Dasar British di Asia Tenggara dan kesannya terhadap Malaysia 1968-1975

Husin Ahmad Zainudin,

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Artikel ini membincangkan Dasar British di Asia Tenggara dan kesannya terhadap Malaysia 1967-1975. Fokus perbincangan menjurus kepada tiga aspek iaitu perubahan dasar ketenteraan British di Timur Suez, reaksi Malaysia dan kesan perubahan pimpinan Britain terhadap rantau ini khususnya Malaysia. Artikel ini turut menganalisis kesan perkembangan di Asia Tenggara terhadap dasar Britain yang turut memberi impak kepada Malaysia. Pengunduran tentera Amerika Syarikat dari Vietnam Selatan yang dikenali sebagai era Vietnamisasi, memberi kesan yang besar kepada dasar negara anggota The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) di Asia Tenggara. Britain yang merupakan anggota pertubuhan tersebut juga tidak terkecuali daripada perubahan tersebut. Pakatan ketenteraannya dengan Malaysia yang terjalin sejak 19 September 1957 iaitu The Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement (AMDA) mula dinilai semula berikutan perubahan dasar ketenteraan di timur Suez yang diumumkan pada 1969. Ini menimbulkan reaksi daripada negara anggota Komanwel di Asia Tenggara, khususnya Malaysia dan Singapura. Reaksi Malaysia tidak terhad kepada hal ehwal dalam negara tetapi juga melibatkan pertubuhan rantau ini iaitu, The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Perisytiharan Zon Aman Bebas dan Berkecuali (ZOPFAN), merupakan antara langkah persiapan dalam mendepani sebarang ancaman setelah pengunduran tentera Britain daripada wilayahnya. Ini menimbulkan dilema dari segi prinsipnya apabila pada suatu masa Malaysia mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai anggota pertubuhan yang berkecuali iaitu ASEAN, manakala dari sisi lain pula ia menjalinkan hubungan ketenteraan dengan Kuasa Barat.

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