Phytochemical profiling essential oil composition and bioactivity evaluation of Boesenbergia albosanguine (Ridle) Loes

The aim of this study was to determine essential oil composition, phytochemicals, and to evaluate bioactivities of Boesenbergia albosanguinea (Zingiberaceae) rhizomes. The essential oil was extracted using hydrodistillation and its chemical composition was determined via gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The rhizome was extracted using Soxhlet extraction (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol). Phytochemicals of each extract were isolated by chromatographic techniques and their structures were confirmed using spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature. The antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2- diphenylpicrylhydrazil (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, and the antiinflammatory activity was evaluated using the lipoxygenase inhibition assay. The study indicates that the essential oil of B. albosanguinea comprised elemicin (44.0%), _- gurjunene (9.3%), _-caryophyllene (4.5%), and safrole (4.1%). Isolation and purification of the rhizome extracts afforded seven phytochemicals identified as panduratin A (72), isopanduratin A (76), pinocembrin (114), pinostrobin (115), 5,6- dehydrokawain (196), kaempferol (131), and luteolin (138). Elemicin (60) was also isolated from the rhizome essential oil. Elemicin showed the highest antioxidant activity potency with an IC50 value of 9.3 _g/mL, while isopanduratin A (76) demonstrated the strongest lipoxygenase inhibitory activity (84.9%). In conclusion, the essential oil of B. albosanguinea was found to be rich in phenylpropanoids, with flavonoids as the major phytochemicals. This study suggests B. albosanguinea is a potential source of antioxidant compounds, which may be beneficial in the prevention of free radicalrelated diseases such as atherosclerosis and diabetes.