Preventing flute playing-related musculoskeletal disorders: applying ergonomic principles in individual and ensemble settings

Concerning levels of playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMD) among flute players have been reported over a number of decades. However, recent research indicates that many flute players do not receive sufficient training in injury prevention during their studies. Identifying risks and preventing injuries is central to occupational, health and safety, yet there is little emphasis on this topic in instructional flute books and methods. Improving the ergonomic set-up of musicians is one way of minimising the risk of playing-related injuries occurring. This article recommends six injury prevention strategies based on ergonomic principles that flute teachers and band directors can apply in individual and ensemble teaching settings.