UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun |
This research was conducted to prepare, characterise and determine the effectiveness of nanoemulsion formulations consisting of biopolymers and plant essential oils. Anionic tragacanth gum and cationic guar gum act as nanocarriers for betel, clove and lemongrass essential oils, which are active ingredients in nanoemulsion systems. The characterisation studies were carried out using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, thermogravimetric analyser (TGA), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), zeta potential and particle size analyser. The ability of nanoemulsion formulations to load and release essential oils in vitro in rainwater was determined using an ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer. The Excito chamber study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the fabrics treated with nanoemulsion formulations to repel Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Based on FTIR analysis, there were changes in absoprtion and prominent peaks that indicate the presence of biopolymers and essential oils functional group in each nanoemulsion formulation, confirming the successful encapsulation of essential oils into nanocarriers. All nanoemulsion formulations exhibit 61% to 96% encapsulation efficiency with a range of -16.8 mV to -55.5 mV zeta potential and 0.21 to 0.74 polydispersity index. Based on effectiveness studies, following 5 cycles of washing and heating, most nanoemulsion formulations were able to retain more than 50% on cotton, while more than 30% of the nanoemulsion formulations retained on polyester. The Excito chamber study shown 60% to 98% of Ae. Aegypti mosquitoes were successfully repelled from cotton, whereas 30% to 90% of mosquitoes were repelled from polyester. In conclusion, both anionic tragacanth gum and cationic guar gum have potential as nanocarriers for essential oils in the development of nanoemulsions for fabric finishes. In implication, the application of biopolymers as alternatives to synthetic binders for fabric finishes could produce eco-friendly mosquito repellent spray formulations. |
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