L. Garcia-Rio, N. Basílio, and V. Francisco, ‘Counterion effect on sulfonatocalix[n]arene

recognition’, Pure Appl. Chem., vol. 92, no. 1, pp. 25–37, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1515/pac-2019-0305.

 

S. Shinkai, ‘Calixarenes-The Third Generation of Supramolecules’, Tetrahedron, vol. 49, no. 40, pp.

8933–8968, 1993.

 

A. de Fatima, S. Fernandes, and A. Sabino, ‘Calixarenes as New Platforms for Drug Design’, Curr.

Drug Discov. Technol., vol. 6, no. 2, 2009, doi: 10.2174/157016309788488302.

 

H. Li and Y. W. Yang, ‘Gold nanoparticles functionalized with supramolecular macrocycles’, Chin.

Chem. Lett., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 545–552, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.cclet.2013.04.014.

 

V. Bohmer, ‘Calixarenes, Macrocycles with (Almost) Unlimited Possibilities’, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

Engl., vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 713–745, 1995.

 

S. Moffa et al., ‘Synthesis, characterization, and computational study of aggregates from amphiphilic

calix[6]arenes. Effect of encapsulation on degradation kinetics of curcumin’, J. Mol. Liq., vol. 368, p.

120731, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120731.

 

E. Español and M. Villamil, ‘Calixarenes: Generalities and Their Role in Improving the Solubility,

Biocompatibility, Stability, Bioavailability, Detection, and Transport of Biomolecules’, Biomolecules,

vol. 9, no. 3, p. 90, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.3390/biom9030090.

 

R. Ludwig, ‘Calixarenes in analytical and separation chemistry’, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., vol. 367,

no. 2, pp. 103–128, May 2000, doi: 10.1007/s002160051611.

 

G. Sachdeva et al., ‘Calix[n]arenes and its derivatives as organocatalysts’, Coord. Chem. Rev., vol.

472, p. 214791, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214791.

 

C. Jin Mei and S. Ainliah Alang Ahmad, ‘A review on the determination heavy metals ions using

calixarene-based electrochemical sensors’, Arab. J. Chem., vol. 14, no. 9, Sep. 2021, doi:

10.1016/j.arabjc.2021.103303.

 

 A. Gorbunov et al., ‘Selective azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions of azidoalkylated calixarenes’,

Org. Chem. Front., vol. 7, no. 17, pp. 2432–2441, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1039/d0qo00650e.

 

 A. Awasthi, P. Jadhao, and K. Kumari, ‘Clay nano-adsorbent: structures, applications and mechanism

for water treatment’, SN Appl. Sci., vol. 1, no. 9, Sep. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s42452-019-0858-9.

 

R. Sivashankar, A. B. Sathya, K. Vasantharaj, and V. Sivasubramanian, ‘Magnetic composite an

environmental super adsorbent for dye sequestration - A review’, Environ. Nanotechnol. Monit.

Manag., vol. 1–2, pp. 36–49, Nov. 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.enmm.2014.06.001.

 

V. Montes-García, J. Pérez-Juste, I. Pastoriza-Santos, and L. M. Liz-Marzán, ‘Metal nanoparticles

and supramolecular macrocycles: A tale of synergy’, Chem. - Eur. J., vol. 20, no. 35, pp. 10874–

10883, Aug. 2014, doi: 10.1002/chem.201403107.

 

G. Mcmahon, S. O’malley, K. Nolan, and D. Diamond, ‘Important calixarene derivatives-their

synthesis and applications’, Arkivoc, vol. 2003, no. 7, pp. 23–31, Apr. 2003, doi:

http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0004.704.

 

N. I. Ruslan, D. C. K. Lim, S. A. Alang Ahmad, S. F. N. Abdul Aziz, F. L. Supian, and N. A. Yusof,

‘Ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of metal ions using dicarboethoxycalixarene-based sensor’,

J. Electroanal. Chem., vol. 799, pp. 497–504, Aug. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.06.038.

 

A. Shah, ‘A Novel Electrochemical Nanosensor for the Simultaneous Sensing of Two Toxic Food

Dyes’, ACS Omega, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 6187–6193, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00354.

 

S. Abubakar, T. Skorjanc, D. Shetty, and A. Trabolsi, ‘Porous Polycalix[n]arenes as Environmental

Pollutant Removers’, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, vol. 13, no. 13, pp. 14802–14815, Apr. 2021, doi:

10.1021/acsami.0c23074.

 

S. Pilato et al., ‘Calixarene-based artificial ionophores for chloride transport across natural liposomal

bilayer: Synthesis, structure-function relationships, and computational study’, Biochim. Biophys. Acta

BBA - Biomembr., vol. 1863, no. 10, p. 183667, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2021.183667.

 

T. Nishikubo, A. Kameyama, and H. Kudo, ‘Novel High Performance Materials. Calixarene

Derivatives Containing Protective Groups and Polymerizable Groups for Photolithography, and

Calixarene Derivatives Containing Active Ester Groups for Thermal Curing of Epoxy Resins’, Polym.

J., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 213–229, 2003, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/polymj.35.213.

 

X. Tian et al., ‘4-Sulfocalix[4]arene/Cucurbit[7]uril-Based Supramolecular Assemblies through the

Outer Surface Interactions of Cucurbit[ n]uril’, ACS Omega, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 6665–6672, Jun. 2018,

doi: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00829.

 

X. Y. Hu, S. Peng, D. S. Guo, F. Ding, and Y. Liu, ‘Molecular recognition of amphiphilic p -

sulfonatocalix[4]arene with organic ammoniums’, Supramol. Chem., vol. 27, pp. 336–345, 2015, doi:

10.1080/10610278.2014.967242.

 

S. Shinkai, S. Mori, T. Tsubaki, T. Sone, and O. Manabe, ‘New water-soluble host molecules derived

from calix[6]arene’, Tetrahedron Lett., vol. 25, no. 46, 1984, doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(01)81592-6.

 

P. Shivappa Adarakatti, C. W. Foster, C. E. Banks, A. K. N. S., and P. Malingappa, ‘Calixarene bulk

modified screen-printed electrodes (SPCCEs) as a one-shot disposable sensor for the simultaneous

detection of lead(II), copper(II) and mercury(II) ions: Application to environmental samples’, Sens.

Actuators Phys., vol. 267, pp. 517–525, Nov. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.sna.2017.10.059.

 

Ö. Mermer, S. Okur, F. Sümer, C. Özbek, S. Sayın, and M. Yılmaz, ‘Gas Sensing Properties of Carbon

Nanotubes Modified with Calixarene Molecules Measured by QCM Techniques’, Acta Phys. Pol. A,

vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 240–242, Jan. 2012, doi: 10.12693/APhysPolA.121.240.

 

X. Liang, D. M. King, and A. W. Weimer, ‘Ceramic ultra-thin coatings using atomic layer deposition’,

in Ceramic Nanocomposites, Rajat Banerjee and Indranil Manna, Eds., Elsevier, 2013, pp. 257–283.

doi: 10.1533/9780857093493.2.257.

 

R. Asmatulu and W. S. Khan, ‘Characterization of electrospun nanofibers’, in Synthesis and

Applications of Electrospun Nanofibers, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 257–281. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-

813914-1.00013-4.

 

M. F. Erinosho and E. T. Akinlabi, ‘Estimation of Surface Topography and Wear Loss of Laser Metal‐

Deposited Ti6Al4V and Cu’, Adv. Eng. Mater., vol. 18, no. 8, pp. 1396–1405, Aug. 2016, doi:

10.1002/adem.201600062.

 

Z.-N. Fang, B. Yang, M.-G. Chen, C.-H. Zhang, J.-P. Xie, and G.-X. Ye, ‘Growth and morphology of

ultra-thin Al films on liquid substrates studied by atomic force microscopy’, Thin Solid Films, vol.

517, no. 11, pp. 3408–3411, Apr. 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2009.01.017.

 

M. Kwoka, L. Ottaviano, and J. Szuber, ‘AFM study of the surface morphology of L-CVD SnO2 thin

films’, Thin Solid Films, vol. 515, no. 23, pp. 8328–8331, Sep. 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.03.035.

 

J. Xie, X. Lu, Y. Zhu, C. Liu, N. Bao, and X. Feng, ‘Atomic force microscopy (AFM) study on

potassium hexatitanate whisker (K2O·6TiO2)’, J. Mater. Sci., vol. 38, no. 17, pp. 3641–3646, Sep.

2003, doi: 10.1023/A:1025685516330.

 

M. Cremona et al., ‘Grain size distribution analysis in polycrystalline LiF thin films by mathematical

morphology techniques on AFM images and X‐ray diffraction data’, J. Microsc., vol. 197, no. 3, pp.

260–267, Mar. 2000, doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2818.2000.00661.x.

 

Y. Gong, S. T. Misture, P. Gao, and N. P. Mellott, ‘Surface Roughness Measurements Using Power

Spectrum Density Analysis with Enhanced Spatial Correlation Length’, J. Phys. Chem. C, vol. 120,

no. 39, pp. 22358–22364, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b06635.

 

T. Ando, T. Uchihashi, and S. Scheuring, ‘Filming biomolecular processes by high-speed atomic force

microscopy’, Chem. Rev., vol. 114, no. 6, pp. 3120–3188, Mar. 2014, doi: 10.1021/cr4003837.

 

G. Binnig, C. F. Quate’ ’, E. L. Gi, and C. Gerber, ‘Atomic Force Microscope’, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol.

56, no. 9, pp. 930–933, Mar. 1996, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.56.930.

 

P. S. Liu and G. F. Chen, ‘Characterization Methods’, in Porous Materials, Elsevier, 2014, pp. 411–

492. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407788-1.00009-5.

 

P. J. D. Whiteside, J. A. Chininis, and H. K. Hunt, ‘Techniques and challenges for characterizing

metal thin films with applications in photonics’, Coatings, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 1–26, Sep. 2016, doi:

10.3390/coatings6030035.

 

A. Abdelbary and L. Chang, ‘Properties and characteristics of tribo-surfaces’, in Principles of

Engineering Tribology, Elsevier, 2023, pp. 33–75. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-323-99115-5.00009-8.

 

K. Munir, A. Biesiekierski, C. Wen, and Y. Li, ‘Surface modifications of metallic biomaterials’, in

Metallic Biomaterials Processing and Medical Device Manufacturing, C. Wen, Ed., Elsevier, 2020,

pp. 387–424. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-102965-7.00012-6.

 

E. Thormann, ‘Surface forces between rough and topographically structured interfaces’, Curr. Opin.

Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 27, pp. 18–24, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.cocis.2016.09.011.

 

W. Chrzanowski and F. Dehghani, ‘Standardised chemical analysis and testing of biomaterials’, in

Standardisation in Cell and Tissue Engineering, V. Salih, Ed., Elsevier, 2013, pp. 166–197a. doi:

10.1533/9780857098726.2.166.

 

Q. Xin, ‘Friction and lubrication in diesel engine system design’, in Diesel Engine System Design,

Elsevier, 2013, pp. 651–758. doi: 10.1533/9780857090836.3.651.

 

A. Badarneh, J. J. E. Choi, K. Lyons, J. N. Waddell, and K. C. Li, ‘Wear Behaviour of Monolithic

Zirconia Against Human Enamel – A Literature Review’, Biotribology, vol. 32, p. 100224, Sep. 2022,

doi: 10.1016/j.biotri.2022.100224.

 

S. Gowri et al., ‘Atomic force microscopy technique for corrosion measurement’, in Electrochemical

and Analytical Techniques for Sustainable Corrosion Monitoring, A. Jeenat, C. Verma, and C. M.

Hussain, Eds., Elsevier, 2023, pp. 121–140. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-443-15783-7.00001-3.

 

Q. Liu, Y. Fu, Z. Qin, Y. Wang, S. Zhang, and M. Ran, ‘Progress in the applications of atomic force

microscope (AFM) for mineralogical research’, Micron, vol. 170, p. 103460, Jul. 2023, doi:

10.1016/j.micron.2023.103460.

 

J. A. Ogilvy, ‘A Model for the Ultrasonic Inspection of Rough Defects’, in Non-Destructive Testing,

vol. 1, J. Boogaard and G. M. van Dijk, Eds., Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989, pp. 830–835. doi:

10.1016/B978-0-444-87450-4.50175-2.

 

J. Qu, ‘Thermomechanical Reliability of Microelectronic Packaging’, in Comprehensive Structural

Integrity, vol. 8, I. Milne, R. Ritchie, and B. Karihaloo, Eds., Elsevier, 2003, pp. 219–239. doi:

10.1016/B0-08-043749-4/08040-X.

 

F. Quartinello, G. M. Guebitz, and D. Ribitsch, ‘Surface functionalization of polyester’, in Methods

in Enzymology, vol. 627, N. Bruns and K. Loos, Eds., Academic Press, 2019, pp. 339–360. doi:

10.1016/bs.mie.2019.08.007.

 

A. S. Razali, F. L. Supian, S. Abu Bakar, T. H. Richardson, and N. A. Azahari, ‘The properties of

carbon nanotube on novel calixarene thin film’, Int. J. Nanoelectron. Mater., vol. 8, pp. 39–45, 2015.

 

C. K. D. Lim and F. L. Supian, ‘Calix[4]arene and calix[8]arene Langmuir films: Surface studies,

optical and structural characterizations’, Int. J. Innov. Technol. Explor. Eng., vol. 8, no. 8, 2019.

 

T. Fujimoto, K. Takeda, and T. Nonaka, ‘Airborne Molecular Contamination: Contamination on

Substrates and the Environment in Semiconductors and Other Industries’, in Developments in Surface

Contamination and Cleaning, vol. 1, William Andrew Publishing, 2008, pp. 197–329. doi:

10.1016/B978-0-323-29960-2.00007-1.

 

J. X. J. Zhang and K. Hoshino, ‘Fundamentals of nano/microfabrication and scale effect’, in

Molecular Sensors and Nanodevices, Academic Press, 2018, pp. 43–111. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-

814862-4.00002-8.

 

B. S. Yilbas, A. Al-Sharafi, and H. Ali, ‘Surfaces for Self-Cleaning’, in Self-Cleaning of Surfaces and

Water Droplet Mobility, Elsevier, 2019, pp. 45–98. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-814776-4.00003-3.

 

A. Mishra, N. Bhatt, and A. K. Bajpai, ‘Nanostructured superhydrophobic coatings for solar panel

applications’, in Nanomaterials-Based Coatings: Fundamentals and Applications, Elsevier, 2019, pp.

397–424. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-815884-5.00012-0.

 

A. Boudrioua, M. Chakaroun, and A. Fischer, ‘Organic Light-emitting Diodes’, in An introduction to

organic lasers, ISTE Press - Elsevier, 2017, pp. 49–93.

 

F. L. Supian, D. C. K. Lim, and A. S. Razali, ‘Conductivity comparison of calix[8]arene-MWCNTs

through spin coating technique’, Sains Malays., vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 91–96, Jan. 2017, doi:

10.17576/jsm-2017-4601-12.

 

A. K. Hassan et al., ‘Thin films of calix-4-resorcinarene deposited by spin coating and Langmuir-

Blodgett techniques: determination of film parameters by surface plasmon resonance’, Mater. Sci.

Eng. C, vol. 8–9, pp. 251–255, Dec. 1999.

 

S. Romano et al., ‘Optical Biosensors Based on Photonic Crystals Supporting Bound States in the

Continuum’, Materials, vol. 11, no. 4, p. 526, Mar. 2018, doi: 10.3390/ma11040526.

 

I. Kubicova, J. Skriniarova, D. Pudis, L. Suslik, and M. Vesely, ‘Non-Contact NSOM Lithography

for 2D Photonic Structure Fabrication’, Phys. Procedia, vol. 32, pp. 113–116, 2012, doi:

10.1016/j.phpro.2012.03.527.

 

A. Bakry and S. M. Elmesallamy, ‘Sulfonated polypropylene microparticles from waste as adsorbents

for methylene blue: Kinetic, equilibrium, and thermodynamic studies’, Sep. Sci. Technol., vol. 57, no.

15, pp. 2374–2392, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2064874.

 

N. H. Thang, T. B. Chien, and D. X. Cuong, ‘Polymer-Based Hydrogels Applied in Drug Delivery:

An Overview’, Gels, vol. 9, no. 7, p. 523, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.3390/gels9070523.

 

W. Zhao et al., ‘Sulfonate-grafted conjugated microporous polymers for fast removal of cationic dyes

from water’, Chem. Eng. J., vol. 391, p. 123591, Jul. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.cej.2019.123591.

 

Y. Yan, P. Zhou, S.-X. Zhang, X.-G. Guo, and D.-M. Guo, ‘Effect of substrate curvature on thickness

distribution of polydimethylsiloxane thin film in spin coating process’, Chin. Phys. B, vol. 27, no. 6,

pp. 1–9, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.1088/1674-1056/27/6/068104.

 

Y. Yan, J. Li, Q. Liu, and P. Zhou, ‘Evaporation Effect on Thickness Distribution for Spin-Coated

Films on Rectangular and Circular Substrates’, Coatings, vol. 11, no. 11, pp. 1–16, Oct. 2021, doi:

10.3390/coatings11111322.

 

K. V. Kumar et al., ‘Characterization of the adsorption site energies and heterogeneous surfaces of

porous materials’, J. Mater. Chem. A, vol. 7, no. 17, pp. 10104–10137, 2019, doi:

10.1039/C9TA00287A.

 

X. Ou, X. Liu, W. Liu, W. Rong, J. Li, and Z. Lin, ‘Surface defects enhance the adsorption affinity

and selectivity of Mg(OH) 2 towards As( v ) and Cr( vi ) oxyanions: a

combined theoretical and experimental study’, Environ. Sci. Nano, vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 2570–2578,

2018, doi: 10.1039/C8EN00654G.

 

M. Takayanagi, N. Fujiwara, R. Seki, M. Sato, and Y. Okuno, ‘Amorphous SiO2 Surface Irregularities

and their Influence on Liquid Molecule Adsorption by Molecular Dynamics Analysis’, ECS J. Solid

State Sci. Technol., vol. 12, no. 8, p. 083003, Aug. 2023, doi: 10.1149/2162-8777/acec0e.

 

I. Isakov et al., ‘Quantum Confinement and Thickness‐Dependent Electron Transport in Solution‐

Processed In 2 O 3 Transistors’, Adv. Electron. Mater., vol. 6, no. 11, pp. 1–7, Nov. 2020, doi:

10.1002/aelm.202000682.

 

F. Güzelçimen et al., ‘The effect of thickness on surface structure of rf sputtered TiO2 thin films by

XPS, SEM/EDS, AFM and SAM’, Vacuum, vol. 182, pp. 1–14, Dec. 2020, doi:

10.1016/j.vacuum.2020.109766.

 

A. Aziz, A. N. Afaah, N. A. M. Asib, R. Mohamed, M. Rusop, and Z. Khusaimi, ‘Surface Morphology

Studies on Different Layers of PMMA Spin Coated onto Substrate Prepared by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating

Method’, Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 1109, pp. 608–612, Jun. 2015, doi:

10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1109.608.

 

M. A. Basar, S. Debnath, and A. B. Md Ismail, ‘An experimental study on the effect of film layer and

annealing on morphology by AFM of tin dioxide thin film prepared by spin-coating method’, Mater.

Res. Express, vol. 1, no. 2, p. 026402, May 2014, doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/1/2/026402.

 

T. Kohoutek et al., ‘Surface morphology of spin-coated As–S–Se chalcogenide thin films’, J. Non-

Cryst. Solids, vol. 353, no. 13–15, pp. 1437–1440, May 2007, doi: 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2006.10.068.

 

A. R. Arul, H. B. Ramalingam, R. Balamurugan, and R. Venckatesh, ‘Optically rough TiO2 thin film

surface study by laser speckle photography’, in Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023, pp. 1381–1384.

doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.05.535.

 

A. Beena Unni, R. Winkler, D. M. Duarte, K. Chat, and K. Adrjanowicz, ‘Influence of Surface

Roughness on the Dynamics and Crystallization of Vapor-Deposited Thin Films’, J. Phys. Chem. B,

vol. 126, no. 40, pp. 8072–8079, Oct. 2022, doi: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c04541.

 

K. Kalantari, B. Saleh, and T. J. Webster, ‘Applications of Thin Films in Metallic Implants’, in

Materials for Devices, Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022, pp. 271–304. doi: 10.1201/9781003141358-10.

 

M. Mozetič, ‘Surface Modification to Improve Properties of Materials’, Materials, vol. 12, no. 3, p.

441, Jan. 2019, doi: 10.3390/ma12030441.