UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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| Abstract : Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun |
| This research was aimed to analyse students’ emotions caused by the character’s realism design in the dimension of valence and arousal and its’ mediating effects on emotions in learning. 2D female virtual agents with four different realism appearances namely realistic, semi-realistic, stylized and cartoon-like were designed and developed. Quasi-experimental design was used to answer the research questions derived and the data obtained was analysed using ANOVA, post hoc and bootstrap mediation analysis. The experiment was carried out with 600 Electrical Engineering students from seven polytechnics in Malaysia. Students were divided into four different groups using multistage sampling methods, where each group consisted of 150 students who underwent four different realism designs of the virtual agents respectively. The ANOVA test show that there are significant differences on valence (F (3, 596) = 15.48, p=0.00, .p2= 0.07), arousal (F (3, 596) = 15.79, p=0.00, .p2= 0.07) and emotion in learning (F (3, 596) = 2.89, p=0.35, .p2= 0.01) caused by different realism designs of virtual agents. The results revealed that cartoon-like design scored the lowest mean score for both valence and arousal followed by stylized, realistic and semi-realistic design. It has been found that all the different realism designs of virtual agents fell at high affective state and consequently escaped from the uncanny valley effect. Interestingly, cartoon-like design scored the highest mean score for emotions in learning followed by semi-realistic, realistic and stylized designs. In summary, cartoon-like agent is the best agent among others in inducing positive emotions in learning. In addition, the mediation analysis showed that only arousal has mediating effects on the relation between different realism designs and emotions in learning (ß=-0.311, CI = -0.564 to -0.114). Therefore, this study recommends cartoon-like agent as the best suitable design for 2D virtual agent followed by semi-realistic, realistic and stylized designs. Finally, the findings of this study can be a useful guideline for character designers in determining the ideal 2D virtual agent appearance to elicit maximum impact of it in promoting positive emotions in multimedia learning environment. |
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