Symbolism of cultural elements in Malaysian and Chinese pewter craft

This study aims to analyse the differences in design cultural elements between Malaysian and Chinese pewter crafts. The historical study aims to trace the evolution of the symbolism of cultural elements in utility product design from traditional Chinese pewter crafts to modern Malaysian pewter crafts, and to identify the factors that led the Malaysian pewter craft industry to achieve the popularity of traditional pewter crafts in the modern market. A total of 500 pewter craft products from 1990 to 2010 were collected, and only 40 were selected for comparison. The selection process ensures impartial consideration with no bias or personal influence. These considerations are aligned with research objectives, marketing segments, ethnic population rates, cultural types, and pewter product classifications. Analytical approach using iconographic narrative focuses on external elements such as form, pattern, structure, and material. Charles Sanders Peirce pursues symbolic analysis through his triad semiotic theory, which involves sensory relations, sign vehicles, and references. Behavioural semantics, pragmatics and syntax of Charles William Morris, and cultural semiotics are from J_rgen Dines Johansen and Svend Erik Larsen. The findings revealed differences in the design of pewter craft products between the two countries. The study also found the evolution of symbolism with the application of cultural elements in the design of modern Malaysian utility products made from pewter compared to Chinese pewter crafts. The factors behind the achievement, acceptance, and success of modern Malaysian pewter crafts are complex and comprehensive. This study gives benefits in understanding the concepts and methods of designs based on multicultural elements in the practice of pewter craft design in Malaysia. The process symbolises the evolution of similar design cultural elements between crafts from different cultural communities. This situation can be a catalyst for the public acceptance and healthy development of traditional crafts in the international market.