Characterization of nanofibrillated cellulose produced from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers (OPEFB) using ultrasound.

Ramli Rosazley, M.Z Shazana, M.A. Izzati, A.W. Fareezal, I. Rushdan, Z.M.A. Ainun,

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Type :	article
Subject :	Q Science (General)
ISSN :	2232-0032
Main Author :	Ramli Rosazley, M.Z Shazana, M.A. Izzati, A.W. Fareezal, I. Rushdan, Z.M.A. Ainun,
Title :	Characterization of nanofibrillated cellulose produced from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Fibers (OPEFB) using ultrasound.

Place of Production :	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Year of Publication :	2016

Abstract :

Characterization of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using ultrasound has been investigated. Cellulose from OPEFB pulp was gained by soda-anthraquinone (AQ) pulping and bleaching processes. The ultrasound with 20 kHz frequencies and 700 W output power was used in order to produce the NFC. Results were assessed by using fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for structural analysis. The thermal stabilities were analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and crystalline index was measured using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Meanwhile, the morphology structure was carried out by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The diameters of the OPEFB-NFC were obtained between 5 to 23 nm. The FTIR results showed that removal of lignin, hemicelluloses and waxes after bleaching process. The TGA and XRD analysis showed that OPEFB-NFC had higher thermal stability and crystallinity as compared to OPEFB-Pulp and OPEFB-Cellulose. Finally, it is demonstrated that OPEFB-NFC has good potential in vast application especially for reinforced composite materials.

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