Abdullah Jalil & Muhammad Muda. (2009). Pengurusan dana sedekah secara sistematik: Analisa peranan institusi
kerajaan dan swasta. Kongres Ekonomi Islam Ketiga. Shah Alam: UPENA UiTM.
Adam, C. (2014). IUP alumni donate $1.25 million toward new science and math building, The Penn, Online:
http://thepenn.org/2014/02/07/iup-alumni-donate-1-25-million-toward-new-science-and-math-building/. 15
August 2014.
Asmak Ab. Rahman. (2009). Peranan wakaf dalam pembangunan ekonomi umat Islam dan aplikasinya di Malaysia.
Jurnal Syariah 17(1): 113-152.
Barclay, D., Higgins, C. & Thompson, R. (1995). The partial least squares (PLS) approach to causal modeling:
Personal computer adoption and use as an illustration. Technology Studies 2 (2): 285-309.
Bekkers, G.S. (1974). A theory of Social Interactions. Journal of Political Economy, 82: 1063-1093.
Bekkers, R. & Crutzen, O. (2007). Just keep it simple: A field experiment on fundraising letters. International
Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 12(4): 371-378.
Bekkers, R. (2005). Charity begins at home: How socialization experiences influence giving and volunteering.
Paper presented at 34th Annual ARNOVA Conference 18 November 2005, Washington.
Bekkers, R. (2003). Trust, accreditation, and philathrophy in the Netherlands. Nonprofit & voluntary sector
Quaterly 32: 596-615.
Breeze, B. (2010). How donors choose charities: Findings of a study of donor perceptions of the nature and
distribution of charitable benefit. London: Centre for Charitable Giving and Philanthropy.
Bendapudi, N., Singh, S.N. & Bendapudi, V. (1996). Enhancing helping behavior: An integrative framework for
promotion planning. Journal of Marketing 60: 33-50.
Bennett, R. & Kottasz, R. (2000). Emergency fund raising for disaster relief. Disaster Perevention and Management
9: 352-359.
Bonnie, S.G. (1988). The marketing of altruistic causes: Understanding why people help. Journal of Services
Marketing 2(1): 5–16.
Brooker, G. & Klastorin, T.D. (1981). To the victors belong the spoils? College athletics and alumni giving. Social
Science Quaterly 62(4): 744-750.
Brooks, A. C. (2003). Religious faith and charitable giving. Policy Review 121: 39-48.
Brooks, A.C. & Lewis, G.B. (2001). Giving, volunteering and mistrusting government. Journal of Policy Analysis
and Management 20: 765-769.
Brooks, A.C. (2002). Public subsidies and charitable giving: Crowding out, crowding in or both? Journal of Policy
Analysis and Management 19: 451-464.
Compeau, D., Higgins, C.A. & Huff, S. (1999). Social cognitive theory and individual reactions to computing
technology: A longitudinal study. MIS Quarterly: 145-158.
Diamond, W.D. & Kashyap R.K. (1997). Extending models of prosocial behavior to explain university alumni
contributions. Journal of Applied Social Pschology 27: 915-928.
Feldstein, M. & Clotfelter, C.T. (1976). Tax incentives and charitable contributions in the United States. Journal
of Public Economics 5: 1-26.
Fornell C. & Larcker D.F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and
measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research 48: 39-50.
Grant, J.H. & Lindaeur, D.I. (1986). The economic charity life cycle patterns of alumnae contributions. Eastern
Economics Journal 12: 129-141.
Grimes, P.W. (1994). Alumni contributions to academics: The role of intercollegiate sports and NCAA sanctions.
American Journal of Economics and Sociology 53(1): 27-40.
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. & Anderson, R.E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: A global perspectives.
Prentice Hall: New Jersey.
Havens, J. J., O’Herlihy, M. A. & Schervish, P. G. (2006). Charitable giving: How much, by whom, to what, and
how. In W. P. Powell & R. Steinberg (eds.). The non-profit sector: A research handbook (2nd ed.). New Haven:
Yale University Press.
Heckman, R. & Guskey, A. (1998). The relationship between alumni and University: Towards a theory of
discretionary collaborative behavior. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 6(2): 97-112.
Ireland, E., Coutinho, S. & Anderson, T. (2012). Giving to excellence: Generating philanthropic support for UK
Higher Education 2010-11. Ross-CASE Survey, National Center for Social Research 2012.
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia. (2013). Quick facts 2013 Malaysia educational statistics with best compliments.
Putrajaya: Sektor Data Pendidikan, EPRD.
Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia Malaysia. (2013). Perangkaan Pendidikan Negara: Sektor Pengajian Tinggi
2012. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi.
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia. (2007). Pelan strategik pengajian tinggi negara melangkaui tahun 2020.
Putrajaya: Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia.
Kementerian Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia. (2012). Laporan pengesanan graduan KPT 2011. Putrajaya: Kementerian
Pengajian Tinggi.
Kitchen, H. & Dalton, R. (1990). Determinants of charitable donation by families in Canada: A regional analysis.
Applied Economics 22: 285-299.
Leslie, L., Drachman, S.S., Conrad, C.F. & Ramey, G.W. (1983). Factors accounting for variations over time in
voluntary support for colleges and universities. Journal of Education Finance 9: 213-225.
Marr, K.A., Mullin, C.H. dan Siegfried, J.J. (2005). Undergraduate financial aid and subsequent alumni giving
behavior. Quaterly Review of Economics and finance 45: 123-143.
Mohd Rashid, A.H., Zainol, M., Nur Riza, M.S., Fazli, I., Mokhtar, A. & Nordin, J. (2012). Model kecemerlangan
IPT berasaskan nilai teras: Pendekatan pemodelan kuasa dua terkecil separa. Journal of Quality Measurement
and Analysis 8(1): 1-15.
Okunade, A. A. (1999). 2000 and Beyond: Charitable and the social change giving in the new Millenium. Fund
Raising Management 30: 28-31.
Okunade, A.A. (1996). Graduate school alumni donations to academic funds: Microdata Evidence. Journal of
Economics and Sociology 55(2): 213-229.
Okunade, A.A. (1993). Logistic regression and probability of business scholl alumni donations: Microdata
Evidence. Education Economics 1: 243-258.
Olsen, K., Smith, A.L. & Wunnava, P.V. (1989). An empirical study of the life-cycle hypothesis with respect to
alumni donations. American Economist 33(2): 60-63.
Radley, A. & Kennedy, M. (1995). Charitable giving by individuals: A study of attitudes and practice. Human
Relations 48: 685-709.
Sargeant, A., Hilton, T. & Wymer, W. (2006). Bequest motives and barriers to giving. Nonprofit Management and
Leadership 17: 49-66.
Sargeant A., Ford J. & West D.C. (2000). Widening the appealof charity. International Journal of Nonprofit and
Voluntary Sector Marketing 5(4): 318–332
Schlegelmilch, B., Diamantopoulos, A. & Love, A. (1997). Characteristics affecting charitable donations: Empirical
evidence from Britain. Journal of Marketing Practice: Applied Marketing Science 3:14-28.
Sekaran,U. (2003). Research methods for business, a skill-building approach (4th Ed.). New York: John Wiley &
Son Inc.
Sokolowski, S. (1996). Show me the way to the next worthy deed: Towards a microstructural theory of volunteering
and giving. International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations 7: 259-278.
The Lassonde Entrepreneur Institute. (2014). Newsletter April 2014, US: University of Utah, Online: http://
lassondeinstitute.createsend1.com/t/ViewEmail/j/21D2B797205256A4, 15 August 2014.
Tsao, J.C. & Coll, G. (2004). To give or not to give: Factors determining alumni intent to make donations as a PR
outcome. Journalism & Mass Communication Educator 59: 381-392.
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Inisiatif untuk penjanaan dan sumbangan ke tabung endowmen merdeka UTM,
UTM J.02.02/10.12/2 (37), Online, http://web.utm.my/registrar-arc/images/pekelilingutm/pp_utm_2010_036.
pdf. 15 Januari 2014.
Wannuva, P. V., & Lauze, M. A. (2001). Alumni giving at a small liberal arts college: Evidence from consistent and
occasional donors. Economics of Education Review 20: 533–543
William, B., Brown, T. & Onsman, A. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis: A five-step guide for novices. Journal
of Emergency Primary Helath Care (JEPHC) 8(3): 1-13.
Weiser J. (2002). The many faces of philanthropy. Business Week, No. 3813, 23rd December 2002.