|
UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract : Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun |
| The first working atomic force microscopy (AFM) was demonstrated in 1986 by G. Binnig, C.F. Quate,
and Ch. Gerber (1). The invention was based on its predecessor, a scanning tunneling microscope
(STM), which led to the recognition award of the Novel Prize (Physics) in 1986 (2). The STM
operation lies on the electron tunneling effect trough the potential barrier between electrically
conductive probe and sample surface. Meanwhile, force interaction (e.g. van der Walls
forces, electrostatic forces, magnetic forces) between sample surface and probe is the
operation principle for AFM. Compared to the STM, samples studied under
the AFM do not need to be electrically conductive or metal-coated. The AFM invention solves the
problem to image a surface beyond the diffraction limit (resolution in nm order) of common
optical microscopy in both electrically conductive and non-conductive samples, as well as in
various condition of sample environment (e.g. liquid). Since the invention of the STM and AFM,
various probe based-microscopes have been developed, for example friction force microscope (FFM)
and near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM). These kinds of microscopes are
grouped under the family of scanning probe microscope (5PM).
|
| This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |