Meramal pengangguran siswazah berdasarkan faktor demografi, personaliti, kesempurnaan dan kesihatan mental

Hamzah Hazalizah, Abd Latif Nurul Amierah,

Full Text

Kajian ini dijalankan dengan tujuan untuk meramal pengangguran siswazah Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI) berdasarkan faktor demografi, personaliti, kesempurnaan dan kesihatan mental. Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan ke atas 256 orang siswazah UPSI. Responden dipilih menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan dengan syarat telah bergraduat kurang daripada tiga tahun. Data dikutip dengan menggunakan soal selidik atas talian yang mengandungi borang maklumat latar belakang, International Personality Item Pool (IPIP), Hewitt Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (HMPS) dan General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) versi Bahasa Melayu. Hasil analisis regresi logistik mendapati bahawa faktor umur, tahap akademik, dan kesihatan mental mampu meramal dengan baik pengangguran siswazah UPSI. Peningkatan umur dan tahap pencapaian akademik yang lebih tinggi diramal meningkatkan kadar seseorang bagi mendapat pekerjaan. Tahap kesihatan mental yang lemah diramal mengurangkan kemungkinan pengangguran. Dapatan kajian ini antara lain mendedahkan bahawa dimensi personaliti dan kesempurnaan bukanlah faktor yang penting dalam isu pengangguran siswazah di Malaysia. Selain itu, dapatan berkaitan kesihatan mental yang bercanggah dengan andaian awal kajian perlu diteliti semula dengan lebih mendalam.

References

1. Agresti, A. (2014). Categorical data analysis: Third edition. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. 2. Agresti, A. & Finlay, B. (2014). Statistical methods for the social aciences. Upper Saddle River, N.J: PearsonPrentice Hall. 3. Andrews, L. M., Bullock-Yowell, E., Dahlen, E. R., & Nicholson, B. C. (2014). Can perfectionism affect careerdevelopment? Exploring career thoughts and self-efficacy. Journal of Counseling & Development, 92(3), 270-279. 4. Belinda, S., & Edward, H. R. (2006). Adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism in a sample of 34 unemployedpeople: Potential implications for further study, and for policy and equity. Centre of Full Employment and Equity, 234-246. 5. Blau, G., Petrucci, T., & McClendon, J. (2013). Exploring the impact of demographic, personality, and 6. job reattainment variables on unemployment-delayed retirement intent. Journal of Workplace 7. Behavioral Health, 28(1), 13-29 8. Boyce, C. J., & Wood, M. (2015). Personality change following unemployment. Journal ofApplied Psychology,100(4), 991-1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0038647. 9. Boydell, J., Bebbington, P., Bhavsar, V., Kravariti, E., Van Os, J., Murray, RM. & Dutta, R. (2013). Unemployment, ethnicity and psychosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 127, 202-209. 10. Burns, R.P., & Burns, R. (2009). Business research methods and statistics using SPSS. Sage. 11. Chen, V. C.-H., Chou, J.-Y., Lai, T.-J. & Lee, C. T.-C. (2010). Suicide and unemployment rate in Taiwan, a population-based study, 1978-2006. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 45, 447-452. 12. Eriksson, T., Agerbo, E., Mortensen, P. B. & Westergaard- Nielsen, N. (2010). Unemployment and mentaldisorders. International Journal of Mental Health, 39 (2), 56-73. 13. Garcy, A. M. & Vagero, D. (2013). Unemployment and suicide during and after a deep recession: A longitudinalstudy of 3.4 million Swedish men and women. American Journal of Public Health, 1-9. 14. Goldberg, D. (1978). Manual of the General Health Questionnaire. NFER-Nelson: Windsor. 15. Goldberg, L. R. (1998). International Personality Item Pool: a scientific collaboratory for the development of advanced measures of personality and other individual differences. http//ipip.ori.org/ipip/ipip.html [24 Jun 2006]. 16. Hahn, E., Spinath, F. M., & Gottschling, J. (2015). Coping with unemployment: the impact of unemployment duration and personality on trajectories of life satisfaction. Europian Journal of Personality, 3(35). 17. Hazalizah Hamzah. (2011). Hubungan antara personaliti dan kepengikutan dengan prestasi kerja dalam kalangan guru sekolah rendah di Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Tesis Kedoktoran. 18. Hewitt, P. L., & Fleet, G. L. (1990). Perfectionism in the self and social context: conceptualization, assessment and association with psychopathology. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, 456-470. 19. Houssemand, C., & Meyers, R. (2011). Unemployment and mental health in a favorable labormarket. International Journal of Psychology. 46(5), 377-385. 20. Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2015). Perangkaan Tenaga Buruh Malaysia Januari 2015. 25 Mac. Diperoleh daripada http://www.statistics.gov.my pada 13 Disember 2015. 21. Jackson, K. (2006). The general health questionnaire. Occupational Medicine.Doi:10.1093/occmed/kql169. 22.Kementerian Sumber Manusia. (2016). Statistik Pekerjaan dan Perburuhan Siri 9 Bil. 3/2016 (September). 23. Linn, M. W., Sandifier, R., & Stein, S. (1985). Effects of unemployment on mental andphysical health. American Journal of Public Health, 75(5), 502-506. 24. Lo, C. C., & Cheng, T. C. (2014). Race, unemployment rate and chronic mental illness: A 15year trend analysis. Soc Psychiatry Epidemiol. 49, 1119-1128. 25. Nulty, D. D. (2008). The adequacy of response rates to online and paper surveys: What can bedone? Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 33(3), 301-314. 26. Park, H., Choi, B. Y., Nam, S. K., & Lee, S. M. (2011). The role of career stress in therelationship between maladaptive perfectionism and career attitude maturity in SouthKorean undergraduates. Journal of Employment Counseling, 48(1), 27-36. 27. Paul, K. I., & Moser, K. (2009). Unemployment impairs mental health: Meta-analyses. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 74(3), 264-282. 28. Rasmussen, K. A., Slish, M. L., Wingate, L. R. R., Davidson, C. L., & Grant, D. M. M. (2012). Can perceived burdensome explain the relationship between suicide and perfectionism? Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 42(2), 121-128. 29. Vasilev, M R., (2015). Is is wrong to refer to results as “nearly” or “somewhat” significant?. Retrieved from 30. stats.stackexchange.com/questions/172928/is-it-wrong-to-refer-to-results-as-nearly-or-somewhat-significant. 31. Zacher, H. & Bock, A. (2014). Mature age job seekers: The role of proactivity. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(8), 1082-1097. 32. Zacher, H. (2013). Older job seekers’ job intensity: The interplay of proactive personality, age and occupational future time perspective. Ageing and Society, 33(7), 1139-1166. 33. Zulhazli Elias. (2015). Relationship between Perfectionism and Self-Esteem Level among Students of Faculty of Education and Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University. Unpublished Final Year Project.