UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About
Menu Icon

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :RC Internal medicine
Main Author :Wilson@Vincent Peter Pramo
Title :Kesan adventure based counselling terhadap peningkatan efikasi kendiri dan resilien dalam kalangan pelatih program latihan khidmat negara
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Pembangunan Manusia
Year of Publication :2018
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kajian  kuasi  eksperimen  ini  bertujuan  untuk  menguji  kesan Adventure  Based Counseling (ABC) terhadap efikasi kendiri dan resilien dalam kalangan pelatih kem Program Latihan  Khidmat Negara (PLKN). Seramai 60 orang pelatih di dua buah kem PLKN di dalam negeri Selangor yang  terdiri daripada lelaki dan perempuan serta tiga kaum utama di Malaysia iaitu Melayu/Bumiputra,  Cina dan India yang mempunyai skor rendah dalam Skala Efikasi Kendiri dan Skala Resilien dikenal  pasti sebagai subjek kajian. Subjek dibahagikan kepada dua kumpulan, iaitu kumpulan rawatan dan  kumpulan kawalan seramai 30 orang terdiri daripada 15 orang lelaki dan 15 orang perempuan bagi  setiap kumpulan. Subjek kumpulan rawatan mengikuti intervensi ABC dengan elemen cabaran tahap  rendah (Low Element Challenge Course) dan diproses dengan kaunseling kelompok. Manakala kumpulan  kawalan pula mengikuti latihan konvensional di kem PLKN seperti biasa. Alat ujian Skala Efikasi  Kendiri dan Resilien ditadbir bagi mendapatkan data pra-ujian dan pos-ujian. Data dianalisis  menggunakan Perbandingan Min, Ujian t Berpasangan, ANCOVA dan Pos-Hoc pada aras nilai signifikan  0.05. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa rawatan dengan modul ABC berkesan dalam meningkatkan efikasi  kendiri dan resilien dalam kalangan subjek kajian. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati rawatan modul ABC  dapat meningkatkan efikasi kendiri berdasarkan jantina dan kaum. Kesimpulannya kajian mendapati  bahawa faktor jantina dan kaum tidak mempengaruhi kesan rawatan. Kajian ini memberi implikasi  bahawa modul ABC boleh dijadikan sebagai salah satu strategi latihan untuk pelatih di kem Program Latihan Khidmat Negara.  

References

 

Abdul Ghani Sulaiman. (2009). Hala Tuju Kaunseling. Tanjung Malim: Universiti

Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Abu Bakar Nordin. (1986). Asas Penilaian Pendidikan. Siri Maktab Perguruan. Petaling Jaya: Longman 

Malaysia Sdn. Bhd.

 

Anastasi, A. (1982).  Psychological Testing. Ed. Ke-5. New York: Me Milan Publishing Co. Inc.

 

Anderson N.T. (2014). Adventure Programs’ Effect on Self-Efficacy of Business Students.

Tesis PhD, University Idaho, Diterbitkan oleh Proquest.

 

Alvarez, A. G., & Stauffer, G. A. (2001). Musings on Adventure Therapy. Journal of Experiential 

Education, 24(2), 85-91.

 

Alexander, N. M. & Carlson, T. B. (1999). Adventure Based Learning In The name Of Peace. Peter 

Lang, New York.

 

Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Eaglewoodcliffs, Nj: Prentice Hall. Bandura, A. (1977). 

Self-Effifacy: Toward a Unifiying Theory Of Behavioral

Change.Psychological Review, Vol. 84, N0. 2, 191-215.

 

Bandura, A. (1978). The Self System in Reciprocal Determinism. American Psychologist Association,   

  Inc. 344 – 359.

 

Bandura, A. (1982a). Self Efficacy Mechanism In Human Agency. American, Psychologist, 37 (2), 

122-147.

 

Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundation of Thought and Action. A Social Cognitive Theory. 

Eaglewoodcliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

 

Bandura, A. & Cervone, D. (1983). Self-Evaluative and Self-Efficacy Mechanisms Governing the 

Motivational Effects of Goal Systems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45 (5), 

1017-1028.

 

Bandura, A. & Schunk, Dale H. (1981). Cultivating Competence, Self-Efficacy, and Intrinsic Interest 

Through Proximal Self-Motivation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 41 (3), 586-598.

 

Bandura, A., Barbaranelli., Claudio., Caprara, Vittorio, G. & Concetta, P. (1999).

Self-Efficacy  Pathways  to  Childhood  Depression.  Journal  of  Personality  and

Social Psychology, 76 (2), 258-269.

 

 

Bandura, A. (1986). Self Efficacy, The Exercise of Control. Eaglewoodscliffs, NJ:

Prentice Hall.

 

Bandura, A. (1989). Social Cognitive Theory. In R. Vasta (Ed), Annals of Child

Development. Vol 6. Six Theories of Child Development (pp. 1-60). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

 

Bandura, A. (1993). Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning.

Educational Psychologist, 28(2), 117 – 148.

 

Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

 

Bandura, A. (2005). Guide For Constructing Self-Efficacy Scales Self-Efficacy Beliefs of 

Adolescents. Information Age Publishing, 307-337.

 

Benderi Dasril, Jaffry Zakaria, Md Amin Md Taff & Mazuki Mohd Yasim. (2012).

Manual Latihan Tali. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Beightol, J. Jevertson, J. Carter, S. Gray, S. & Gass, M. 2012. Adventure Education and Resilience  

Enhancement.  Journal  Of  Experential  Education.  Vol  35,  Issue  2, 2012. Sage Publication.

 

Betz, N., & Hackett, G. (1981). The Relationship of Career-Related Self-Efficacy Expectations to 

Perceived Career Options in College Women and Men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 399-410.

 

Blanchette, A. W. (2010). The Clinical Theory and Practice of Outdoor Behavioral Healthcare. PhD 

Dissertation, Regent University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Bogdan, R.C. & Biklen, S.K. (1992). Qualititative Research for Education: An Introduction to Theory 

Methods. 2nd Ed. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, Inc.

 

Bunting, C. (1990). Interdependency: A Key in Environmental and Adventure Education.

In J. Miles, & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure education (pp. 453-458). State College, PA: Venture 

Publishing.

 

Cale, C. (2010). A Case Study Examining The Iimpact of Adventure Based Counseling on High School 

Adolescent Self-Esteem, Empathy, and Racism (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations and 

Theses database (UMI No. 3425622).

 

Chua Yan Piaw. (2006). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Mc Graw Hill. Cohen, J. W. 

(1988). Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences. Second

Ed. Hillsdale, New Jersey: Laurence Earlbaum Associates.

 

 

Cohen, L. & Manion, L. (1980). Research Method in Education. London: Croom Helm

Ltd.

 

Coleman, J. C. (2011). Nature of Adolescence (4th ed.). New York, NY: Psychology

Press.Cordle, J. (2015). The Effects of Utilizing High Element Ropes Courses as a Treatment 

Intervention on Self-Efficacy. Master of Science Thesis, Clemson University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Cicchetti, D. and Rogosch, F.A. 1997. The Role of Self-Organisation in The Promotion of Resilience 

in Maltreated Children. Developmental Psychopathology, 9: 797-815.

 

Cresswell & Plano Clark. (20017). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research.

Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

 

Cresswell, J.W. (2008). Educational Research Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Qualitative and 

Quantitative Research. Edisi ke-2. Upper Saddle, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

 

Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1979). Intrinsic Rewards and Emergent Motivation. In M. R. Lepper  &  D.  

Greene  (Eds.),  The  hidden  costs  of  reward  (pp.  205-216). Morristown, NJ: Erlbaum.

 

David D. Christian, (2013). The Impact Of ABC On Adaptive Functioning In High School Males. PHD 

Dissertation, University Of North Texas, Published By Proquest.

 

Davis-Berman, J., & Berman, D. (1999). The Use of Adventure-Based Programs with At- Risk Youth. In 

J. Miles & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure Programming (pp. 365-371). State College, PA: Venture 

Publishing.

 

Davids, Anees. (2011). The Relationship Between Work Engagement, Self-Efficacy

and Optimism Among Call Centre Agents. Master of Commerce Thesis, University of The Western Cape, 

National ETD Portal.

South

 

D’ Eloia, G. M. (2006). Adventure Therapy To Promote Resilience Among Adolescent Foster Youth. 

Master Of Social Work Thesis, University Of Utah, Published by ProQuest.

 

Denise, M.(2005). SEER Closing Address. The Journal of Experential Education, 27: 3. 347-350.

 

Ewert, A. W. (1989). Outdoor Adventure Pursuits: Foundations, Models, and Theories.

Columbus, OH: Publishing Horizons.

 

Ewert, A. & Yoshino, A. (2011). The Influence Of Short-Term Adventure Based Experiences  On  Levels 

 Of  Resilience.  Journal  Of  Adventure  Education  and

Outdoor Learning, 1:1, 35-50.

 

 

Erozkan. A. (2013). The Effect of Communication Skills and Interpersonal Problem

Solving Skills on Social Self-Efficacy. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice - 13(2) • Spring • 

739-745 ©2013 Educational Consultancy and Research Center www.edam.com.tr/estp Mugla Sitki Kocman 

University.

 

Frank, D. (2009). Reducing Stress in Adolescent Girls through Outdoor Experential Education. Master 

of Art Thesis, Prescott College, Published by ProQuest.

 

Fletcher, T. B. & Hinkle J. S. (2002). Adventure Based Counseling: An Innovation In Counseling. 

Jurnal Of Counseling & Development, Vol 80.

 

Furie, J. (2011). Adventure Based Counseling As An Intervention For Bullying. PhD Dissertation, 

Alliant International University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Fletcher, T. B. & Meyer, B. B. (2009). Cohesion anfd Trauma: An Examination of a Collegiate   

Women’s   Volleyball   Team.   Jurnal   Of   Humanistic   Counseling, Education And Development 

Vol. 48, American Counseling Association.

 

Friedman. A. Isaac. (2003). Self-Efficacy and Burnout in Teaching: The importance of 

Interpersonal-Relations Efficacy. Social Psychology of Education 6: 191–215, 2003. © 2003 Kluwer 

Academic Publishers.

 

Galloway, S., & Goldenberg, M. (2004). Inquiry at The Crossroads: A Facilitated Discussion 

Regarding Research Needs in Experiential Education. Journal of Experiential Education, 26(3), 

222-224.

 

Gass, M. A. (1995). Book of Metaphors: Volume II. Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

 

Gass, M. A., Gillis, H. L., & Russell, K. C. (2012) Adventure Therapy: Theory, Research, and 

Practice. New York, NY: Routledge.

 

Gass, M. A. (1993). Adventure Therapy: Applications of Adventure Programming.

Dubuque, IA: Kendall/Hunt.

 

Gass, M.A. (1993). Adventure Therapy: Therapeutic Applications of Adventure Programming. Dubuque, 

Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

 

Gass, M. A., & Gillis, H. L. (1995a). Changes: An Assessment Model Using Adventure Experiences. 

Journal of Experiential Education, 18(1), 34-40.

 

Gass, M. A., & Gillis, H. L. (1995b). Focusing on The “Solution” Rather Than The “Problem”: 

Empowering Client Change in Adventure Experiences. Journal of

Experiential Education, 18(2), 63-69.

 

 

Gay, L.R. (1992). Educational Research Competencies for Analysis & Aplpication. New

York: Mc Millan Pub.Co.

 

Gersick, C. (1989). Making Time: Predictable Transitions in Task Groups. Academy of Management 

Journal, 32: 274-310.

 

Gersick, C., & Hackman, J. R. (1990). Habitual Routines in Task-Performing Groups.

Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 47: 65-98.

 

Gibson, P. M. (1979). Therapeutic Aspects Of Wilderness Programs: A Comprehensive Literature 

Review. Therapeutic Recreation Journal, 13, 21-33.

 

Gillis, H. L. & Simpson, C. A. (1991). Project Choices: Adventure-Based Residential Drug Treatment 

for Court-Referred Youth. Journal of Addictions and Offender Counseling, 12(1), 12-27.

 

Gillis, H. L., & Speelman, E. (2008). Are Challenge (Ropes) Courses an Effective Tool: A 

Meta-Analysis. Journal of Experiential Education, 31(2), 111-135.

 

Glass, J. S., & Myers, J. E. (2001). Combining The Old and The New to Help Adolescents: Individual 

Psychology and Adventure-Based Counseling. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 23(2), 104-114.

 

Glass, J. S., & Benshoff, J. M. (2002). Facilitating Group Cohesion Among Adolescents Through 

Challenge Course Experiences. Journal of Experiential Education, 25, 268-277.

 

Glass, J. S. & Schoffner, M.F. (2001). Adventure Based Counseling In Schools. ASCA, Professional 

School Counseling.

 

Glass, J. S. (2009). Adventure Based Counselling & Invitational Theory. Journal of Mental Health 

Counseling.

 

Glaser, J., & Shoffner, M. F. (2001). Adventure-Based Counseling in Schools.

Professional School Counseling, 5(1), 42-48.

 

Gregg, C. (2007). Risk and Safety In Adventure Programming. In D. Prouty, J.  Panicucci, & R. 

Collinson (Eds.), Adventure education: Theory and applications (pp. 49-60). Champaign, IL: Human 

Kinetics.

 

Gribbons, Barry & Herman, Joan. (1997). True and quasi-experimental designs. Practical assessment, 

Research & Evaluation, 5 (14). Statistical Applications for Behavioral

Sciences. New York: John Wiley & Sons. Inc.

 

 

Gruring, C. (2007). The Role of Adventure Therapy in the Comprehensive Treatment

of Adolescents who Committed Sexual Abuse:  A Case Study. Master  of Arts Thesis, Prescott College, 

Published by ProQuest.

 

Himmel, Jorie Pollack. (2015). The Understanding and Promotion of Resilience in College   Students. 

  PhD   Theses,   Antioch   University.   Proquest   Dissertation Publishing, 2015.3738667.

 

Hattie, J. Marsh, J. W., Neill, J. T., & Richards, G. E. (1997). Adventure Education and Outward  

Bound:  Out-of-Class  Experiences  That  Make  a  Lasting  Difference. Review of Educational 

Research, 67(1), 43-87.

 

Hartshorn, C.M. (2013). Evaluation of Counselor’s Pre/Postgraduate Training in Adventure Based 

Counseling. PhD Dissertation, Regent University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Harper N. J. (2010). Future Paradigm or False Idol: A Cautionary Tale of Evidence- Based Practice 

for Adventure Education and Therapy. Journal of Experential Education, 33: 1. 38-55.

 

Harris. P. M., Mealy. L., Matthews. H., Lucas. R. & Moczygemba. M. (1993). A Wilderness Challenge 

Program As Correctional Treatment. Journal Of Offender Rehabilitation, 19, 149-164.

 

Hamill, S. K. (2002). Resilience and Self-Efficacy: The Importance of Efficacy

Beliefs  and  Coping  Mechanisms  in  Resilient  Adolescents.  Colgate  University Journal of the 

Science: 115-146

 

Hill, N. R. (2007). Wilderness Therapy as a Treatment Modality for At Risk Youth: A Primer For 

Mental Health Counselors. Journal Of Mental Health Counseling: 29. 4. 338.

 

Hinkle, J. S. (1999). Utilizing Outdoor Pursuits In Mental Health Counseling. In J. S Hinkle  

(Ed.),  Promoting  Optimal  Mental  Health  Through  Counseling:  An Overview (pp. 179-186). 

Greensboro NC: ERIC.

 

Irmohizam & Muhammad Hussin, (2016). Level of Resilience amongst Public University Students in 

Malaysia and Overseas. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar 19 (2016): 92 – 107

 

Ishak Md.Shah. (2009). Efikasi Diri dan Hubungannya Dengan Pencapaian Akademik

http://eprints.utm.my/14464/1/

 

Joo, H. S. (2015). South Korea Men and The Military: The Influence of Conscription on the Political 

Behavior of South Korea Males. CMC Senior Theses: Paper 104.

http://scholarship.claremont.edu_theses/1048

 

 

Jabatan Latihan Khidmat Negara. (2008). Laporan Tahunan.

 

Jabatan Latihan Khidmat Negara. (2014). www.khidmatnegara.gov.my

 

Jamaludin Ahmad. (2002). Kesahan, Kebolehpercayaan dan Keberkesanan Modul

Program Maju Diri Ke Atas Motivasi Pencapaian di Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah Negeri Selangor. 

Tesis Dr. Fal. Universiti Putra Malaysia

 

James, T. (1980). Sketch of a Moving Spirit: Kurt Hanh. Journal Of Experential Education, 3, 17-22.

 

Jew, C. L., Green, K. E., & Koger, J. (1999). Development and Validation of a Measure of  

Resiliency.  Measurement  and  evaluation  in  counseling  and  development, American Counseling 

Association 32 (2): 75 – 111.

 

Julian, E. C. (2011). Exploring Positive Youth Development in Wilderness Therapy.

PhD Dissertation, Fuller Theological Seminary, Published by ProQuest.

 

Jungert, T., & Rosander, M. 2010. Self-Efficacy and Strategies to Influence the Study Environment. 

Teaching in Higher Education. 15 (6): 647-659.

 

Kaly, P. W. & Heesacker, M. (2003). Effects of a Ship Based Adventure Program on Adolescent   Self  

 Esteem   and   Ego   Identity   Development.   The   Journal   of Experimental Education, 26: 2. 

97-104.

 

Kaplan, S. & Talbot, J. F. (1983). Psychological Benefits Of Wilderness Experience, In

M.   A.   Gass,   Adventure   Therapy:   Therapeutic   Applications   Of   Adventure Programming 

(pp. 44-46). Dubuque, 1A: Kendall/Hunt.

 

Kementerian Pertahanan Singapore, https://www.mindef.gov.sg/

 

Kerlinger, F.N. (1979) Foundations of Behavioural Research. Ed. Ke-2. New York: Holt Rinehart & 

Winston.

 

Klint, K. A. (1999). New Directions for Inquiry Into Self-Concept and Adventure Experiences. In S. 

Priest (Ed.), Adventure programming (pp. 163-168).

 

Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential Learning: Experience as The Source of Learning and Development. 

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

 

Knowlton, M. A. (2007). Resilience Theory, Social Capital Of Neighborhoods And Adolescence:  The  

Effect  Of  Neighborhoods  On  Competence  Demonstrated During   Adolescence.   PhD   Dissertation, 

  Capella   University,   Published   by

ProQuest.

 

 

Kumpfer, K., & Summerhays, F. (2006). Prevention Approaches to Enhance Resilience

among High-Risk Youth: Comments on the Papers of Dishion & Connell and Greenberg. Annals of the New 

York Academy of Science(1094), 151-163.

 

Lee, F., & Choi, J.K. (2010). Impacts Of ABC On The Young Olds. Hong Kong Journal Of Social Work, 

V.44, n.1 p.49-66.

 

Llyod, M. J. (2010). Comparing Leadership Traits Of Outdoor Adventure Education Instructors And 

Guides. Master of Arts Thesis, Prescott College, Published by ProQuest.

 

Luthar, S., & Zigler, E. (1991). Vulnerability and Competence: A Reveiw of Research on Resilience 

in Childhood. American Journal of Orthopsychiatric 6(1), 6-22.

 

Lynch, J. D. (2011). Ecocentric Outdoor Education: expanding Curricila Through

The  Language  Of  Ecopsychology.  Master  of  Arts  Thesis,  Northern  Arizona University, 

Published by ProQuest.

 

McCarty M. M. (2014). An Assessment of Therapeutic Skills and Knowledge of Outdoor Leaders  In  The 

 United  States  and  Canada.  Master  Of  Art  Thesis,  Prescott College, Published by ProQuest.

 

Maddi, S. R., & Khosaba, (2005). Resilience At Work, N: Amacom.

 

Mampane, R. & Bouwer, C. (2006). Identifying Resilient and Non-Resilient Middle Adolescents in a 

Formerly Black-Only Urban School. South African Journal of Education, 26(3), 443-456

 

Masten, A. & Reed, M. 2002. Resilience in Development. In C.R. Synder and S.J. Lopez (eds), 

Handbook of Positive Psychology. NY: Oxford University Press

 

Masten, A. 1994. Resilience in Individual Development: Successful Adaptation Despite Risk and 

Adversity. In Wang MC, Gordon EW, editors. Educational Resilience in Inner-City America: Challenges 

and Prospects. Hillsdale: NJ Erlbaum.

 

Masten, A. S., Hubbard, Jon J., Gest, Scott D., Tellegen., et al (1999). Competence in the Context 

of Adversity: Pathways to Resilience and Maladaptation From Childhood to Late Adolescence. Journal 

of Development and Psychopathology, 11, 143-169.

 

Merryman, B. M. & Mezei, A. (2012). The Effects of a Summer Camp Experience on Factors  of  

Resilience  in  At  Risk  Youth.  The  Open  Journal  of  Occupational Therapy, 1: 1. 3.

 

Michael Allen Walsh, M. A. (2009). Wilderness Adventure Programming as an Intervention for Youthful 

Offenders: Self-Efficacy, Resilience, and Hope for the

Future. PhD dissertation, University of Minnesota, Published by ProQuest.

 

Miles, J. C. (1987). Wilderness as a Healing Place. Journal Of Experential Education, 9,

90-105.

 

Mohd Majid Konting (2000). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan, Edisi ke 5. Kuala

Lumpur: Dewan bahasa dan Pustaka.

 

Mohammad Aziz & Fatimah Yusooff, (2010). Kesan Kelompok Bimbingan Ke Atas

Konsep Kendiri, Penilaian Konsep Kendiri- Rakan Sebaya, Daya Tahan dan

Kelangsangan Remaja Pertengahan Yang Sederhana Rendah Konsep Kendiri.

Jurnal Psikologi Malaysia, 24; 31-47.

 

Mohammad Aziz Shah Mohamed Arip, (2010). Kesan Kelompok Ke Atas Konsep

Kendiri, Kelansangan dan Resiliensi di Kalangan Remaja. Tesis Dr. Fal.

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi.

 

Mohammad Nasir, Samsiah Mohd, Muhamad Bazlan, Ahmad Jazimin, Aslina Ahmad,

Noraini Ismail., et al (2013). Kesahan dan Kebolehpercayaan Inventori Remaja

Berisiko Mengambil Dadah (Narkotik) – IRBMD. International Counseling

Conference, Malaysia, Indonesia & Brunei, Bali Indonesia.

 

Mohammad Nasir, Samsiah Mohd, Aslina Ahmad, Amelia Mohd, Ahmad Jazimin,

Muhammad Bazlan., et al (2015). Kesan Kaunseling Kelompok Penyesuaian

Remaja Terhadap Resilien Dalam Kalangan Remaja Berisiko Mengambil Dadah.

Jurnal Pendidikan Bitara UPSI.

 

Moote, G.T., Jr & Wodarski, J.S. (1997). The Acquasition Of Life Skills Through

Adventure-Based Activities & Programs: A Review Of The Literature.

Adolescence, 32, 143-167.

 

Nassar-McMillan, S C., & Cashwell, C. S. (1997). Building self-esteem of children and

adolescents through adventure-based counseling. Journal of Humanistic

Education and Development, 36(2), 59-67.

 

Norris, Fran. H. 2010. Behavioral Science Perspectives on Resilience. Carri Research

Report 10. Oak Ridge National Laboratory

 

Norsyahrina Abd Manaf., Bahaman Abu Samah & Nobaya Ahmad. (2013). The Impact

Of The National Service Programme On Self-Resilience Among Youth In

Malaysia. Pertanika Journal Of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21 (spec, July). pp.

59-66. ISSN 0128-7702; ESSN: 2231-8534

 

Norkhalid Salimin, Md Amin Md Taff, Gunatevan Elumalai, Yusop Ahmad, Nuzsep

Almigo, Mohd Nor et al., (2013). Manual Program Gaya Hidup Sihat PLKN.

Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Nunally, J. C. (1978). Psychoimetric Theory, (2nd ed). New York, McGraw Hill.

 

Nuzsep Almigo. (2012). Manual Permainan Kreativiti. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan

Idris.

 

Nuzsep Almigo, Yusof Ahmad, Norkhalid Salimin, Md Amin Md Taff & Gunatevan

Elumalai (2014). The Effect of Adventure Based Counseling (ABC) of Self Efficacy Trainers in the 

Healthy Lifestyle Program at Program in the National Service. Journal of Science, Movement and 

Health, Issue 2, Supplement, 2014, Romania.

 

Othman Mohamad. (2000). Prinsip psikoterapi dan pengurusan dalam kaunseling.

Serdang: Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Outward Bound Malaysia, (2016). http://www.outwardbound.my/

 

Patterson, P. (2011). Adapted Camping And Hiking Curriculum: Outdoor Adventure Transferable Skills 

To Life-Skills For Adult Transition Students Of South Orange County, California. Master Science 

Thesis, Published by ProQuest.

 

Paxton T. S. (1998). Self-Efficacy and Outdoor Adventure Programs: A Quantitative

and Qualitative Analyses. PhD Dissertation, University Of Minnesota, Published by UMI Company.

theses and dissertations

 

Peebles, L. M. (2006). Improving Self-Efficacy in College Students: A Modified Adventure Therapy 

Program. PhD   Dissertation,   University Of North Texas, Published by ProQuest.

 

Philipson, L. S. (2013). How a Summer Camp Counselor-in-Training Program May Foster Resilience and 

Self-Efficacy in Adolescent Boys. PhD Dissertation, Tulane University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Priest, S., & Gass, M. (2005). Effective Leadership in Adventure Programming  (2nd ed.).

Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Priest, S. & Gass, M. A. (1997). Effective Leadership In Adventure Programming, Champaign, IL: 

Human Kinetics.

 

Priest, S. (1999). The Semantics of Adventure Programming. In J. Miles, & S. Priest, Adventure 

Programming (pp. 111-122). State College: Venture Publishing

 

Project Adventure. (2007). Adventure Based Counseling Training Manual. Beverly, MA: Project 

Adventure, Inc.

 

Program Khidmat Bakti Negara Negara (PKBN-Brunei Darussalam). (2015).

http://www.pkbn.gov.bn/

 

 

Rai, A. A (2003). Evaluation of an Adventure Based Counseling Unit To Improve The

Transition Of At Risk Middle School Students. PhD Dissertation, University Of Florida, Published by 

ProQuest.

 

Raiola, E., & O'Keefe, M. (1999). Philopsophy in practice: A history of adventure programming. In 

J. Miles, & S. Priest (Eds.), Adventure programming (pp. 45 53). State College, PA: Venture 

Publishing.

 

Rauch, A. & Frese, M. 2000. Psychological approaches to entrepreneurial succes: A general model and 

an overview of finding In C.L. Cooper & I.T. Robertson (Eds), International Psychology 15: 101-141

 

Reivich, K. & Shatte, A. (2002). The Resilience Factor: 7 Keys To Finding Your Inner Strength And 

Overcome Life’s Hurdles. New York: Broadway Books.

 

Ritchie, C. (2011). Maritime Adventure Program: Combining the Maritime,

Adventure and Service Learning in The After-School. Master of  Arts  Thesis, Prescott College, 

Published by ProQuest.

 

Richardson, G. E. (2002). The Metatheory Of Resilience & Resiliency. Jurnal Of Clinical Psychology, 

Vol.58(3)-307-321(2002). Wiley Periodicals. Inc. Proquest.

 

Richardson, G. E., Jensen, S., & Kumfer, K. (1990). The Resiliency Model. Health Education 21, 

33-39.

 

Richardson, E. D. (1998). Adventure Based Therapy and Self Efficacy Theory: Test of a Treatment 

Model For Late Adolescents With Depressive Symptomatology. PhD Dissertation, Virginia Polytechnic 

Institute and State University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Ricketts, P. (2008). Factors Promoting Resilience in High Risk Youth. Master of Psychology Thesis, 

University of Western Cape, National ETD Portal.

 

Rozmi Ismail. (2015). Metodologi Penyelidikan, Teori dan Praktis. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Rosenthal, T. L., & Zimmerman, B. J. (1978). Social Learning and Cognition. New York: Academic 

Press.

 

Russell, K. C. (2000). Exploring How the Wilderness Therapy Process Relates to

Outcomes. The Journal of Experiential Education, 23(3), 170-176.

 

 

Russell, K. C.,Hendee, J. C.,& Phmips-Miller, D. (2000). How Wilderness Therapy

Works: An Examination of the Wilderness Therapy Process to Treat Adolescents With Behavioral 

Problems and Addictions. In S. McCool (Ed.), Proceedings: Wilderness Science in a Time of Change, 

Missoula, MT’ May, 1999. Proc. RMRS-P-00. Ogden, UT: USD A Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research 

Station.

 

Russell, K. C., & Phillips-Miller,D. (2002). Perspectives on the Wilderness Therapy Process and Its 

Relation to Outcome. Child and Youth Care Forum, 57(6), 415- 437.

 

Russel, J.D  (1974). Modular Instruction: A Guide to The Design, Selection, Utilization and 

Evaluation of Modular Materials. United States: Publishing Company

 

Sabitha Marican (2006).  Penyelidikan Sains Sosial Pendekatan Pragmatik. Batu Caves; Penerbit 

Edusystem Sdn Bhd.

 

Shamsulariffin Samsudin, Borhannudin Abdullah & Chee Chen Soon (2016). Reaksi Pelajar   Terhadap   

Program   Pendidikan   Luar   dan   Hubungannya   dengan Pengetahuan,  Sikap  dan  Kemahiran.  

International  Journal  of  Education  and Training (InjET) 2(2) November: 1-11 (2016) 

http://www.injet.upm.edu.my

 

Scali, J., Gandubert, C., Ritchie, K., Soulier, M., Marie, L. A., Chaudieu, I. (2012).

Measuring Resilience in Adult Women Using the 10 Items Connor-Davidson. Plusone:Vol. 7 , 6. 

www.plosone.org

 

Schoel, J., Prounty, D., & Radcliffe, P. (1988). Island Of Healing: A Guide To Adventure Based 

Counseling. Hamilton, MA: Project Adventure.

 

Schoel, J. & Maizell, R. S. (2002). Exploring Islands of Healing: New perspectives on Adventure 

Based Counseling. Beverly, MA: Project Adventure, Inc.

 

Seligman, M. E. P., Reivich, J., Cox, L. J., & Gillham, J. (1995). The Optimistic Child.

Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

 

Sheard, M. & Golby, J. (2006). The Efficacy of an Outdoor Adventure Education Curriculum on 

Selected Aspects of Psychological Development. The Journal of Experential Education: 29. 2. 

187-209.

 

Shiner, R. L. & Masten, A. S. (2012). Childhood Personality as a Harbinger of Competence  and 

Resilience in  Adulthood.  Development  and Psychopathology Cambridge University Press 24; 507–528

 

Siebert, A. (2005), The Resiliency Advantage: Master Change, Thrive Under Pressure,

and Bounce Back from Setbacks. Berrett-Koehler, SanFrancisco.

 

 

Skehill Claire M. (2001). Resilience, Coping with an Extended Stay Outdoor Education

Program,  and  Adolescent  Mental  Health  A  report  submitted  as  a  partial requirement for the 

degree of Honours in Applied Psychology at the University of Canberra.26thOctober,2001. 

http://www.wilderdom.com/pdf/Skehill2001ResilienceCopingOutdoorEducation.p df

 

Smith, B. W., Jeanne Dalen, J., Wiggins, K.,Tooley, E., Christopher, P. & Bernard, J. (2008).  The  

Brief  Resilience  Scale:  Assessing  the  Ability  to  Bounce  Back. International Journal of 

Behavioral Medicine, 15: 194–200

 

Squires, G. E. (2005). Female Juvenile Offenders and Adventure Based Programming: A Qualitative 

Analysis of the Experiences of Mentoring, Socialization, Self Esteem and  Self  Efficacy,  and  

Physicality.  PhD  Dissertation,  University  Of  Toledo, Published by Proquest.

 

Stevenson, F., Zimmerman.,& Marc. A. (2005). Adolescent Resilience: A Framework For Understanding 

Healthy Development In The Face Of Risk. Annual Review Of Public Health: 2005, 26. Research 

Literature. Proquest.

 

Sidek Mohd Noah. (2002). Rekabentuk penyelidikan: Falsafah, Teori dan Praktis.

Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Sidek Mohd. (2005). Pengujian dan Penilaian Kaunseling: Teori dan Aplikasi. Serdang: Ampang Press 

Sdn Bhd.

 

Sidek Mohd, & Jamaludin Ahmad. (2005). Pembinaan Modul. Bagaimana Membina Modul Latihan dan Modul 

Akademik. Universiti Putra Malaysia.

 

Steinberg, L. (2007). Risk Taking In Adolescene: New Perspectives From Brain & Behavioural Science. 

16 (2), 55-59.

 

Syahrom Abdullah. (1990). Panduan Amali Untuk Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa 

dan Pustaka.

 

 

Tiet. Quyen Quoc. (1997). Predictors, Developmental Pathways, and The Construct of

Resilience   Among   Inner   City   Youths.   PhD   Theses,   Clinical   Psychology, University 

Colorado. Published by ProQuest, Umi No 9709533.

 

Tuckman, B.W. (1988). Conducting Educational Research, 3rd Edition. New York: Harcourt Brace 

Jovanovich, Inc.

 

Tuckman, B. W. (1965). Developmental sequences in small groups. Psychological

Bulletin, 63(6), 384-399.

 

 

Tyson, L. E., & Menear, K. S. (2006). Connecting the National Standards for School

Counseling   Programs   With   an   Adventure-Based   Counseling   Intervention. Alabama

Counseling Journal, 26(1), 1-8.

 

Tremblay, R. L. (2003). Designing Outdoor Adventure Programs: A Systematic Approach. Master of Art 

Thesis, Prescott College, Published by ProQuest.

 

Tessneer, S. E. (2014). Life Inoculation: Examining the Relationship Between Adventure Education 

Components and Resilience in Summer Camp Experiences. Master of Science Thesis, East Carolina 

University, Published by ProQuest.

 

Undang-Undang Malaysia. (2003). Akta Latihan Khidmat Negara-Akta 628. Ungar, M., Dumond, C., & 

McDonald, W. (2005). Risk, Resilience and Outdoor

Programmes for At-risk Children. Journal of Social Work, 5(3), 319-337.

 

VanBreda, A. D. (2001). Resilience Theory: A Literature Review. South African Military Health  

Service,  Military  Psychological  Institute,  Social  Work  Research  & Development: 

MPI/R/104/12/1/4

 

Werner, E. (1996). Observations on resiliency. Resiliency in action, 1 (1), 18-29. 

 

Widmer., Duerden, M. A., Taniguchi, M. D. & Stacy, T. (2014). Increasing and

Generalizing   Self-Efficacy:  The  Effects  of   Adventure   Journal   of   Leisure Research, 

ProQuest Research Library: 46. 2; 165-183.

 

White, N. W. (2011). Stories from the Elders: Chronicles and Narratives of the Early Years  of  

Wilderness  Therapy.  PhD  Dissertation,  Franklin  Pierce  University, Published by ProQuest.

 

White, W. (2012). A History of Adventure Therapy. In M.A. Gass, H.L. Gillis, & K. C. Russell 

(Eds.), Adventure Therapy: Theory, Research, and Practice (pp. 19-48). New York, NY: Routledge.

 

Windle, G., Bennett K. M. & Jane Noyes, J. (2012). A Methodological Review of Resilience  

Measurement  Scales.  Windle  et  al.  Health  and  Quality  of  Life Outcomes, 9. 8 ; 507–528: 

http://www.hqlo.com/content/9/1/8

 

Wolin, S.J.,& Wolin, S. (1993). The Resilient Self : How Survivors of Trouble Families Rise Above 

Adversity. New York: Villard

 

Woodruff, S. K. (2009). The Impact of Short-Term Adventure Experiences on the Body Image of Women 

over Forty. Master of Arts Thesis, Prescott College, Published

by ProQuest.

 

 

Worsley. L. (2006).The Resilience Doughnut.The Secret of Strong Kids. Sydney: Wild

land. Woolley Publications.

 

Yahya D., Abdul Sukor. & Mohd Naem. (2005). Penilaian Program Latihan Khidmat Negara (PLKN) Melalui 

Gagasan Latihan Fizikal, Universiti Utara Malaysia.

 

Yalom, I. D., & Leszcz, M. (2005). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy.

New York, NY: Basic Books

 

Zaiton Mohamad & Balan Ratnakrishnan. (2014). Hubungan Daya Ketahanan dan Sokongan Sosial Terhadap 

Kesunyian Pelajar Dalam Institut Pengajian Tinggi (IPT).          UMS          Seminar          

Kebangsaan          Integriti          Keluarga. http//www.ums.edu.my/conference/skik2014.

 

Zolli, A. & Healy, A. M. (2012). Resilience. Why Things Bounce Back. Simon &

Schuster, New York.

 

 

 

 

 

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or 016-3630263. Office hours only.