Geometry motifs and symmetry characteristics on malay songket vol. 1

Songket is an aesthetics fabric which is showed from the complexity of songket patterns which  encourage the Malay weavers to be more patient, diligent, and creative in  ideas and  furthermore,   becoming  excellent  in  mathematics.  Songket  and mathematics cannot be separated as it is needed  in all the processes as to produce the beautiful results of songket patterns. This research is  about the analysis of Malaysian songket motifs through the technique of transformation or symmetry  operation group patterns with the combination of mathematical concepts which are two-dimensional  plane method which are the frieze patterns groups and wal Ipaper patterns groups and also from  visual art concept through structural designs technique. This research is also based on the  classification of Malaysian songket patterns which are from four main structure of songket which  are badan kain, kepalakain and pengapitkain, kaki kain and tepikain of sarong and kain/epas I  se/endang (shawl), where these are based on their geometric symmetries on the plane. This research  seeks to identify early Malay songket textiles within the context of mathematical pattern groups  and visual arts concepts (structural  designs) in the  twentieth century, which  may have been  influenced or been influenced by, technical development in the production of pattern-woven textiles  from Islamic world.  It constitutes an extremely valuable tool for this research because it enables  researcher to identify the characterization of songket patterns triggered from transformations,  frieze patterns, wall paper patterns and structural designs. The significance of this research is  to be documented and catalogued as useful guidelines for related professions and as database for  future references. It is also to serve as evidence of the existence of geometric and symmetry  patterns on Malaysian songket patterns as a useful contribution to the songket design industry and  finally as examples for other Malaysian arts or crafts in having design ideas in an effective way.