Adler, B. A., Wink, L. K., Early, M., Shaffer, R., Minshawi, N., McDougle, C. J., &
Erickson, C. A. (2015). Drug-refractory aggression, self-injurious behavior, and
severe tantrums in autism spectrum disorders: a chart review study. Autism,
19(1), 102-106.
Ament, K., Mejia, A., Buhlman, R., Erklin, S., Caffo, B., Mostofsky, S., & Wodka, E.
(2015). Evidence for specificity of motor impairments in catching and balance
in children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(3),
742-751.
American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of
mental disorders. (4th ed.). Washington.
Bayley, N. (1993). Bayley scales of infant development: manual. Psychological
Corporation.
Berkeley, S. L., Zittel, L. L., Pitney, L. V., & Nichols, S. E. (2001). Locomotor and
object control skills of children diagnosed with autism. Adapted Physical
Activity Quarterly, 18(4), 405-416.
Biscaldi, M., Rauh, R., Irion, L., Jung, N. H., Mall, V., Fleischhaker, C., & Klein, C.
(2014). Deficits in motor abilities and developmental fractionation of imitation
performance in high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. European Child &
Adolescent Psychiatry, 23(7), 599-610.
Bo, J., Lee, C. M., Colbert, A., & Shen, B. (2016). Do children with autism spectrum
disorders have motor learning difficulties?. Research in Autism Spectrum
Disorders, 23, 50-62.
Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E., & Lewis, M. H. (2000). Varieties of
repetitive behavior in autism: Comparisons to mental retardation. Journal of
autism and developmental disorders, 30(3), 237-243.
Breslin, C. M., & Rudisill, M. E. (2011). The effect of visual supports on performance
of the TGMD-2 for children with autism spectrum disorder. Adapted Physical
Activity Quarterly, 28(4), 342-353.
Burton, A. W., & Miller, D. E. (1998). Movement skill assessment. Human Kinetics.
Capio, C. M., & Rotor, E. R. (2010). Fundamental movement skills among Filipino
children with Down syndrome. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 8(1), 17-
24.
Chiviacowsky, S., Wulf, G., & Ávila, L. T. G. (2013). An external focus of attention
enhances motor learning in children with intellectual disabilities.Journal of
Intellectual Disability Research, 57(7), 627-634.
Colombo-Dougovito, A., & Block, M. (2016). Make task constraints work for you:
Teaching object-control skills to students with autism spectrum disorder.
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 87(1), 32-37.
Colton, D., & Covert, R. W. (2007). Designing and constructing instruments for social
research and evaluation. John Wiley & Sons.
Ducharme, S. W., Wu, W. F., Lim, K., Porter, J. M., & Geraldo, F. (2015). Standing
long jump performance with an external focus of attention is improved as a
result of a more effective projection angle. The Journal of Strength &
Conditioning Research, 30(1), 276-281.
Folio, M. R., & Fewell, R. R. (2000). Peabody developmental motor scales:
Examiner's manual. Pro-ed.
Fox, L., Benito, N., & Dunlap, G. (2002). Early intervention with families of young
children with autism and behavior problems. Families and positive behaviour
support: Addressing problem behaviour in family contexts. Baltimore, US: Paul
H. Brooks Publishing Co.
Gidley Larson, J. C., & Mostofsky, S. H. (2008). Evidence that the pattern of visuomotor
sequence learning is altered in children with autism. Autism Research, 1(6),
341-353.
Gowen, E., & Hamilton, A. (2013). Motor abilities in autism: a review using a
computational context. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(2),
323-344.
Green, D., Baird, G., Barnett, A. L., Henderson, L., Huber, J., & Henderson, S. E.
(2002). The severity and nature of motor impairment in Asperger's syndrome:
a comparison with specific developmental disorder of motor function. Journal
of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 43(5), 655-668.
Green, D., Charman, T., Pickles, A., Chandler, S., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E., & Baird,
G. (2009). Impairment in movement skills of children with autistic spectrum
disorders. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 51(4), 311-316.
Haibach, P., Reid, G., & Collier, D. (2011). Motor learning and development. Human
Kinetics.
Haq, I., & Le Couteur, A. (2004). Autism spectrum disorder. Medicine, 32(8), 61-63.
Henderson, S. E., & Barnett, A. L. (1992). Movement assessment battery for
children. London: Psychological Corporation., C. L., Zhang, Y., White, M. R.,
Hilton, C. L., Zhang, Y., Whilte, M. R., Klohr, C. L., & Constantino, J. (2012). Motor
impairment in sibling pairs concordant and discordant for autism spectrum
disorders. Autism, 16(4), 430-441.
Jasmin, E., Couture, M., McKinley, P., Reid, G., Fombonne, E., & Gisel, E. (2009).
Sensori-motor and daily living skills of preschool children with autism spectrum
disorders. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 39(2), 231-241.
Klin, A., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Cicchetti, D. V., & Rourke, B. P. (1995).
Asperger syndrome. Guilford Press.
Kurikulum Standard Sekolah Rendah (Masalah Pembelajaran) Pendidikan Jasmani ,
http://www.kssronline.com/p/kssr.html accessed on November 10, 2015
Larson, J. C. G., Bastian, A. J., Donchin, O., Shadmehr, R., & Mostofsky, S. H.
(2008). Acquisition of internal models of motor tasks in children with autism.
Brain, 131(11), 2894-2903.
Leonard, H. C., Bedford, R., Charman, T., Elsabbagh, M., Johnson, M. H., Hill, E. L.
& Holmboe, K. (2014). Motor development in children at risk of autism: a followup
study of infant siblings. Autism, 18(3), 281-291.
Liu, T., & Breslin, C. M. (2013). Fine and gross motor performance of the MABC-2 by
children with autism spectrum disorder and typically developing
children. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(10), 1244-1249.
Logan, S. W., Morera, M., Daly, C. M., Robinson, L. E., Wadsworth, D. D., & Rudisill,
M. E. (2010). The comparison of two motor assessments in elementary school
children. Br J Sports Med, 44, 81-2.
Logan, S. W., Robinson, L. E., Rudisill, M. E., Wadsworth, D. D., & Morera, M.
(2014). The comparison of school-age children's performance on two motor
assessments: the Test of Gross Motor Development and the Movement
Assessment Battery for Children. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,
19(1), 48-59.
Lohse, K. R., Sherwood, D. E., & Healy, A. F. (2014). On the advantage of an
external focus of attention: A benefit to learning or performance?. Human
movement science, 33, 120-134.
Lord, C., Cook, E. H., Leventhal, B. L., & Amaral, D. G. (2013). Autism spectrum
disorders. Autism: The Science of Mental Health, 28, 217.
MacDonald, M., Lord, C., & Ulrich, D. A. (2014). Motor skills and calibrated autism
severity in young children with autism spectrum disorder. Adapted physical
activity quarterly: APAQ, 31(2), 95-105.
Mache, M. A., & Todd, T. A. (2016). Gross motor skills are related to postural
stability and age in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research in Autism
Spectrum Disorders, 23, 179-187.
Manjiviona, J., & Prior, M. (1995). Comparison of Asperger syndrome and highfunctioning
autistic children on a test of motor impairment. Journal of autism
and developmental disorders, 25(1), 23-39
McNeely, S. (2012). Ultimate Book of Sports: The Essential Collection of Rules,
Stats, and Trivia for Over 250 Sports. Chronicle Books.
Memari, A. H., Mirfazeli, F. S., Kordi, R., Shayestehfar, M., Moshayedi, P., &
Mansournia, M. A. (2017). Cognitive and social functioning are connected to
physical activity behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder. Research
in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 33, 21-28.
Miyahara, M., Tsujii, M., Hori, M., Nakanishi, K., Kageyama, H., & Sugiyama, T.
(1997). Brief report: motor incoordination in children with Asperger syndrome
and learning disabilities. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 27(5),
595-603.
Mohd Ziyad Zolkefli, Malaysia Paralympic Athlete with Intellectual Disability who won
Gold Medal in Shot Put F20 event in Rio Paralympic games 2016,
http://www.bernama.com/bernama/v8/newsindex.php?id=1281870 , retrieved
on 20th September 2016.
Mostofsky, S. H., Bunoski, R., Morton, S. M., Goldberg, M. C., & Bastian, A. J.
(2004). Children with autism adapt normally during a catching task requiring
the cerebellum. Neurocase, 10(1), 60-64.
Nicholson, H., Kehle, T. J., Bray, M. A., & Heest, J. V. (2011). The effects of
antecedent physical activity on the academic engagement of children with
autism spectrum disorder. Psychology in the Schools, 48(2), 198-213.
Ozonoff, S., Young, G. S., Goldring, S., Greiss-Hess, L., Herrera, A. M., Steele, J., ...
& Rogers, S. J. (2008). Gross motor development, movement abnormalities,
and early identification of autism. Journal of autism and developmental
disorders, 38(4), 644-656.
Pan, C., Tsai, C., & Chu, C. (2009). Fundamental movement skills in children
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders and attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39(12), 1694-1705.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0813-5
Paquet, A., Olliac, B., Golse, B., & Vaivre-Douret, L. (2015). Current knowledge on
motor disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Child
Neuropsychology, 1-32.
Paralympics Movement, Sports Categories, https://www.paralympic.org/sports,
retrieved on 23rd September 2016
Perreault, M. E., & French, K. E. (2015). External-focus feedback benefits free-throw
learning in children. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 86(4), 422-427.
Petanque Boules for Children, http://www.decathlon.co.uk/8-plastic-petanque-boules
id_8245139.html#anchor_ComponentProductAdvantages , retrieved on
September 21st 2016.
Provost, B., Lopez, B. R., & Heimerl, S. (2007). A comparison of motor delays in
young children: autism spectrum disorder, developmental delay, and
developmental concerns. Journal of autism and developmental disorders,
37(2), 321-328.
Przysucha, E. P., & Maraj, B. K. V. (2010). Movement coordination in ball catching:
Comparison between boys with and without developmental coordination
disorder. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(2), 152-61.
Roid, G. H., & Miller, L. J. (1997). Leiter international performance scale-revised:
Examiners manual. Wood Dale, IL: Stoelting.
Rosenbaum, D. A. (2009). Human motor control. Academic press.
Saemi, E., Porter, J., Wulf, G., Ghotbi–Varzaneh, A., & Bakhtiari, S. (2013). Adopting
an external focus of attention facilitates motor learning in children with attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder. Kineziologija, 45(2), 179-185.
Simons, J., Daly, D., Theodorou, F., Caron, C., Simons, J., & Andoniadou, E. (2008).
Validity and reliability of the TGMD-2 in 7-10-year-old Flemish children with
intellectual disability. Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly, 25(1), 71.
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S., Fisher, B. C., Wahler, R. G., Mcaleavey,
K., & Sabaawi, M. (2006). Mindful parenting decreases aggression,
noncompliance, and self-injury in children with autism. Journal of Emotional
and Behavioral Disorders, 14(3), 169-177.
Spain, D., O'Neill, L., Harwood, L., & Chaplin, E. (2016). Psychological interventions
for adults with ASD: clinical approaches. Advances in Autism, 2(1), 24-30.
Staples, K. L., & Reid, G. (2010). Fundamental movement skills and autism
spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(2),
209-17.
Todd Hodgets, Australian Paralympic Athlete with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
https://www.disabled-world.com/health/neurology/autism/famous-autistic.php ,
retrieved on 22nd September 2016
Todd Hodgets, Australian Paralympic Athlete won London Paralympic 2012 Shot Put
F20 event with gold medals and breaks the world record
https://www.paralympic.org.au/athlete/todd-hodgetts/ , retrieved on 22nd
September 2016
Todd, T. (2012). Teaching motor skills to individuals with autism spectrum disorders.
Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 83(8), 32-37,48.
Ulrich, D. A. (2000). Test of gross motor development-2. Austin: Prod-Ed.
UNICEF (2014), Children With Disabilities in Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, UNICEF
Malaysia.
Valentini, N. C., Pierosan, L., Rudisill, M. E., & Hastie, P. A. (2017). Mastery and
exercise play interventions: motor skill development and verbal recall of
children with and without disabilities. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy,
22(4), 349-363.
Winnick, J. (2011) Adapted Physical Education and Sports : Fifth Edition ,
New York, Human Kinetics Publications.
Whyatt, C. P., & Craig, C. M. (2012). Motor skills in children aged 7–10 years,
diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental
disorders, 42(9), 1799-1809.
Wulf, G., Höß, M., & Prinz, W. (1998). Instructions for motor learning: Differential
effects of internal versus external focus of attention. Journal of motor
behavior, 30(2), 169-179.
Wulf, G., & Lewthwaite, R. (2016). Optimizing performance through intrinsic
motivation and attention for learning: The OPTIMAL theory of motor learning.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 23(5), 1382-1414.
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13423-015-0999-9
Zittel, L. L. (1994). Gross motor assessment of preschool children with special
needs: Instrument selection considerations. Adapted Physical Activity
Quarterly, 11, 245-245.