Abdul Aziz Bin Basri. (2018). Kesan Penggunaan Teknik Inkuiri Penemuan Berbanding Tutorial Terhadap Pencapaian Pelajar [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=p&id=cefc359d1dc68add56a998d95a0a9025 629e1f2354209 

Abdul Ghafar Mohd Najib. (2003). Reka Bentuk Tinjauan Soal Selidik Pendidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 

Abdul Jasheer Abdullah & Merza Abbas (2004). Kesan pembelajaran koperatif terhadap prestasi dalam mata pelajaran matematik berbantukan koswer multimedia kementerian pendidikan Malaysia di kalangan pelajar-pelajar tingkatan dua. Prosiding Konvensyen Teknologi Pendidikan Ke-17, 32-40. 

Abu Hassan Kassim. (2003). Kurikulum Sains Sekolah Malaysia. Modul Pengajaran. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Skudai, Johor. 

Ahmad Johari, S. (2008). Teori Pembelajaran: Psikologi Pendidikan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Dimuat http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/10358/1/bab11.pdf 

Ahmad Nurulazam Md Zain, Rohandi & Azman Jusoh. (2010). Instructional Congruence and Changing Students’ Attitudes and Interests toward Science in “Low Performing” Secondary Schools. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 1260–1265. 

Akademi Sains Malaysia.(2015). Penilaian Pelaksanaan Projek Rintis Pendidikan Sains Berasaskan Amalan Inkuiri di 4 buah sekolah rendah di Daerah Hulu Langar Kuala Lumpur: Akademi Sains Malaysia. 

Akpinar, E., Yildiz, E., Tatar, N., & Ergin, Ö. (2009). Students’ attitudes toward science and technology: an investigation of gender, grade level, and academic achievement. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1(1), 2804-2808. 

Aktamis, H., Higde, E., & Özden, B. (2016). Effects of the inquiry-based learning method on students' achievement, science process skills and attitudes towards science: A meta-analysis science. Journal of Turkish Science Education, 13(4), 248-261. https://doi.org/10.12973/tused.10183a 

Anuar Ahmad., Siti Haishah Abd Rahman., & Nur Atiqah T. Abdullah. (2009). Tahap keupayaan pengajaran guru Sejarah dan hubungannya dengan pencapaian murid di sekolah berprestasi rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 34(1), 53–66. 

Aqmarollah Mohd Nasip, & Ong Eng Tek. (2021). Pandangan Guru Terhadap Tahap Kesukaran Topik-Topik Sains Tahun Satu. Jurnal Ilmi, 11, 26-33. https://kuim.edu.my/journal/index.php/JILMI/article/view/1021 

Arasinah Kasim, AB. Rahim Bakar, Ramlah Hamzah, & Soaib Asmiran. (2012). Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia. Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Instrumen Kompetensi Rekaan Fesyen Pakaian (RFP), 37(2), 11-19. http://www.ukm.my/jurfpend/jurnal%2037%282%29/2%20Kesahan.pdf 

Araujo, P. T., Cardoso, A. P., & Fidalgo, S. (2016). Leadership and pedagogical interaction as predictors of learning outcomes in physical education. European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.11.7 

Arsaythamby Veloo, Selvan Perumal, & Vikneswary, R. (2013). Inquiry-based instruction, students’ attitudes and teachers’ support towards science achievement in rural primary schools. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 93, 65-69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.09.153 

Arsaythamby. V. (2011). Keupayaan Teori dan Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran dalam Pembelajaran. Journal of Governance and Development 7,8-15.4 

Asyraf Syahir Bin Tarmizi. (2020). Tahap Pengetahuan Dan Penggunaan Aras Penyoalan Taksonomi Bloom Kalangan Guru Muzik Sekolah Rendah Kuala Lumpur [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=p&id=fb808e148ce015b9d493a65165138336 6334476084517 

Atkinson, M. P., & Hunt, A. N. (2008). Inquiry -guided learning in Sociology.Teaching Sociology, 36(1), 1-7. 

Aziz Nordin & Lin, Hui Ling .(2011) Hubungan sikap terhadap mata pelajaran Sains dengan penguasaan konsep asas sains pelajar tingkatan dua. Journal Of Science & Mathematics Education, 4, 2231-7368. 

Azlina, M. K. (2007). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement in Malaysian undergraduates, International Education Journal, 8(1), 221-228. 

Azman Ab. Rahman, Muhammad Sabri Sahrir, Nurkhamimi Zainuddin, & Hasanah Abd. Khafidz. (2018). Evaluating global zakat game (GZG) board game in enhancing zakat education. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 12(3), 568. https://doi.org/10.11591/edulearn.v12i3.9145 

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2015). Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Menengah. www.moe.gov.my 

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. (2016). Buku Panduan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri (976-967-420). Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. 

Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. (2021). Dokumen Standard Kurikulum dan Pentaksiran Sains Tahun 5. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. 

Best, J.W., & Kahn, J.V.(2006). Research in Education (10th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education. 

Boon, P.Y, Noriati A. Rashid & Sharifah Fakhriah Syed Ahmad. (2009). Murid dan alam belajar. Selangor: Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. 

Boone Jr, H. N., & Boone, D. A. (2012). Analyzing Likert Data. The Journal of Extension, 50(2). https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/joe/vol50/iss2/48/ 

Brandes, D. & P. Ginnis (1986). A Guide to Student Centred Learning. Oxford: Blackwell. 

Buchanan, S., Harlan, M., Bruce, C., & Edwards, S. (2016). Inquiry based learning models, information literacy, and student engagement: A literature review. School Libraries Worldwide, 23-39. https://doi.org/10.29173/slw6914 

Bybee, R.W. & Taylor, Joseph & Gardner, April & Scotter, P. & Carlson, Janet & Westbrook, A. & Landes, N.. (2006). The BSCS 5E instructional model: Origins and effectiveness. Office of Science Education National Institutes of Health. 1-80. 

Cardak, O., Onder, K., & Dikmenli, M. (2007). Effect of the usage of laboratory method in primary school education for the achievement of the students' learning. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 8(2), 1–11. 

Che Nidzam Che Ahmad, Saidatul Ainooor Shaharim, & Mayati Yahaya, A. S. (2016). Kesesuaian Persekitaran Pembelajaran, Interaksi Guru-Pelajar, Komitmen Belajar Dan Keselesaan Pembelajaran Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Biologi. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 6(1), 101-120. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311807343_KESESUAIAN_PERSE KITARAN_PEMBELAJARAN_INTERAKSI_GURU­PELAJAR_KOMITMEN_BELAJAR_DAN_KESELESAAN_PEMBELAJA RAN_DALAM_KALANGAN_PELAJAR_BIOLOGI 

Chin, LC. (2015). Pembangunan dan keberkesanan modul berasaskan pendekatan permainan (nbpp) dalam pendidikan awal matematik prasekolah. Tesis Doktor Falsafah, Fakulti Pendidikan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 

Chong, B. P. (2005). Understanding Of The Nature Of Science And Its Relationship With Academic Achievement And Gender Among Form 6 Student. M.Ed. Project paper, Dept. Maths and Science Education, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 

Chua, Y. P. (2011). Kaedah Penyelidikan. Selangor: McGraw Hill (Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd. 

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2002). Research Methods In Education. Routledge. 

Colburn, A. (2000). An Inquiry Primer. Science Scope. March: 42-44 

Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 98-104. American Psychological Association, Inc. 

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson. 

Davis, L. L. (1992). Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Applied Nursing Research, 5(4), 194-197. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0897­1897(05)80008-4 

DeVellis, R.F. 2003. Scale Development Theory and Applications. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications 

Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. (2005). Kamus Dewan (Edisi keempat.). Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. 

Dixon, R. M., Craven, R., & Martin, A. (2006), Underachievement in a whole city cohort of academically gifted children: what does it look like? Australasian Journal of Gifted Education, 15(2), 9-15. 

Dorothy Dewitt, Norlidah Alias, & Saedah Siraj. (2013). Merekabentuk interaksi bagi pembelajaran dalam talian: Pedagogi modul CmL. JuKu: Jurnal Kurikulum & Pengajaran Asia Pasifik, 1(1), 19-27. https://juku.um.edu.my/index.php/JUKU/article/view/7945 

Duncan, D. K., & Arthurs, L. (2012). Improving student attitudes about learning science and student scientific reasoning skills. Astronomy Education Review, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3847/aer2009067 

Ellerton, N. F. (2003). Language Factors And Their Relevance In Problem Posing And Problem Solving In Primary Mathematics And Science Classrooms. Proc. Best Practices and Innovations in The Teaching and Learning of Science and Mathematics at the Primary School Level, 15-33. 

Emaliana, I, (2017). Teacher-centered or student-centered learning approach to promote learning? Journal Sosial Humaniora. https://doi.org/10.12962/j24433527.v10i2.2161 

ERGÜL, R., Ùø0ùEKLø, Y., ÇALIù, S., Ùirin GÖÇMENÇELEBø, Z. O., & ÙANLI, M. (2011). The Effects Of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching On Elementary School Students’ Science Process Skills And Science Attitudes. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy (BJSEP), 5(1). 

Etiubon, R. U. & Udoh, N. M. (2017). Effects of practical activities and manual on science students’ academic performance on solubility in Uruan local education authority of Akwa Ibom State. Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 202– 209. 

Fara Izzati Marnizam & Siti Rahaimah Ali. (2021). Evaluation of the implementation of classroom assessment among primary school mathematics teachers. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains dan Matematik Malaysia, 11(2), 81-94. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol11.2.7.2021 

Faridah Hanim binti Hj Ishak, Mohd Yusof bin Abdullah & Suhailah binti Hj Ishak. (2019). Hubungan pelaksanaan pembelajaran masteri dan penguasaan konsep sains dengan pencapaian mata pelajaran Sains sekolah rendah di Melaka. Jurnal Kesidang, 4, 63-76. 

Farkhunda Rasheed Choudhary. (2016). Effect Of Inquiry Based Instruction On Student’s Attitude And Academic Achievement In Physics. Sci.Int.(Lahore), 28(4), 91-94. http://www.sci-int.com/pdf/13123424641%20a%2091­94%20Farkhunda%20Rashid%20-Revised-refereed.--Paid.pdf 

Fasya Binti Abdull Hamid. (2019). Perlaksanaan Inkuiri Terbimbing Di Dalam Kalangan Guru Sains Di Negeri Pulau Pinang [Master's thesis]. http://eprints.usm.my/48241/1/PERLAKSANAAN%20INKUIRI%20TERBI MBING%20DI%20KALANGAN%20GURU%20SAINS%20DI%20NEGERI %20PULAU%20PINANG%20cut.pdf 

Fatin, A., Salleh, A.; M., Bilal, A. M., & Salmiza, S. (2014). Faktor penyumbang kepada kemerosotan penyertaan pelajar dalam aliran sains: satu analisis sorotan tesis. Sains Humanika 2:4, 63-71. 

Florengel Jerry & Khairul Jamaludin. (2021). Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri Kritis Dalam Mata Pelajaran Matematik (Implementation of Critical Inquiry Based Learning in Mathematics Subjects). 3. 386-400. 

Foo Jing Yao. (2017). Pembinaan Modul Latihan i-Think Ungkapan Algebra Tingkatan Dua [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=d&id=3a920cd131fc449af24b92736c97cfdd6 2a3a1a466c56 

Fosnot, C.T. (1993). Science education revisited: A defense of Piagetian constructivism. Journal for Research in Science Education 39(9): 1189-1201. 

Gardner, R., & Lambert, W. (1972). Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning. Rowley, MA: Newbury House. 

Gathage, J., Embeywa, H. ., & Koech, P. . (2021). The Effect Of Inquiry-Based Science Teaching Approach On Self-Concept Of Secondary School Physics Students In Kitui County, Kenya. African Journal of Education and Practice, 7(2), 18 – 29. https://doi.org/10.47604/ajep.1255 

George, R. (2006). A cross-domain analysis of change in students' attitudes towards science and attitudes about the utility of science. International Journal of Science Education, 28(6), 571-589. 

Ghazali Darusalam & Sufean Husin (2018), Metodologi Penyelidikan Dalam Pendidikan: Amalan Dan Analisis Kajian. Penerbit Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. 

Gokhale, A.A.(1996). Effectiveness of Computer Simulation for Enhancing Higher Order Thinking, Journal of Industrial Teacher Education, 33(4). 

Halimaton Binti Shamsuddin. (2021). Pembangunan Perisian Pembelajaran M-SMAW bagi Kursus Teknologi Kimpalan Di Kolej Vokasional Malaysia Zon Tengah [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=d&id=baec3db6e031cfae1b0e5f5cb7afd7146 2a39c8d7f81f 

Hamidah Binti Mat. (2019). Pembinaan dan Kesan Modul KPS dengan Soalan Kemahiran Berfikir Aras Tinggi Berasaskan Didik Hibur Tahun 5 [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=d&id=e48e9eeebb263467101bc8c9b17dd684 6281e6c75e8db 

Hasmiza Binti Yaakob, & Muhammad Nubli Bin Abdul Wahab. (2022). Integrasi pembelajaran sains Dan latihan biofeedback dalam meningkatkan prestasi mata pelajaran sains murid sekolah rendah. International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 7(1), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijhtc.v7i1.7596 

Hin, K. K. (2020). PISA 2018 and Malaysia. International Journal of Advanced Research in Education and Society,2(3), 12-18 

Hoyle, P., & Stone, C. (2000). Developing the Literate Scientist. In J. Sears & P. Sorensen (Eds.), Issues in Science Teaching (pp. 89-99). London, UK: Routledge Falme. 

Hugerat, M., & Kortam, N. (2014). Improving higher order thinking skills among freshmen by teaching science through inquiry. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 10(5), 447–454. 

Husni, H. (2020). The effect of inquiry-based learning on religious subjects learning activities: An experimental study in high schools. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 8(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v8i1.434 

Ismail Reduan. (1992). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejayaan pengajaran dan pembelajaran matematik di kalangan murid sekolah rendah. Jurnal Akademik. 

Jamar, J., Paiman, M., Abdul Mutalib, K., Ahmad, N., & Abdul Aziz, R. (2020). Set bento: kajian kes amalan inkuiri berstruktur dalam pengajaran pembelajaran Sains Tahun Tiga. Proceedings for the 5th International Conference on Education, Islamic Studies and Social Sciences Research, 1, 849–856. 

Jaslina Makantal. (2012). Perkembangan kemahiran sosial kanak-kanak melalui bermain: Satu kajian kes di sebuah prasekolah. Tesis Sarjana. Fakulti Pendidikan dan Pembangunan Manusia, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. 

Jdaitawi, M. (2015). Social connectedness, academic, non academic behaviors related to self regulation among university in Saudi Arabia, International Education Studies, 8(2), 84-100. 

Jocz, J. A., Zhai, J., & Tan, A. L. (2014). Inquiry learning in the Singaporean context: Factors affecting student interest in school science. International Journal of Science Education, 36(15), 2596-2618. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2014.908327 

Jogendra Singh, & Vibha Kaushik. (2020). The Study of the effectiveness of the inquiry-based learning method in chemistry teaching learning process. International Journal For Innovative Research In Multidisciplinary Field , 6(4), 234-237. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342833229_The_Study_of_the_effe ctiveness_of_the_inquiry­based_learning_method_in_chemistry_teaching_learning_process 

Johnson, B., & Christensen, L. (2012). Educational Research (4th ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage. 

Jonassen, D., Davidson, M., Collins, M., Campbell, J., dan Haag, B. B. (1995). Constructivism and Computer-mediated Communication in Distance Education. American Journal of Distance Education, 9(2), 7-26. 

Kalaiselvi Shanmugam, & Balamuralithara Balakrishnan. (2017). Kerangka Panduan Efektif Pengajaran Dan Pemudahcaraan (PdPc) sains Menggunakan information communication technology (ICT) Di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil (SJK) (TAML). Sains Humanika, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v10n1.1322 

Kalaiselvi, P. (2016). Self-regulated learning among low achievers: Its relationships with psychological attributes and school climate [Doctoral dissertation]. http://eprints.usm.my/32169/ 

Kamal, N. A., & Suyanta. (2021). The effect of inquiry based learning models on students’ critical thinking ability and self-efficacy in reaction rate material. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1806(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742­6596/1806/1/012179 

Kamarudin, H. H., & Siti Hajar, H. A. (1997). Psikologi Dalam Bilik Darjah. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications and Distributors. 

Kamarul Azmi Jasmi, & Norhafizah Salleh. (2013). Pendekatan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berpusatkan Pelajar Dalam Kecemerlangan Guru Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam dan Guru di Sekolah Menengah: Satu Kajian Kes. 3rd International Conference on Islamic Education 2013, 773-783. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293097633_Pendekatan_Pengajaran _dan_Pembelajaran_Berpusatkan_Pelajar_dalam_Kecemerlangan_Guru_Cem erlang_Pendidikan_Islam_dan_Guru_di_Sekolah_Menengah_Satu_Kajian_Ke s Kamisah Osman, Zanaton Hj Iksan & Lilia Halim (2007) Sikap terhadap Sains dan Sikap Saintifik dikalangan Pelajar Sains. Jurnal Pendidikan, 32, 39-60. 

Kang, J. (2020). Interrelationship between inquiry-based learning and instructional quality in predicting science literacy. Research in Science Education, 52(1), 339-355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-020-09946-6 

Karlina, K., Susilowati, E., & Miriam, S. (2019). Meningkatkan Minat Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Menggunakan model Pembelajaran Inkuiri Terbimbing. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Fisika, 3(2), 48. https://doi.org/10.20527/jipf.v3i2.1030 

Karpov, Y. V., & Haywood, H. C. (1998). Two ways to elaborate Vygotsky’s concept of mediation: Implications for instruction. American Psychologist, 53(1), 27­36. 

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2010). Country Report -Malaysia. International Conference on Science Education Policy and Inquiry-Based Science Education for Development. Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Putrajaya. 

Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2012c). Kurikulum Bersepadu Sekolah Menengah.Spesifikasi Kurikulum Sains Tingkatan 1. Terj.BM. Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum, Putrajaya. 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2014c). Laporan Eksekutif Kajian Pelaksanaan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Sains Di Sekolah: Inkuiri Penemuan. Jemaah Nazir dan Jaminan Kualiti. 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2016). Panduan Pelaksanaan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri. Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum. 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2019). Pelaporan Pentaksiran Sekolah Rendah 2019. https://www.moe.gov.my/muat-turun/laporan-dan-statistik/lp/3056­ pelaporan-pentaksiran-sekolah-rendah-2019/file 

Kementerian Pendidikan. (2023). Maklumat Enrolmen Rendah. https://emisonline.moe.gov.my/risalahmap/ 

Kiemer, K., Gröschner, A., Pehmer, A., & Seidel, T. (2015). Effects of a classroom discourse intervention on teachers' practice and students' motivation to learn mathematics and science. Learning and Instruction, 35, 94-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2014.10.003 

KISOGLU, M. (2018). An examination of science high school students’ motivation towards learning biology and their attitude towards biology lesson. International Journal of Higher Education, 7(1), 151. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v7n1p151 

Krejcie, R.V., & Morgan, D.W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30, 607-610 

Kwanjai, D., & Sumalce, C. (2012). The constructivist learning environments model enhancing cognitive flexibility for higher education: Validation phase. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 46, 3764-3770. 

Lavonen, J., Byman, R., Juuti, K., Meisalo, V., & Uitto, A. (2005). Pupil interest in physics: A survey in Finland. Nordic Studies in Science Education, 1(2), 72-85. https://doi.org/10.5617/nordina.486 

Lee Tze Jiun. (2018). Effects of Structured Inquiry-Based-Teaching on Thinking Skills of Biology Students [Doctoral dissertation]. http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/76268/1/FPP%202018%2031%20IR.pdf 

Lee, H. (2014). Inquiry-based teaching in second and foreign language pedagogy. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 5(6). https://doi.org/10.4304/jltr.5.6.1236-1244 

Lin, B. (2009). The Research on Experience Teaching of Marketing Based on Constructivist Learning Perspective. First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, 839-843. 

Maija Aksela, & Matleena Boström. (2012). Supporting Students’ Interest through Inquiry-Based Learning in the Context of Fuel Cells. Inquiry in Science Education & Argumentation Based Science Inquiry, 53-61. https://www.ajindex.com/dosyalar/makale/acarindex-1423908893.pdf 

Manishimwe, H., Shivoga, W. A., & Nsengimana, V. (2022). Effect of inquiry-based learning on students’ attitude towards learning biology at upper secondary schools in Rwanda. Journal of Baltic Science Education, 21(5), 862-874. https://doi.org/10.33225/jbse/22.21.862 

Maria C.A., Samsilah R., & Tajularipin, S. (2014). Strategi pengajaran pembelajaran di institusi pengajian tinggi: Satu anjakan paradigma. Malaysian Education Dean Council Journal. 8, 101 -115. 

Maria Salleh & Kukan Nallapen. (2015). Pengajaran Inkuiri dan Kesannya terhadap Perkembangan Domain Kognitif, Psikomotor dan Afektif Murid. Asian Education Action Research Journal (AEARJ).Vol 4. 

Masli Irwan Rosli, Darman Nordin, Mohd Shahbudin Mastar @ Masdar, Noorhisham Tan Kofli, Norliza Abd Rahman, Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin, Siti Nurul Hunadia Husin, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah, & Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak. (2021). Reka Bentuk dan Pembangunan Modul STEM Kembara Sains: Chem-E-Car (Design and Development of Kembara Sains: Chem-E-Car STEM Module). Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 24(1), 67-74. http://www.ukm.my/personalia/publication/artikel8-jun-2021/ 

Masrura, Y. (2015). Peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran Matematika melalui penerapan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif tipe learning-6E dengan pendekatan problem solving pada siswa program IPS SMA Negeri Mandai Maras. http://eprints.unm.ac.id/7098/ 

Mastura binti Mustapha, & Azi Azeyanty binti Jamaludin. (2021). Analisis Tahap Minat Terhadap Matapelajaran Sains dan Hubungannya Dengan Kemahiran Abad Ke-21. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 9(2), 103-116. https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JSML/article/view/5081 

Melville, W. dan Bartley, A. (2010). Mentoring and Community: Inquiry as Stance and Science as Inquiry. International Journal of Science Education. 32(6): 807-828. 

Mihladiz, G., Duran, M., & Dogan, A. (2011). Examining primary school students’ attitudes towards science in terms of gender, class level and income level. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2582-2588. 

Miller, L. A., Lovler, R. L., & McIntire, S. A. (2012). Foundations Of Psychological Testing: A Practical Approach. SAGE Publications. 

Mohd Paris Bin Saleh. (2016). Model Pengajaran M-Pembelajaran Berasaskan Kaedah Inkuiri Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Peringkat Menengah [Doctoral dissertation]. https://fdocuments.net/document/model-pengajaran-m­ pembelajaran-berasaskan-kaedah-inkuiri-mata-.html?page=1 

Mohd. Majid Konting. (2004). Kaedah penyelidikan Pendidikan. Hulu Kelang, Selangor: Dawama Sdn.Bhd. 

Muammad Zulfiqar Bin Mat Lui, & Anuar Ahmad. (2021). Minat Murid Terhadap Gaya, Kaedah Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran guru dalam Pendidikan Sejarah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i2.676 

Mubarok, H., Suprapto, N. & Adam, A. S., (2018). Using inquiry-based laboratory to improve students' Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTs). Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1171, 012040. 

Muhamad Aizat Bin Md Nasir. (2016). Kesan Penggunaan Kartun Melalui Persekitaran Pembelajaran Maya Terhadap Prestasi, Motivasi dan Interaksi Sosial dalam kalangan Pelajar Ekonomi Asas [Unpublished master's thesis]. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. 

Mukagihana, J., Nsanganwimana, F., & Aurah, C. M. (2021a). Effect of resource-based instructions on pre-service biology teachers’ motivation toward learning biology. LUMAT: International Journal on Math, Science and Technology Education, 20(8), 262–277. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.9.1.1637 

Nagavalli Poobalan, Rozniza Zaharudin, & Ting, V. Y. (2019). Penggunaan Bahan Multimedia Interaktif 3D Animasi (‘Scratch’) Dalam Kaedah Pembelajaran Teradun Terhadap Minat Dan Pencapaian Murid Tahun 5 Bagi Mata Pelajaran Sains. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 9(2600-9307), 49-56. 

Nancy anak Ngumbang, & Zamri Mahamod. (2017). Sikap, Minat Dan Motivasi Murid Melanau Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu Sebagai Bahasa Kedua. Pendeta Journal of Malay Language, Education and Literature, 8, 47-58. https://doi.org/10.37134/pendeta.vol8.5.2017 

National Research Council. (1996). The Role of Scientists in the Professional Development of Science Teachers. Washington, DC: National Academy Press. 

National Research Council. (2012). National Science Education Standards. Washington, DC: National Academies Press 

Nellie Ismail, Khaidzir Ismail, & Nur Saadah Mohamad Aun. (2016). Kesan Teknik Scaffolding Terhadap Kemahiran Menyelesaikan Masalah Kanak-Kanak Prasekolah. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 96-111. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/56998299/jurnal_scaffolding-with­ cover-page-v2.pdf?Expires=1664469569&Signature=KYlVJ85ESXr6TPnXYf0IBiZoGG dTFkl02rk7T8vg5Yq24XgZwLiCF0SncpOFfXWwsh1GcmoIc840mv6fsz1W BpJpQ-~uVTXzqQ1VrgCfjiL35Y8pzUgmGnPm3DYGfno1ZeEg-u­ D24bWHBnvICZ9d3aDqittYqOCSW6k6bq2pO5rKNg7BB6tXZVXI­ B5nIuB5YUpd1p71UqsZc4K­3A733ANgfSDzEEmyb5O14TYAWNb7yKbtzu9aS60QeK99FPAymnn9O25 EFmcBGZ8fc3yFZhs~jkKDfnDM1Vd­ip01WNLsQrcyBn0tBULMNvilsv3GIgVx4wblewduUR47YF4LQ__&Key­ Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA 

Nik Rafidah Nik Yusoff, & Roslinda Rosli. (2022). Analisis Perbandingan Kurikulum Matematik Tajuk Ruang Sekolah Rendah di Malaysia dan Finland. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(7), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i7.1632 

Nik Zarini Nik Kar, & Salmiza Saleh. (2012). Kesan Pendekatan Inkuiri Penemuan Terhadap Pencapaian Pelajar Dalam Mata Pelajaran Kimia. Asia Pacific Journal of Educators and Education, 27, 159–174. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/83543489.pdf 

Noor Baizura Bahrum, & Mohd Ali Samsudin. (2021). Kesan Pendekatan Pembelajaran STEM Secara Teradun Dalam Bilik Darjah Sains. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 5(1), 12-22. https://itlj.utm.my/index.php/itlj/article/view/59/51 

Noorzana Khamis, & Fatin Aliah Phang. (2021). Pengaruh Pemilihan Aliran dengan Minat, Sikap Dan Persepsi Pelajar Tingkatan Tiga Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Fizik. Sains Humanika, 61-69. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v13n3.1813 

Nor' Aidah Binti Nordin. (2016). Perbandingan Pengetahuan Dan Kemahiran Kaedah Inkuiri Guru Sains Salam Pelaksanaan Lesson Study [Unpublished master's thesis]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 

Noraini Alias. (2013). Penyelidikan dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw-Hill Education (Malaysia) Sdn.Bhd. 

Noraini Mohamed Noh, Norazilawati Abdullah, Wong Kung Teck, & Mahizer Hamzah. (2017). Keberkesanan Pendekatan Flipped Class Room Dalam Pembelajaran Sains Di Sekolah Rendah, 7(2), 106-118. https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPSMM/article/view/2186/1808 

Noraziah Binti Ramli. (2016). Keberkesanan Pembelajaran Koperatif Model Student Teams Achievement Divisions (Stad) Dalam Fizik Terhadap Pencapaian Pelajar [Master's thesis]. http://eprints.uthm.edu.my/id/eprint/9102/1/Noraziah_Ramli.pdf 

Norfaneliza Binti Mohd Embros. (2021). Kesan Teknik Permainan Terhadap Prestasi, Minat Dan Sikap Murid Sekolah Kebangsaan Dalam Mengenal Perkataan Bahasa Cina [Doctoral dissertation]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=p&id=7d5b5d8558f0ebbb0cb5dbe4e9ac8332 633443ffb8fdf 

Norlela Binti Sikas. (2019). Pendidikan Sains Berasaskan Inkuiri: Analisis Kefahaman Guru Pelatih Program Ijazah Sarjana Muda Pendidikan Sains Terhadap Elemen Inkuiri [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=d&id=679ad12d90864efd32d8fbe9b0d57fcb 62824ee75a64e 

Nur Aqilah Rozali, & Noor Dayana Abd Halim. (2020). Kesan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri Dengan Integrasi Video Terhadap Pencapaian Pelajar Dalam Pembelajaran Matematik. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 3(2), 42­60. http://161.139.21.34/itlj/index.php/itlj/article/view/42 

Nur Huda Mazlan (2007). Pembangunan Laman Web Bagi Matapelajaran Kimia Tingkatan 4 Asid dan Bes. Projek Sarjana Muda. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 

Nur Najwa Mohamed & Anis Norma Mohamad Jaafar. (2020). Penggunaan Modul Pembelajaran Inkuiri Berasaskan Projek Terhadap Kanak-Kanak Berumur 4 Tahun. Jurnal Pendidikan Awal Kanak-kanak Kebangsaan (Special Issue), 9, 73-90. https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/journal/JPAK 

Nur Raihana Mohd Razak, Anis Nazihah Mat Daud, Nurul Hazwani Ariffin, Norazilawati Abdullah, & Nurhafizah Hasim. (2022). Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran WAO Bagi Topik Penyerapan Sains Tahun Satu. Journal of Science and Mathematics Letters, 10, 51-62. https://ejournal.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JSML/article/download/6784/3483/ 

Nurkhamimi Zainuddin, & Rozhan M. Idrus. (2017). From TPACK to Learning Buffet: Developing a New Model for Open and Flexible Learning. Saudi J. Humanities Soc. Sci, 2(4), 344-347. http://scholarsmepub.com/sjhss/ 

Nurul Affa Abu Mansor & Anuar Ahmad. (2022). Hubungan antara Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri dengan Kemahiran Memahami Kronologi dalam Kalangan Murid Sekolah Rendah. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikane, 4(1), 242-255. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd/article/view/17863/9440 

Nurul Asyikin Binti Ahmad. (2018). Kesan Kaedah Permainan Terhadap Pencapaian Topik Pengalaman Pranombor dan Tingkah Laku Prososial Murid Prasekolah [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=d&id=f515a76f42cc47d77874b0d6be64285b 62a3a0aec1d13 

Nurul Farhana Jumaat, Yazid Saupian, & Noor Hidayah binti Che Lah. (2022). Pembelajaran Berasaskan Inkuiri dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Literasi Sains dan Pencapaian Murid menerusi Persekitaran Pembelajaran dalam Talian. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(1), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i1.1250 

Okland, G. M. (2012). Determinants of learning outcome for students at high school in norway: a constructivist approach. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 56 (2), 119-138. 

Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2019). PISA 201 8 Database. http://www.OECD.org/PISA2018Database 

Pakkiaraj A/L David. (2020). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pengintegrasian TMK Terhadap Pdpc Dalam Kalangan Guru Matematik Sekolah Rendah [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=p&id=80b9302a17d04935a7914bc9d35b304 66334469a60b57 

Palinscar, A.S. (1998). Social constructivist perspectives on teaching and learning. Annual Review of Psychology, 49(1), 345-375. 

Pehlivan, H. & Köseoglu, P. (2011) The Reliability and Validity Study of the Attitude Scale for Physics Course. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 338– 3341. 

Piaget, J. (1977). The development of though: Equilibration of cognitive structures. New York: Viking. 

Polit, D. F., Beck, C. T., & Owen, S. V. (2007). Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Research in Nursing & Health, 30(4), 459-467. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20199 

Poysa, S., Vasalampi, K., Muotka, J., Lerkkanen, M., Poikkeus, A., & Nurmi, J. (2018). Teacher–student interaction and lower secondary school students’ situational engagement. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 89(2), 374­392. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjep.12244 

PPPM. (2012). Laporan Awal Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia Rafiee Jamian & Hafsah Taha. (2020). Analisis keperluan kebolehgunaanaplikasi mudah alih terhadap sikap, minatdan pengetahuan asas matematik tahun 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 10(1), 9-15. https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPSMM/article/view/3076/2246 

Rahmah Awang, S., & Abdul Shukor, S. (2010). Faktor-faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Sintaksis Bahasa Melayu. Seminar Majlis Dekan Pendidikan IPTA 2010. Perlis: Universiti Utara Malaysia. http://repo.uum.edu.my/1698/1/Rahmah_Awang_Sapie_%26_Prof._Madya._ Dr._Awang_Shukor_Shaari%5B1%5D.pdf 

Rajendran, N.S. 2010. Teaching And Acquiring Higher-Order Thinking Skills: Theory And Practice. Tanjung Malim: Penerbit Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. 

Ramly, R., Jaafar, R., Daud, A. N. M., Ali, S., Mokhtar, W. Z. A. W., Haron, R., & Safian, N. A. M. (2016). Effectiveness of multi-frames video recorded experiments on pre-university students’ achievement for Capacitor topic. EDUCATUM Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology, 3(2), 38–43. 

Rau, A. N. (2022). Effects of Inquiry-Based Learning on Science Students [Master's thesis, Bethel University]. Spark Repository. https://spark.bethel.edu/etd/885 

Renninger, K. A & Hidi, S. (2002). Student Interest and Achievement: Developmental Issues Raised by a Case Study. Development of Achievement Motivation, 173­195 

Rian Vebrianto & Kamisah Osman. (2012). Keberkesanan Penggunaan Pelbagai Media Pengajaran Dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Proses Sains Dalam Kalangan Pelajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 37(2): 1-11 

Riwayati Yanu Fatkhriyah. (2019). Inquiry-based learning: An attempt to enhance students’ speaking performance. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 4(7), 912. https://doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i7.12633 

Rocard, M., Cesrmley, P., Jorde, D., Lenzen, D., Walberg-Herniksson, H., &Hemmo, V. (2007). Science education NOW: A Renewed Pedagogy for the Future of Europe. Brussels, Belgium: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. http://ec.europa.eu/research/ science 

Rogayan, D. V. (2019). Biology learning station strategy (BLISS): Its effects on science achievement and attitude towards biology. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 1(2), 78–89. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.10 

Rosnidar Mansor, Haeidatul Nashrah binti Hassan, Norazilawati Abdullah, & Nik Azmah Nik Yussuf. (2015). Keberkesanan Penggunaan I-Think Terhadap Pencapaian Dan Minat Murid Dalam Tajuk Sifat Bahan, Sains Tahun 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematik Malaysia, 5(2), 98-116. https://ojs.upsi.edu.my/index.php/JPSMM/article/view/2154/1775 

Rozali, N. A. & Abd Halim, N. D. (2020). Kesan pembelajaran berasaskan inkuiri dengan integrasi video terhadap pencapaian pelajar dalam pembelajaran Matematik. Innovative Teaching and Learning Journal, 3(2), 42–60. 

Ruel, E., Wagner, W. E., & Gillespie, B. J. (2016). The practice of survey research. Theory and Applications. Singapore: Sage Publication 

Sabitha Marican. (2012). Penyelidikan Sains Sosial Pendekatan Prakmatik. Selangor: Edusystem Sdn Bhd. 

Sarmila Tamoh Deram, & Abdul Razaq Ahmad. (2017). Pembangunan Modul 5E Dalam Meningkatkan Kemahiran Pemikiran Sejarah. 2nd International Conference in Education and Regional Development. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321912229_PEMBANGUNAN_MO DUL_5E_DALAM_MENINGKATKAN_KEMAHIRAN_PEMIKIRAN_SEJ ARAH 

Schmitt, N. (1996). Uses and abuses of coefficient alpha. Psychological Assessment, 8(4), 350-353. 

Seth Sulaiman, Fatin Aliah Phang & Marlina Ali. (2005). Kemahiran Metakognitif Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Di Negeri Johor Dalam Menyelesaikan Masalah Fizik. Laporan Teknikal Vot 75161. UTM. 

Sharma, S., Ahluwalia, P. K., & Sharma, S. K. (2013). Students’ epistemological beliefs, expectations, and learning physics: An international comparison. Physical Review Special Topics -Physics Education Research, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevstper.9.010117 

Shulman, L. S. (1968). Psychological Controversies in Teaching of Science and Mathematics. The Science Teacher 35(1):34-39. 

Sidek, S. & Hashim, M. (2016). Pengajaranberasaskan video dalam pembelajaran berpusatkan pelajar: analisis dan kajian kritikal. Journal of ICT in Education. 3,24-33. 

Simpson, R.D. & Oliver, J.S. (1990). A Summary of Major Influences on Attitude Toward and Achievement in Science Among Adolescent Students. Science Education. 74(1), 1-18 

Simsek, P., & Kabapinar, F. (2010). The effects of inquiry-based learning on elementary students’ conceptual understanding of matter, scientific process skills and science attitudes. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1190-1194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.03.170 

Siti Halijah Laungeng. (2016). Strategi Peta Konsep Dan Strategi Tradisional Terhadap Pencapaian Komsas Dalam Bahasa Melayu Pelajar Tingkatan 4. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu – JPBM (Malay Language Education Journal – MyLEJ), 6(1), 30-37. https://spaj.ukm.my/jpbm/index.php/jpbm/article/view/106 

Siti Nur Kamariah Rubani, Norraliza Norrahim, Norhasyimah Hamzah, Arihasnida Ariffin, & Tamil Selvan Subramaniam. (2018). Penggunaan Kaedah Inkuiri Penemuan Terhadap Minat Pelajar Dalam Eksperimen Sains Tahun 5. Online Journal for TVET Practitioners. https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/oj-tp/article/view/4810 

Siti Rahayah Ariffin. (2008). Inovasi dalam pengukuran dan penilaian pendidikan. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. 

Siti Shahida Mohd Aziri. (2016). Tahap Penguasaan Kemahiran Proses Sains Bersepadu dan Kemahiran Abad ke-21 Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Biologi.Tesis Ijazah Sarjana Pendidikan, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak. 

Sitti Hamsina Rais. (2015). Pendekatan Pembelajaran Inkuiri Dalam Kemahiran Menulis Bahasa Inggeris Di Madrasah Negeri Makassar [Master's thesis]. http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/77924/1/SittiHamsinaRaisPFP2015.pdf 

Smith, R. S. (2008). Experiencing the Process of Knowledge Creation: The Nature and Use of Inquiry-Based Learning in Higher Education. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Experiencing-the-Process-of­ Knowledge-Creation-%3A-of-Spronken­

Smith/3fee07e7280a7404e5dd99b88965be3e60b42e93 

Sri Wulandari, D. (2015). Teori Belajar Konstruktivis Piaget Dan Vygotsky.Indonesian Digital Journal of Mathematics and Education, 2(3), 191-198. 

Staver, J.R & Small, L. (1990). Toward a clearer representation of the crisis in science education. J. Research in Science Teaching, 27, 79-89. 

Strang, K. D. (2016). Can online student performance be forecasted by learning analytics? International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning, 8(1), 26-47. 

Su, S., Andrew, O., & William, R. (2012). Activity matters: understanding student interest in school science. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 49(4), 515­537. 

Subba, M., Choezom, S., Seldon, P., & Subba, B. (2019). Effects of using inquiry based learning pedagogy in teaching science. Journal of Research in Education, Science and Technology, 4(2), 44-53. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344919645_Effects_of_Using_Inqui ry_Based_Learning_Pedagogy_in_Teaching_Science 

Summerlee, A., & Murray, J. (2010). The impact of inquiry -based learning on academic performance and student engagement. Journal of Higher Education, 40 (2), 78 -94. 

Sund, R B. & Trowbridge, L.W. (1973). Teaching Science by Inquiry in the Secondary School. Columbus, Ohio: Charles E. Merrill Publishing Company. 

Suppiah Nachiappan, Lata Muthaiah, and Sandra Suffian. 2017. “Analisis Sikap Murid Terhadap Mata Pelajaran Sains Di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Tamil)”. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Matematik Malaysia 7, (2), 85-105. https://doi.org/10.37134/jpsmm.vol7.2.7.2017 

Suresh Kumar N Vellymalay. (2014). Etnisiti Dan Interaksi Sosial Dalam Kalangan Murid Pelbagai Etnik Di Bilik Darjah. Journal of Human Capital Development, 7(2), 47-61. https://journal.utem.edu.my/index.php/jhcd/article/viewFile/2125/1278 

Talib, O., Luan, W. S., Azhar, S. C. & Abdullah, N. (2009). Uncovering Malaysian Students Motivation to Learning Science. European Journal of Social Science, 8(2): 266-276 

Tan Ai Ling. (2007). Pengaruh Minat Dalam Amalan Motivasi Terhadap Pembelajaran Pelajar-Pelajar Tingkatan Empat [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=p&id=4446996a035a43fd01cfef3c8e294d456 335b2d52c242 

Tan, J. M. & Khor, K. H. (2012). Kajian tindakan: Penggunaan kaedah inkuiri­penemuan KAKAK untuk meningkatkan prestasi murid-murid Tahun Empat dalam topik Fantastic Materials. Persidangan Kebangsaan Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Lestari 2012, 57–65 

Tan, Y. S. (2007). Attitudes and achievement orientations of students towards learning of science and mathematics in English. Kajian Malaysia, 15 (1), 15-39. 

Tanner, K. D. (2010). Order matters: Using the 5E model to align teaching with how people learn. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 9(3), 159-164. https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.10-06-0082 

Tay, A. J., & Saleh, S. (2019). Science Teachers’ Instructional Practices In Malaysian And German Secondary Schools. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(4), 124. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n4p124 

Thorndike, R. M. (1997). The Early History of Intelligence Testing. In D. P. Flanagan, J. L. Genshaft, & P. L. Harrison (Eds.), Contemporary intellectual assessment: Theories, tests, and issues (p. 3– 16). The Guilford Press. 

Toth M.J et.al. (2010). Changing delivery Methods Changing practices; Exploring Instructional practices face -to-face and Hybric Courses. In MERLOT Journal Online Learning and Teaching vol .6, no. 3. 

Trna, K., Trnova, E., & Svobodova, J. (2013). Inquiry-based Science Education and Experiments. https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Inquiry-based-Science­ Education-and-Experiments-Trna­

Trnov%C3%A1/d06ed51311789175dc4c9d17fc189e9358c9c6d0#citing­ papers 

Tuan Mastura Tuan Soh, Nurazidawati Mohamad Arsad & Kamisah Osman. (2010). The Relationship of 21st Century Skills on Students’ Attitude and Perception towards Physics. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7(C), 546–554. 

Turpin,T. & Cage, B.N. (2004). The effects of an integrated, activity-based science curriculum on student achievement, science process skills, and science attitudes. Electron. J. Literacy through Science, 3. 

Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of the higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 

Wang, P., Wu, P., Yu, K., & Lin, Y. (2015). Influence of implementing inquiry-based instruction on science learning motivation and interest: A perspective of comparison. Procedia -Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 1292-1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.750 

Weimer, M. (2002). Leamer-centered teaching: five key changes topractice. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 

Wheatley, K. (2018). Inquiry-Based Learning: Effects on Student Engagement. Honors Projects. https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1435&context=hon orsprojects 

Willis, J. (1995). A recursive, reflective instructional design model based on constructivist-interpretivist theory. Educational Technology, 12, 5-23. 

Wiseman, D.C. (1999). Research strategies for education. Belmount, CA: Wadsworth Publishing Company. 

Yahya, R. A. S., Mat Daud, A. N. & Jaafar, R. (2019). Development and evaluation of multi-frames video recorded experiments as self-learning materials for Electricity topic. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(1), 34–46. 

Zainudin Awang. (2012). Research Methodology and Data Analysis. Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Mara Press. 

Zalizan, I. (2013). Masalah Pembelajaran sains. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia: Tesis Sarjana Muda. 

Zamrah, Y. (1999). Satu Kajian Mengenal Pasti Faktor-Faktor Kelemahan Pencapaian Matematik di Kalangan Tingkatan Empat Di Tiga Buah Sekolah Menengah Di Daerah Pasir Mas Kelantan. Skudai, Johor: Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 

Zanaton Iksan, Lilia Halim & Kamisah Osman. (2006). Sikap Terhadap Sains dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sains di Peringkat Menengah dan Matrikulasi. Pertanika Journal Social Science and Human,14(2), 131-147. 

Zhao, N., Wardeska, J.G., McGuire, S.Y., & Cook, E. (2014). Metacognition: an effective tool to promote success in college science learning. Journal of College Science Teaching, 43(4), 48–54. 

Zulkipli Bin Zakaria. (2020). Hubungan Di Antara Beban Tugas Guru Dengan Kepimpinan Guru Di Sekolah Rendah Daerah Perak Tengah [Master's thesis]. https://ir.upsi.edu.my/doc.php?t=p&id=59236359f5a26ac7c87c8240e9e4ab84 6334485b49bc4