UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :RJ Pediatrics
Main Author :Mohd Zaidi Hassan@Othman
Title :Intervensi integrasi sensori untuk murid autistik bermasalah tingkah laku di pra sekolah
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
Year of Publication :2019
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan kaedah integrasi sensori sebagai intervensi untuk mengurangkan masalah tingkah laku murid autistik. Objektifkajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti masalah tingkah laku, jenis aktiviti integrasi sensori yang berkesan dan kesan intervensi terhadap tingkah laku murid autistik. Pendekatan kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes telah digunakan dalam kajian ini. Pemilihan responden kajian dijalankan secara persampelan bertujuan melibatkan tiga orang murid autistik dan seorang guru pendidikan khas di sebuah sekolah rendah yang mempunyai kelas prasekolah Program Pendidikan Khas Integrasi Bermasalah Pembelajaran di Butterworth, Pulau Pinang. Tiga jenis instrumen kajian digunakan iaitu senarai semak tingkah laku sensori, protokol temu bual dan laporan sesi intervensi. Data pemerhatian, temu bual dan dokumen rasmi dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan pendekatan Kahn dan Cannell. Dapatan pemerhatian telah menunjukkan empat masalah utama tingkah laku sensori yang dihadapi murid autistik iaitu tidak suka dipegang, sukar mengekalkan tumpuan, tidak dapat bersosial dan tiada hubungan mata ketika bercakap. Dapatan temu bual pula menunjukkan responden dapat bertingkah laku positif selepas enam kali sesi intervensi dijalankan. Seterusnya dapatan dokumen pula telah menunjukkan bahawa aktiviti melompat atas trampoline merupakan aktiviti yang dapat membantu murid autistik bertingkah laku positif. Kesimpulan daripada kajian telah menunjukkan penggunaan kaedah integrasi sensori sebagai intervensi dapat mengurangkan masalah tingkah laku telah membantu murid autistik untuk bertingkah laku positif. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan aktiviti integrasi sensori adalah sesuai diaplikasikan dalam proses pengajaran dan pembelajaran murid autistik bagi menggalakkan murid autistik bertingkah laku positif.

References

Abdul Ghani Abdullah & Abd Rahman Abd. Aziz 2009) Mengurus Tingkah laku Pelajar PTS 

Profesional

 

Addison(2003) A meta-analysis of the effects of Direct Instruction in special education

Education and Treatment of Children. McGraw-Hill Education

 

Ahmad Tarmizi (2011). Kesediaan guru dan keberkesanan pelaksanaan program modifikasi tingkah laku 

pelajar berkeperluan khas sekolah menengah di Kuala Lumpur Masters thesis Universiti Malaya

 

Alexender M. G. F. Dummer, G. M. Smeltzer, A. & Denton,  S. J. (2011).  Developing the social 

ski ills of young adult special olyimpics athletes. Education and Tranning in Autism and 

Developmental Disabilities 46(2), 287-310.

 

Allen-Meares & Fraser 2004 Intervention with children and adolecsents an interdiscipline 

perspective Bostan   Allyn  & Bacon

 

American Psychiatric Association dalam buku Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders  

4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR)  4th Edition(1994)

 

 

American Psychiatric Association (2013)  Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disoders: 

DSM-5 Washintgon DC American Psychiatric Association

 

 

Armstrong (2012) Neurodiversity in the classroom Strength-based strategies to help students with 

special needs succeed in school and life Alexandria Mac Graw Hill Publication   England

 

Arnold Lucas Gesel (1934) Maturation and the Pattering of Behavior A Hanadbook of Children 

Development New York Paul B Hoeber

 

Ayres (1972)   Over-responsivity to Touch and Vestibular Stimuli as a Predictor of Positive   

Response   to   Sensory   Integration   Procedures   by   Autistic Children American Journal of 

Occupational Therapy

 

 

Aznan Che Ahmad Mohd. Zuri Ghani Salizawati Omar dan Zainuddin Md. Isa (2010) Kanak-kanak 

Bermasalah Tingkah Laku Jurnal Pendid[kan Universiti Sains Malaysia Jilid 10 Bi/212010

 

Bailey dan Burch (2002 )Advances in Special Education. Emerald Group Publishing Limited

 

Baumingger N Solomon M Aviezer A Heung K Gazit L Brown (200 ) Ch!ldr n with   

autism   and   their   friend  A   multidimensional   stud   tog   fnendsh10   m 

 

 

Barkley (1998) Attention deficit hyperactivity A Handbook for diagnosis and treatment New 

York:Guilfofd Press.-

 

Bauminger-Zviely, N. (2012). The beginning of friendship - Friendship in pre-schoolers with HFASD: 

New evidence and implication. Toronto: International Meting for Autism Research (IMFAR)

 

Berrueta-Clement JR, Schweinhart LJ, Barnett WS, Epstein AS, Weikart DP. (1984). Adult Outcomes as 

a Function of an Early  Childhood  Educational  Program:  An Abecedarian Project  

Follow-Up.Monographs  of  the  High/Scope  Educational Research  Foundation, Number  Eight. 

Ypsilanti,  MI: The High/Scope  Press.

 

Beth A. Pfeiffer, Kristie Koenig, Moya Kinnealey, , Megan Sheppard, & Lorrie Henderson, 2011), 

Effectiveness of Sensory Integration Interventions in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A 

Pilot Study ,Journal of School Psychology, 44, 3-30.

 

Bhat. N., Landa,R. J & Galloway,J.C. (2011). Current perspectives on motor functioning in infant, 

children, and adult with autism spectrum disoders, Physical Therapy, 91 (7), 1116-1129.

 

Boyd, B. a, Conroy, M.A., Asmus, J. M., McKenney, E. L. W., & Mancil, G. R. (2008).

Descriptive analysis of classroom setting events on the social behaviour of children with autism 

spectrum disoders. Education and Training in Development Disabilities,

 

Bremeer, E. & Llyod, M. (2014). School-based fundamental motor sklill intervention for children 

with autism like characteristics. An exploratory study. Adapted Physical Activity  Quaterly, 

331(1),66-88

 

Brunder,(2006). The Individual Family Sevice Plan,( IFSP),diperolehi daripada 

http://wwwkidneeds.com/diagnostic_categories/articlesindivfamilyservice.

 

 

Butler dan Siliman (2002),. Speaking, reading, and writing in children with language learning 

disabilities. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

 

Case   -Smith    (2010),    Occupational    Therapy   for    Children,   6th   Edition,Elsevier

Mosby,3251 ,Riverport Lane,St. Missouri.

 

Centres for Desease Control and Prevention, (20 15). Autism Spectrum  disorder (ASD), Didapati di 

dalam Iaman web http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/data.html.  Dilayari

pada November 2016

 

Chambliss & Schutt, (2006). Making sense of the social world: Method of investigation.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press.

 

Cheatum, B. A. & Hammond, A. A. (2000). Physical activities for improving childrens

learning and behaviour: A guide to sensory motor development. United State Of

America.

 

Choong, 2008). Falsafah dan pendidikan di Malaysia : untuk program perguruan

pendidikan rendah pengajian 4 tahun . Kuala Lumpur: Kumpulan Budiman Sdn.

Bhd.2008

 

Choong, 2009). Pengurusan bilik darjah dan tingkah laku untuk program ijazah sarjana

muda perguruan Kuala Lumpur: Kumpulan Budiman Sdn.Bhd. , 2009

 

Chua Yan Piaw,2014). Kaedah Penyelidikan. Edisi Kedua. Kuala Lumpur: McGraw Hill

(Malaysia) Sdn. Bhd.

 

Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Kaedah dan Statistik Penyelidikan Asas Statistik Penyelidikan

Buku 2. Edisi Pertama. Kuala Lumpur:Mc-Graw Hill Sdn. Bhd.

 

Chua Yuan Piaw. (2014). Kaedah Penyelidikan Malaysia. McGraw-Hili (Malaysia) Sdn

Bhd.

 

Cook (2009). New work attitude measures of trust, organizational commitment and

personal need non-fulfillment. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 53, 39-52.

 

Cook,Tessier & Klien,1992). Adapting Early Childdood Curricular for Children Special

Needs (m.s. 142), Palo Alto: Vort Corporation.

 

Creswell (1998) Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative. and Mixed Methods

 

Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative and mixed method

approaches (Ed ke-3) Los Anggeles: Sage Publication

 

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating

quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill.

 

Culatta dan Tompkins, 1999). Fundamentals of special education : What every teacher

needs to know. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

 

Dana Nicholls,(2011). Children Autism Treatment and Assessment,Journal of

Autisme.

 

Dawson & Castelloe (2007) Disorder Fourth Edition Text Revision (OSM IV-TR, 2004)

 

DBP,(2013).Kamus Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Edisi ke-5.Kuala Lumpur:Dewan Bahasa

dan Pustaka.

 

Demchak & Alden(1995). Evaluating transdisciplinary teaming for students with

disabilities. Rural Special Education Quarterly, 14(1),24-32.

 

Denzin dan Lincoln (2000),. Handbook of Qualitative Research. Thousand Dah: Sage

Publications, Inc., 2000.

 

Denzin, (200 l) The reflexive interview and a performative social science. Qualitative

Research 1 (1):23-46.

 

Dunn, & Dunn, K. (1978). Teaching Students Through Their Individual Learning Styles: A

Practical Approach. Reston. Virginia: Reston Publishing.

 

Duronjic, M. & Valkova, H. (2010). The influence of early intervention movement

programs onmotor skills development in preshoolers with autism spectrum

disorders( Case studies). Acta Universitatis Palakianae Olomucensis, Gymnica,

40(2),37-45.

 

Edelson (1999 ). Behavioral and physiological effects of deep pressure on children with

autism: a pilot study evaluating the efficacy of Grandins Hug Machine.Journal oj

Occupational Therapy, 53(2):145-52.

 

Ee Ah Meng,(1993).Pedagogi Satu Pendekatan Bersepadu.Kuala Lumpur,Penerbit Fajar

Bakti Sdn Bhd.

 

Falkmer, M., Granlund, M., Nilhom, C. & Falkmer, T. (20 l O). From my perspective

perceived participation in mainstream school in students with autism spectrum

condition. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 15(3), 191-20 l.

 

Farrel (2000).The Special Education Handbook.London:Davd Fulton Publication

Fombonne, E. (2009). Epidemiology oj pervasive development disoders. Pediatric

Research, 65(6),591-598

 

Fraenkel & Wallen (2000), ,. How to design and evaluate research in education. Fifth ed.

New York: McGraw-Hill.

 

Freeman,MacKinnon & Miller 2004:Kirby,Davies & Bryant 2005). Enabling occupation

through facilitating the diagnosis of Developmental Coordination Disorder,

doi:l0.2l82/cjot.07.012. This paper was published in the CJOT Early Electronic

Edition, Fall.

 

Gall & Gall ( 1998), (4th ed.). Applying Educational Research (4th ed.). New York:

Longman,

 

Garguilo,& Kilgo,2005; Hallahan & KauJJman,2006). Young Children with Special

Needs,Edisi ke-2,United State: Thomson Delmar Learning.

 

Gay, & Airasian, (2003). Educational research: Competencies Jor analysis and

application (ih ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.

 

Greenspan (1997) Developmental Patterns and Outcomes in Infants and Children with

Disorders in Relating and Communicating: A Chart Review of 200 Cases of

Children with Autistic Spectrum Diagnoses, The Journal oj Developmental and

Learning Disorders Volume 1, 1997, Number 1

 

Gutman, S. A. & Raphael-Greenfield, E. I., Neal, c., Rachel, F. & Amanda.(2012). Enhancin? social ??kills in adolcents with high functioning autism using motor based

role play intervention The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, I (1),1-22.

 

Hall, B.W., Ward, A.W., & Comer (1988). Published Educational Research: An empirical

study of its quality. Journal ofEducational Research, 81, 182-189.

 

Hallahan & Kauffman (2006),Exceptional Leaner:An Introduction toSpecial

Education(m.s.142) Ed.ke It), USA; Pearson Education,lnc.

 

Hallahan & Kauffinan,2006; Kuder 2003 ),Teaching Student with Language and

Communication Disabilities,Ed.ke02,Needham Height,Massachusets:Allyn & Bacon

 

Haney, M.R.(2003). Understanding children witg autism spectrum disorders: Educators

partnering with families. United State of America. Sage Publication.

 

Hanson & Lynch, 2001 ), Understanding Families Supportive Approaches to Diversity,

Disability, and Risk Second Edition, Brookes Publishing

www.brookespublishing.com ,All rights reserved

 

Harris, A. & Goodall, J. (2008). Do parents know they matter? Engaging all parents in

learning. Educational Research, 50(3), 277-289.

 

Hasnah Toran (2010), Tahap Latihan, Pengetahuan dan Keyakinan Guru-guru Pendidikan

Khas tentang Autisme, Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia 35(1).

 

Henly (2006), Classroom Management: A Proactive Approach, 2nd Edition.Pearson

Publication. USA

 

Jackman, & Stagnitti, K. (2007). Fine motor difficulties: theneed for advocating for the role

of occupational therapy inschools. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal,

54(3),168-173

 

Jackson(,2002) Applying universal design for learning in the classroom. In D. H. Rose &

A. Meyer (Eds.), A practical reader in universal design for learning (pp 1-13).

Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.

 

Jamila K (2005).Pendidikan Khas Untuk Kanak-kanak Istimewa. Kuala Lumpur : PTS

Professional Publishing Sdn.Bhd. Kamus Dewan (1990). Kuala Lumpur:

 

K.A Raziyah.(2008).Apa itu Autisme, PTS Professional Publishing Sdn.Bhd.

 

Kaiser, F. G. (2003). A general measure of ecological behavior. Journal ofApplied Social

Psychology, 28, 395-422.

 

Kamarudin Husin, 2010). Psikologi Pembelajaraan, Kuala Lumpur: Utusan. P.ublication

Sdn. Bhd. Khas. Prosiding Seminar Antarabangsa Perguruan dan Pendidikan Islam

UTM

 

Kamsani Kasim,(l992). Psikiatri Kanak-kanak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka

 

Karnes dan Lee (1978), Early intervention for children with special needs and their

families: findings and recommmendations. westar series paper no. 11. seattle, -wa:

university of washington, 1981. ed 207 278

 

Kasari, C, Rotheram-Fuller, E., Locke, J & Gulsrud,.A (2011). Making the connection:

Randomized controlled trial of social skills at school for the children with autism

spectrum disoders. Journal ofchildren Psychology an Psychiatric, 53(4),431-439.

 

Kasari, C., Locke, J., Gulsrud, A & Rotheram-Fuller, E; (2011). Social networks and

friendships at school: comparing children with autism and without ASO. Journal of

Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41(5), 533-544.

 

Kasmini Kassim, 1992). Psikiatri Kanak-Kanak. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan

Pustaka.

 

Kate Wall,2004) ._Autism and Early Years Practice, Handwriting Program improved

children s writing legibility: A pretest-posttest study. American Journal of

Occupational Therapy.

 

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia.(2014). Clinical Practise Guildeline: Management of

Autism Spectrum Disoders in Children an Adolescents. Putrajaya: Kementerian

Kesihatan Malaysia.

 

Kementerian Pembangunan Wanita dan Masyarakat melalui Jabatan Kebajkan

Masyarakat(Akta Orang Kurang Upaya 2008

 

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (2011). Pelan Stategik 2011-2015

 

Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (20 11). Pelan Stategik 2011-2015

 

Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia. (2012). Laporan Awal Pelan Pembangunan

Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Putrajaya: Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia.

 

Kern (2000),Sensory Correlations in Autisme, II (2), 123-134,Sage Publication

Kidder (l981),An introduction to sampling. Research Methods in Social Relations (4th

ed.). New York: Holt, Rinehart, & Winston.

 

Killen, M & Coplan, R. J. (2011). Social development in childhood and adolscenece: a

contemporary reader. New York, NY: Willey

 

Kirk (2011). Parents  Perspectives on Inclusion and Schooling of Students w??th Angel??an

Syndrome: Suggestions for Educators. International Journal of Special Educatton

Vo126, no: 2, 2011.

 

Kogan,M. D, Sokol, D.K., Erickson, C., Ray, B.,Chang Y. Ho & Maloney,B. (2009).

Prevalence of parent-reported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children

in the US ,2007. Pediatric,124(5),1395-1403

 

Koul (1984), Methodology ofEducational Research .Delhi: Hindustan Offset Printer.

 

Lawson, (2000). Advanced Sociology Through Diagrams. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

 

Lenner, 1992). Dialectics, developmental contextualism, and the further enhancement of

theory about puberty and psychosocial development. Journal ofEarly Adolescence,

12, 366-388.

 

Leong,Han Ming,Stephenson,Jennifer,Carter(20 11 ).Mark International Journal of

disability.Development and Education

 

Liew Ping Yee dan Manisah Mohd Ali dari Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (2008)

Lim (2007), Establishing school-based collaborative teams to coordinate resources: A case

study. Social Work in Education: National Association of Social Workers, 19, 266-

278.

 

Lord (2005).Challenges in evaluating psychosocial interventions for autistic spectrum

disorders. Journal ofAutism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 695-708.

 

Lynn Plimley & Maggie Bowen,(2006). Supporting Pupils with Autistic Spectrum

Disorders, Sage Publication.

 

M. Gargiulo & Jennifer L. Kilgo, (2000). An Introduction to Young Children with Special

Needs: Birth Through Age Eight, 4th Edition, Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co

 

Mackenzie Lee,(2013),Sensory Integration: Helping Students with Autism Incorporate

Sensory Integration Techniques , Fisher Digital Publications at St. John Fisher

College.

 

Mahfuzah Zainol.(2014). Intervensi Terapi Carakerja dalam kemahiran motor murid

masalah koordinasi. Tesis Postgrad Sarjana. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Majnemer,1998). Benefits of early intervention for children with developmental

disabilities. Sem Pediatr Neurol 5: 62-69

 

Merchant (1997) A review of the l iterature on self-advocacy components in transition

programs for students with learning disabilities. Journal of Vocational

Rehabilitation, 8, 223-231.

 

Mohd Zuri Ghani dan Aznan Che Ahmad (20 II ),Pendidikan Kanak-Kanak Berkeperluan

Khas,Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris,Tanjung Malim,Perak.

 

Mok Soon Sang (2002),Psikologi Pendidikan untuk Kursus Diploma Perguruan,Kuala

Lumpur,Percetakan Sentosa Sdn Bhd.

 

Mok, 2009).Ilmu Pendidikan untuk KPLI ( Kursus Perguruan Lepasan .ljazah)Subang

Jaya,Kumpulan Budiman Sdn Bhd.

 

Molly,(2007),Early Intervension in Reading:From Reasearch to Pratice: Austin: Vo129.

 

Norfishah(2015),Rahsia dan Keunikan Personaliti Kanak-Kanak Autistik Di

Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia Press

 

Othman Lebar. (2014). Penyelidikan kualitatif: Pengenalan kepada teori dan metode,

Tanjung Malin, Perak, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Owen-DeSchryver, J, S., Carr, E. G., Cale., S. I. & Blakeley-Smith, A. (2008). Promoting

social interaction between students with autism spectrum disorders and their peers in

inclusive school settings. Focus on autism and other Devel!opmental

Disabilities,23(l), 15-28

 

Parham (2007),Fidelity in Sensory Integration Intevention Reasearch in American Journal

ofOccupational Therapy, 61,216-217.

 

Pelphray, K. A., sasson, N. J., Reznick.,J. S., Paul, G., Goldman,B. D., & Piven, J. (2009).

Visual scanning offace in autism. Journal of autism and Developmental disoders,

32(4), 249-261.

 

Pfeiffer, B. A., Koeing, K., Kinnealy, M., Sheppard, M. & Henderson,.L. (20 II).

Effectiveness of sensory integration intervention in children with autism spectrum

disorders: A pilot study. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(1), 76-85.

 

Piaget,J ( 2009),Construction of reality in the child London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.

 

Powers, (2004). Twenty-five years after Larry P.: The California response to

overrepresentation of African Americans in special education. California School

Psychologist, 9, 145-158.

 

Radziewicz & Antonellis (1993),Consideration and Implication of the Habilitation of

Hearing Impaired Children: Language and Communication Disoder in

Children.Edisi Ke-3.New York: Maxwell Macmillan International.

 

Ragbir Kaur Joginder Singh. (2010). Panduan ilmu pendidikan komprehensifuntuk KPLI

(Sekolah Rendah). Selangor: Kumpulan Budiman Sdn Bhd.

 

Razhiyah,(2008 ).Mengapa Kanak-kanak Sukar Belajar.Pahang: PTS Profesional Sdn

Bhd.

 

Reber, 1985).). Syntactical learning and judgment: Still unconscious and still

abstract. Journal ofExperimental Psychology: General Press Inc.

 

Reed,2001). A Cognitive Career Course: From Theory to Practice, The Career

Development Quarterly, 50, 158-167. The Center for the Study of Technology in

Counseling and Career Development Dunlap Success Center 100 S. Woodward Ave.

The Florida State University.

 

Richard M. Gargiulo & Jennifer L. Kilgo, 2000). Young children with special needs.

Clifton Park, NY : ThomsonlDelmar Learning, 2004

 

Robiah, l 998),Perkembangan Kanak-kanak.Serdang UPM.

 

Roger A. Stewart (2007). The effect of fine motor skill activities on kindergarten student

attention. Early Childhood Education Journal, 35(2), 103-109.

 

Roley, Roseann C. Schaaf, Teal Benevides, Zoe Mailloux, Patricia Faller, Joanne

Hunt, Elke van Hooydonk, Regina Freeman,Benjamin Leiby, Jocelyn

Sendecki, and Donna Kelly 2007). An Intervention for Sensory Difficulties in

Children with Autism: A Randomized Trial, Journal Autism Dev Disord. 2014;

44(7): 1493-1506.

 

Saadah Sumrah, Salwan Sudirman dan Roslee Ahmad (2008) ,Kaedah Menangani KanakKanak

Bermasalah Tingkahlaku, Fakulti Pendidikan ,Universiti Teknologi

Malaysia,Skudai,Johor.

 

Sakinah Idris,Nor Azizah Nurdin dan Muhammad Hibatullah Romli (2014), Anak

Autisme, Univision Press Sdn Bhd,Selangor Darul Ehsan.

 

Salvia dan Ysseldyke (2004 ) Assesment In Special and Inclusive Education ( Ninth

Edition) Boston: Houghton Miffin Company.

 

Schaaf,R.C and Miller(2005), Including Children with Special Needs. A Handbook fo

Educators and Parent. United State: Greenwood Publication Inc.

 

Schwarz, T. & Luckenbill,.J. (2012). Exploring sensory and art activities with infants and

toddlers. Young Children. 67(4),26-34

 

Shahabuddin Hashim, Mahani Razali dan Ramlah Jantan (2003),Jenis-jenis pemikiran

Psikologi Pendidikan (hlm I01-114),Selangor: Nightingle Printing Sdn Bhd.

 

Scheeren, A.M.. , Koot, H. M. Peter c., Mundy. P. C.(20 13). Empathic respomsevensess of

children and adolecents with high functioning autism spectrum disorders. Autism

Research 6(5), 362-371.

 

Sigel s (l972).1he distancing hypothesis revisited: An elaboration ofa neoPiagetian view

of the development of representational thought. In M E. Meyer (Ed.), Cognitive

learning. Bellingham. Washington: Western Washington State College Press.

 

Skinner(l953), Science and Human Behavior.Yue Free Press New York,

 

Strock,M (2004)Autisme spectrum disorders (pervasive devel?pment

disorders), http:www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/autism.cfm ( dicapai pada 18 Julai 2016)

 

Strogilos et al 2011). Experiences among beginning special education teachers in gene??al

education settings: the influence of school culture.European Journal of Special

Education, Vol 27,2012-Issue 2.

 

Suryana, 2004). Terapi Autisme. Progress: Jakarta.

 

Sutadi (2002 ) Autisme Pemahaman Baru Untuk Hidup Bermakna Bagi Orang/Ila.

Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu.

 

Tan, T. B. & Loh , S. C. (2007). Program intervensi kemahiran membaling bola terhadap

pelajar autism sekolah menengah: Satu kajian kes. Jurnal Pendidikan, 27(1), 291-

234.

 

Tanta, K. J., Deitz., White, O, & Bilingsey, F. (2005). The effect of peer-play level on

initiations and responses of preschool children with delayed play skills. American

Journal ofOccupational Therapy, 59(4), 437-445.

 

Taylor, Beck dan Ainsworth (200 1): A psychological study ofthe strange situation. Oxford:

Erlbaum.

 

The American Occupational Therapy Association. (2009). Occupational Therapy and the

school mental health. The American Occupational Therapy Association.

 

U.S. Department of Education,2004). The Condition of Education 2004, u.s. Department

ofEducation Institute ofEducation Sciences NCES 2004-077

 

Ucci, M.(2006). Playdough: 50 years old and still gooey, fun and educational. Child Health

Alert,24,5

 

Vrinda Murphy(2009),Ejfects ofsensory integration on motor development in K-3 students

with autism, San Jose State University.

 

Walker,(2009 Handbook of Applied Learning Theory and Design in Modern Education.

In Advances in Information Resources Management Book Series, edited by Railean,

E., Walker, G., Jackson, L., & Elci, A. . Hershey, Pennsylvania: IGI Global

Publisher,

 

Wetherby, A. M., Wood, J., allen, L., Cleary, J., Dickson, H. & Lord, C .(2004). Early

indicators of autism spectrum disorders in the school in the second year of life.

Journal ofAutism and Developmental Disorders, 34(5), 473-493.

 

Whalen, (2002). How occupational therapy make a difference in the school system: A

summary ofthe literature. Occupational Therapy Now, 4 (3), 15-18.

 

Whitaker,200I). Challenging Behaviour and Autism.The National Autistic Society, Printed

in Great Britian by Stephen [Austin and Son.

 

Wicks-Nelson, R., & Israel, (2006). Behavior Disorders of Childhood. 6th ed.Upper Saddle

River, NJ: Prentice Hall.

 

Wiersma & Jurs 2005). Research Methods in Education: An Introduction (9th

Edition) .Pearson Publication.

 

Wiliiam & Shellenberger,1996). How does your engine run?" ® A leader s guide to the

alert program/or self-regulation. Albuquerque, NM: TherapyWorks, Inc.

 

William, H. Sewell, 1992. A Theory of Structure: Duality, Agency, and Transformation

American Journal ofSociology.vcn. 98, No.1 (Jui., 1992), pp. 1-29

 

Yanhui. (2010). Lego games help young children with autism develop social skliis.

International Journal o/Education, 2(2),1-9.

 

Yasmin Hussain. (2003). Terapi dalam Pendidikan khas . Selangor: Pekan Ilmu

Publications.

 

Yin (1994). Case study research: Design and methods (2nd ed.). Newbury Park, CA: Sage

Publications.

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.