Adamo, K. B. (2018). The effect of a physical activity intervention on preschoolers’ fundamental motor skills — A cluster RCT. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 21(7), 714–719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.11.004
Webster, E. K., Sur, I., Stevens, A., & Robinson, L. E. (2021). Associations between body composition and fundamental motor skill competency in children. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02912-9
Williams, H. G., Pfeiffer, K. A., O'neill, J. R., Dowda, M., McIver, K. L., Brown, W. H., & Pate, R. R. (2008). Motor skill performance and physical activity in preschool children. Obesity, 16(6), 1421-1426.
Wilson, R. B., McCracken, J. T., Rinehart, N. J., & Jeste, S. S. (2018). What’s missing in autism spectrum disorder motor assessments?. Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders, 10, 1-13.
World Health Organization and International Telecommunication Union . (2019). Guidelines on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Sleep for Children Under 5 Years of Age. In World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/311664
Wormhoudt, R., Teunissen, J. W., & Savelsbergh, G. J. P. (2013). Athletic skills model. Voor een optimale talentontwikkeling. Arko Sports Media.
Wu, H., Eungpinichpong, W., Ruan, H., Zhang, X., & Dong, X. (2021). Relationship between motor fitness, fundamental movement skills, and quality of movement patterns in primary school children. PLoS ONE, 16(5 May 2021), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237760
Wu, Y. T., Tsao, C. H., Huang, H. C., Yang, T. A., & Li, Y. J. (2021). Relationship between motor skills and language abilities in children with autism spectrum disorder. Physical therapy, 101(5), pzab033.
Xia, X., Chao, L., Nan, C., Yin, X., Zheng, H., & Zhang, S. (2022). Fundamental motor skills of kindergarten children in different environments and ethnic groups in Northwest China. BMC pediatrics, 22(1), 1-10.
Yogman, M., Garner, A., Hutchinson, J., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., Baum, R., Gambon, T., Lavin, A., Mattson, G., & Wissow, L. (2018). The power of play: A pediatric role in enhancing development in young children. Pediatrics, 142(3). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-2058
Yogman, M., Garner, A., Hutchinson, J., Hirsh-Pasek, K., Golinkoff, R. M., Baum, R., ... & COMMITTEE ON PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS OF CHILD AND FAMILY HEALTH. (2018). The power of play: A pediatric role in enhancing development in young children. Pediatrics, 142(3).
Yu B, et al. (2017)The relationship between fine motor skills and gross motor skills in children with developmental coordination disorder. Child Care Health Dev. 43(1): 124-130.
Zanella, L. W., Valentini, N. C., Copetti, F., & Nobre, G. C. (2021). Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-(PDMS-2): Reliability, content and construct validity evidence for Brazilian children. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 111, 103871.
Zawi, M. K., WAN PA, W. A. M., & Osman, M. Z. K. (2022). Fundamental motor skills as potential physical talent indicators among indigenous, rural and urban children in Malaysian schools. Journal of Physical Education & Sport, 22(11).
Zeng, N., Ayyub, M., Sun, H., Wen, X., Xiang, P., & Gao, Z. (2017). Effects of physical activity on motor skills and cognitive development in early childhood: a systematic review. BioMed research international, 2017.
Zhang, Dongyan. (2009). A study on the effects of lifestyle on body shape indicators of preschool children in China. Journal of Xi'an College of Physical Education, 4-7.
Zhang, N., et al. (2018). The reliability of Chinese version Peabody Developmental Motor Scales II with 504 healthy children from China. BMC Pediatrics, 18(1), 1-7.
Zhu, W., Rink, J., Placek, J. H., Graber, K. C., Fox, C., Fisette, J. L., ... & Raynes, D. (2011). PE Metrics: Background, testing theory, and methods. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 15(2), 87-99.
Zhu, Y., Hu, J., Ye, W., Korivi, M., & Qian, Y. (2024). Assessment of the measurement properties of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 by applying the COSMIN methodology. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 50(1), 87.
Zouhal, H., Jacob, C., Delamarche, P., & Gratas-Delamarche, A. (2008). Catecholamines and the effects of exercise, training and gender. Sports medicine, 38(5), 401-423.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |