Acharya, C., Ghosh, S. K., & Kundu, S. C. (2008). Silk fibroin protein from mulberry

and non-mulberry silkworms: Cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and kinetics of L929 murine fibroblast 

adhesion. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 19(8), 2827–2836.

 

Amaral, M., Gomes, P. S., Lopes, M. a., Santos, J. D., Silva, R. F., & Fernandes, M.

H. (2009). Cytotoxicity evaluation of nanocrystalline diamond coatings by fibroblast cell cultures. 

Acta Biomaterialia, 5(2), 755–763.

 

Ames, L., Us, I. A., & Hull, D. (2006). United States Patent No. US 6995242B2.

United State Patent Office.

 

Aminah Abdullah. (2000). Prinsip penilaian sensori. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

 

Arifin, A. (2013). Effect of Electron Beam Irradiation on Molecular Weight of Hydrolysed Collagen. 

Masters Thesis. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.

 

Badawy, M., Abdallah, M., Almeida Jr., H., & Wollina, U. (2015). Human skin cell culture and its 

impact on dermatology. Egyptian Dermatology Online Journal, 1(2), 1–25.

 

Benbettaïeb, N., Karbowiak, T., Brachais, C.H., & Debeaufort, F. (2015). Impact of electron beam 

irradiation on fish gelatin film properties. Food Chemistry, 195, 11–18.

 

Bhat, R., & Sridhar, K. R. (2008a). Effect of electron beam irradiation on the quality 

characteristics of an economically valued tropical.

 

Bhat, R., & Sridhar, K. R. (2008b). Nutritional quality evaluation of electron beam- irradiated 

lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) seeds. Food Chemistry, 107(1), 174–184.

 

Binsi, P. K., Shamasundar, B. A., Dileep,  A. O., Badii, F., & Howell, N. K. (2009).

Rheological and functional properties of gelatin from the skin of Bigeye snapper (Priacanthus 

hamrur) fish: Influence of gelatin on the gel-forming ability of fish mince. Food Hydrocolloids, 

23(1), 132–145.

 

Boyd, C. 2002. E-Beam sterilizes the industry. Sterilization 39–43.

 

Bruyère, O., Zegels, B., Leonori, L., Rabenda, V., Janssen, a., Bourges, C., & Reginster, J. Y. 

(2012). Effect of collagen hydrolysate in articular pain: A 6- month randomized, double-blind, 

placebo controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 20(3), 124–130.

 

Cen, L., Liu, W., Cui, L., Zhang, W., & Cao, Y. (2008). Collagen tissue engineering: development of 

novel biomaterials and applications. Pediatric Research, 63(5),

492–6.

 

 

Chen,  R.,  Hsu,  C.,  Chung,  M.,  Tsai,  W.,  &  Liu,  C.  (2008).  Effect  of  different

concentrations of collagen , ceramides , n-acetyl glucosamine , or their mixture on enhancing the 

proliferation of keratinocytes , fibroblasts and the secretion of collagen and / or the expression 

of mrna of type I collagen, 16(1), 66–74.

 

Chevallay, B., Abdul-Malak, N., & Herbage, D. (2000). Mouse fibroblasts in long- term culture 

within collagen three-dimensional scaffolds: Influence of crosslinking with diphenylphosphorylazide 

on matrix reorganization,  growth, and biosynthetic and proteolytic activities. Journal of 

Biomedical Materials Research, 49(4), 448–459.

 

Chi,  C.  F.,  Cao,  Z.  H.,  Wang,  B.,  Hu,  F.  Y.,  Li,  Z.  R.,  &  Zhang,  B.  (2014).

Antioxidant and functional properties of collagen hydrolysates from Spanish mackerel skin as 

influenced by average molecular weight. Molecules, 19(8), 11211–11230.

 

Choong, C. (2013). A Tale of Fish Scale : Journey from Waste to Resource. In Brief, 12(1), 78–79.

 

Ciapetti, G., Cenni, E., Pratelli, L., & Pizzoferrato, A. (2003). In vitro evaluation of 

cell/biomaterial interaction by MTT assay. Biomaterials, 14(5), 359–364.

 

Cliche, S., Amiot, J., Avezard, C., & Gariépy, C. (2003). Extraction and characterization of 

collagen with or without telopeptides from chicken skin. Poultry Science, 82(3), 503–509.

 

Da Silva, V. M., Silva, L. A., De Andrade, J. B., Da Cunha Veloso, M. C., & Santos,

G. V. (2016). Determination of moisture content and water activity in algae and fish by 

thermoanalytical techniques. Quimica Nova, 31(4), 901–905.

 

De Almeida, P. F., De Araújo, M. G. O., & Santana, J. C. C. (2012). Collagen extraction from 

chicken feet for jelly production. Acta Scientiarum - Technology, 34(3), 345–351.

 

De Silva, S. S., Subasinghe, R. P., Bartley, D. M., & Lowther, A. (2014). Tilapias as alien 

aquatics in asia and the pacific: A Review. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper, 453, 65.

 

Diehl, J. F., & Scherz, H. (2001). Estimation of radiolytic products as a basis for evaluating the 

wholesomeness of irradiated foods. The International Journal Of Applied Radiation And Isotopes, 

26(9), 499–507.

 

Falguera, V., Garza, S., Pagán, J., Garvín, A., & Ibarz, A. (2013). Effect of uv-vis irradiation on 

enzymatic activities and physicochemical properties of four grape musts from different varieties. 

Food and Bioprocess Technology, 6(8), 2223– 2229.

 

Farag, M. D. (2006). Radiation deactivation of antinutritional factors: trypsin inhibitor and 

hemagglutinin in soybeans. Egyptian Journal of Radiation Sciences and

Applications, 25(13), 207–215.

 

 

Farag Zaied, S., Mohamed Youssef, B., Desouky, O., & Salah El Dien, M. (2007).

Decontamination of gum arabic with gamma-rays or electron beams and effects of these treatments on 

the material. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 65(1), 26– 31.

 

Fielding, L. M., Cook, P. E., & Grandison, A. S. (2006). The effect of electron beam irradiation, 

combined with acetic acid, on the survival and recovery of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus 

curvatus. International Journal Food Microbiology, 35(3), 259–265.

 

Fray M. E, Bartkowiak A, P. P. (2011). Physical and mechanical sterilized, behaviour of 

electron-beam irradiated and ethylene oxide polyester, multiblock polyesters. Journal Materials 

Science: Materials Medicine, 11, 757–62.

 

Freshney, R. I. (2010). Culture of Animal Cell : A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized 

Applications (6th Edition). University of Glasgow: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.

 

Friess, W. (1998). Collagen as biomaterial for drug delivery. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and 

Biopharmaceutics,  45(2), 113–136.

 

Furuta, M., Suwa, T., & Kuwabara, Y. (2003). Electron beam sterilization of laboratory animal 

diets-Sterilizing effect of 10- MeV electrons from a linear accelerator. Experimental Animal Tokyo, 

51(4), 327–334.

 

Gomez-Guillen, M. C., Gimenez, B., Lopez-Caballero, M. E., & Montero, M. P. (2011). Functional and 

bioactive properties of collagen and gelatin from alternative sources: A review. Food 

Hydrocolloids, 25(8), 1813–1827.

 

Griffiths, S., Mac Lean, M., Anderson, J. G., Mac Gregor, S. J., & Helen Grant, M. (2012). 

Inactivation of microorganisms within collagen gel biomatrices using pulsed electric field 

treatment. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine, 23(2), 507–515.

 

Griffiths, S., Smith, S., MacGregor, S. J., Anderson, J. G., Van Der Walle, C., Beveridge, J. R., & 

Helen Grant, M. (2008). Pulsed electric field treatment as a potential method for microbial 

inactivation in scaffold materials for tissue engineering: The inactivation of bacteria in collagen 

gel. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 105(4), 963–969.

 

Gudmundsson, M. (2002). Rheological properties of fish gelatins. Journal of Food Science, 67(6), 

2172–2176.

 

Hashim, P., Mohd Ridzwan, M. S., Bakar, J., & Mat Hashim, D. (2015). Collagen in food and beverage 

industries. International Food Research Journal, 22(1), 1–8.

 

Hema, G. S., Shyni, K., Mathew, S., Anandan, R., Ninan, G., & Po, M. (2013). A simple method for 

isolation of fish skin collagen-biochemical characterization of skin collgagen extracted from 

Albacore Tuna (Thunnus Alalunga), Dog Shark (Scoliodon Sorrakowah), and Rohu (Labe). Annals of 

Biological Research, 4(1),

271–278.

 

 

Hong,  Y.  S.,  Ryu,  K.  Y.,  &  Kim,  K.  S.  (2014).  Analysis  of  radiation  induced

hydrocarbons by electron-beam irradiation in dried squid (Todarodes pacificus) and octopus 

(Paroctopus dofleini). Korean Journal of Food Preservation, 21(3), 381–387.

 

Huang, C.Y., Kuo, J.M., Wu, S.J., & Tsai, H.T. (2016). Isolation and characterization of fish scale 

collagen from tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) by a novel extrusion–hydro- extraction process. Food 

Chemistry, 190, 997–1006.

 

Huang, S., Herald, T. J., & Mueller, D. D. (2007). Effect of electron beam irradiation on physical 

, physicochemical , and functional properties of liquid egg yolk during frozen storage. Poultry 

Science, 76, 1607–1615.

 

Huda, N., Seow, E. K., Normawati, M. N., Nik Aisyah, N. M., Fazilah,  A., & Easa,

A. M. (2013). Effect of duck feet collagen addition on physicochemical properties of surimi. 

International Food Research Journal, 20(2), 537–544.

 

Hulmes, D. J. S. (2002). Building collagen molecules, fibrils, and suprafibrillar structures. 

Journal of Structural Biology, 137(1–2), 2–10.

 

Iwai, K., Hasegawa, T., Taguchi, Y., Morimatsu, F., Sato, K., Nakamura, Y., … Ohtsuki, K. (2005). 

Identification of food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin 

hydrolysates. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(16), 6531–6536.

 

Jaczynski, J., & Park, J. W. (2003). Microbial inactivation and electron penetration in surimi 

seafood during electron beam processing. Journal of Food Science, 68(5), 1788–1792.

 

Jamilah, B., Umi Hartina, M. R., Mat Hashim, D., & Sazili, A. Q. (2013). Properties of collagen 

from barramundi (Lates calcarifer) skin. International Food Research Journal, 20(2), 835–842.

 

Jellouli, K., Balti, R., Bougatef, A., Hmidet, N., Barkia, A., & Nasri, M. (2011).

Chemical composition and characteristics of skin gelatin from grey triggerfish (Balistes 

capriscus). LWT - Food Science and Technology, 44(9), 1965–1970.

 

Jiang, B., Wu, Z., Zhao, H., Tang, F., Lu, J., Wei, Q., & Zhang, X. (2006). Electron beam 

irradiation modification of collagen membrane. Biomaterials, 27(1), 15– 23.

 

Jin, Y., Shin, H., & Song, K. B. (2007). Electron beam irradiation improves shelf lives of korean 

ginseng (panax ginseng) and red ginseng. Journal of Food Science, 72(4), C217–C222.

 

Karim, A. A., & Bhat, R. (2009). Fish gelatin: properties, challenges, and prospects as an 

alternative to mammalian gelatins. Food Hydrocolloids, 23(3), 563–576.

 

Kim, H.J., Chun, H.H., Song, H.J., & Song, K.B. (2010). Effects of electron beam irradiation on the 

microbial growth and quality of beef jerky during storage.

Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 79(11), 1165–1168.

 

King’ori,    A.  M.  (2011).  A  review  of  the  uses  of  poultry  egg  shells  and  shell

membranes. International Journal of Poultry Science, 10(11), 908–912.

 

Ko, J., Ma, Y., & Song, K. Bin. (2005). Effect of electron beam irradiation on microbial qualities 

of whole black pepper powder and commercial Sunsik. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 

37(2), 308–312.

 

Lee,  C.  H.,  Singla,  A.,  &  Lee,  Y.  (2001).  Biomedical  applications  of  collagen.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 221(1–2), 1–22.

 

Lee, M. K., Lee, M. H., & Kwon, J. H. (1998). Sterilizing effect of electron beam on ginseng 

powders. Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology, 30(6), 1362–1366.

 

Li, Z. R., Wang, B., Chi, C. F., Zhang, Q. H., Gong, Y. D., Tang, J. J., … Ding, G. F. (2013). 

Isolation and characterization of acid soluble collagens and pepsin soluble collagens from the skin 

and bone of Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorous niphonius). Food Hydrocolloids, 31(1), 103–113.

 

Liao, S. S., & Cui, F. Z. (2004). In vitro and in vivo degradation of mineralized collagen-based 

composite scaffold: nanohydroxyapatite/collagen/poly(L-lactide). Tissue Engineering, 10(1–2), 

73–80.

 

Liu, D., Liang, L., Regenstein, J. M., & Zhou, P. (2012). Extraction and characterisation of 

pepsin-solubilised collagen from fins, scales, skins, bones and swim bladders of bighead carp 

(Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). Food Chemistry, 133(4), 1441–1448.

 

Liu, W., Li, G., Miao, Y., & Wu, X. (2007). Pepsin-solubilized type I collagen from the scales. 

Food Chemistry, 33(2009), 20–37.

 

Magan, N., & Lacey, J. (1988). Ecological determinants of mould growth in stored grain. 

International Journal of Food Microbiology, 7(3), 245–256.

 

Malaysia. 2016. Akta Makanan 1983, Peraturan-Peraturan Kebersihan Makanan, Undang-Undang Malaysia 

(Revised 2016). (1–60).

 

Malaysia. 2011. Akta Makanan, Peraturan Iradiasi Makanan 2011. (1495–1506).

 

Mañas, P., & Pagán, R. (2005). Microbial inactivation by new technologies of food preservation. 

Journal of Applied Microbiology, 98(6), 1387–1399.

 

Mari, W. K., Muneshige, S., Shin, K., Yasuki, T., Hideyuki, S., Fumiki, M., … Michio, K. (2010). 

Absorption and effectiveness of orally administered low molecular weight collagen hydrolysate in 

rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 58(2), 835–841.

 

Matmaroh, K., Benjakul, S., Prodpran, T., Encarnacion, A. B., & Kishimura, H. (2011). 

Characteristics of acid soluble collagen and pepsin soluble collagen from scale of spotted golden 

goatfish (Parupeneus heptacanthus). Food Chemistry,

129(3), 1179–1186.

 

Mehta K. Trends in radiation sterilization of health care products. Retrieved on

January 19, 2017, from http://www-pub.iaea.org/books/iaeabooks/7691/Trends- 

in-Radiation-Sterilization-of-Health-Care-Products

 

Mohd Nazri, A. R., Shariffah Azzainurfina, S. K., & Azlan, J. (2012). Extractions, physicochemical 

characterizations and sensory quality of chicken feet gelatin. Borneo Science, 1–13.

 

Molins, R. A. (2001). Food Irradiation: Principles and Applications. (Molins R.A., Ed.).     New    

 York:     Wiley     Interscience     Publisher.     Retrieved     from 

https://books.google.com.my/books?hl=en&lr=&id=dkNQqbXY3loC&oi=fnd& 

pg=PR13&dq=Irradiation+of+meat+and+poultry,+journal+of+food+irradiation+ 

principles+and+applications&ots=LwIeJ3o6eu&sig=68CBspRg_pePkktikCzwY 

v6shIk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Irradiation%2520of%25

 

Morimura, S., Nagata, H., Uemura, Y., Fahmi, A., Shigematsu, T., & Kida, K. (2002). Development of 

an effective process for utilization of collagen from livestock and fish waste. Process 

Biochemistry, 37(12), 1403–1412.

 

Moulinxfe, V., Jeanlt, A., Garre, D. R., & Germain, L. (2016). In vitro models to study wound 

healing fibroblasts, Process Biochemistry, 22(5), 359–362.

 

Muyonga, J. H., Cole, C. G. B., & Duodu, K. G. (2004). Characterisation of acid soluble collagen 

from skins of young and adult Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Food Chemistry, 85(1), 81–89.

 

Nagai, N., Yunoki, S., Suzuki, T., Sakata, M., Tajima, K., & Munekata, M. (2004).

Application of cross-linked salmon atelocollagen to the scaffold of human periodontal ligament 

cells. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 97(6), 389–394.

 

Nam, K. A., You, S. G., & Kim, S. M. (2008). Molecular and physical characteristics of squid 

(Todarodes pacificus) skin collagens and biological properties of their enzymatic hydrolysates. 

Journal of Food Science, 73(4), 249–255.

 

Nurrulhidayah A.Fadzlillah, Yaakob Che Man, Mohammad Aizat Jamaludin, Suhaimi Ab.Rahman, & Hassan 

A. Al-Kahtani. (2011). Halal Food Issues from Islamic and Modern Science Perspectives. 2nd 

International Conference on Humanities, Historical and Social Sciences, 17, 159–163.

 

Ohara, H., Ichikawa, S., Matsumoto, H., Akiyama, M., Fujimoto, N., Kobayashi, T.,

& Tajima, S. (2010). Collagen-derived dipeptide, proline-hydroxyproline, stimulates cell 

proliferation and hyaluronic acid synthesis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. The Journal of 

Dermatology, 37(4), 330–338.

 

Ohara, H., Matsumoto, H., Ito, K., Iwai, K., & Sato, K. (2007). Comparison of quantity and 

structures of hydroxyproline-containing peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of gelatin 

hydrolysates from different sources. Journal of

Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 55(4), 1532–1535.

 

Pan, B. Q., Su, W. J., Cao, M. J., Cai, Q. F., Weng, W. Y., & Liu, G. M. (2012). IgE

reactivity to type I collagen and its subunits from tilapia (Tilapia zillii). Food Chemistry, 

130(1), 127–133.

 

Pati, F., Adhikari, B., & Dhara, S. (2010). Isolation and characterization of fish scale collagen 

of higher thermal stability. Bioresource Technology, 101(10), 3737– 3742.

 

Pati, F., Datta, P., Adhikari, B., Dhara, S., & Ghosh, K. (2012). Collagen scaffolds derived from 

fresh water fish origin and their biocompatibility. Food Chemistry, 1068–1079.

 

Pei, Y., Yang, J., Liu, P., Xu, M., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. (2013). Fabrication, properties and 

bioapplications of cellulose/collagen hydrolysate composite films. Carbohydrate Polymers, 92(2), 

1752–1760.

 

Peng, Y., Glattauer, V., Werkmeister, J. A, & Ramshaw, J. A. M. (2004). Evaluation for collagen 

products for cosmetic application. Journal of Cosmetic Science, 55(4), 327–341.

 

Ramshaw, J. A. (1986). Distribution of type III collagen in bovine skin of various ages. Connective 

Tissue Research, 14(4), 307–314.

 

Ramshaw, J. A. M., Werkmeister, J. A., & Glattauer, V. (1996). Collagen-based biomaterials. 

Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Reviews, 13(1), 335–382.

 

Ricard Blum, S. (2011). The collagen family. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, 3(1), 

1–19.

 

Richelle, M., Sabatier, M., Steiling, H., & Williamson, G. (2006). Skin bioavailability of dietary 

vitamin E, carotenoids, polyphenols, vitamin C, zinc and selenium. The British Journal of 

Nutrition, 96(2), 227–238.

 

Rigby, B. J., & Robinson, M. S. (1975). Thermal transitions in collagen and the preffered 

temperature range of animals. Bioresource Technology, 101(10), 277– 279.

 

Selambakkannu S., Bakar K.A., Ting, T.M., Sharif, J., Dahlan, K. (2017). Effect of gamma and 

electron beam irradiation on textile waste water. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 79(11), 

1165–1168.

 

Shahiri Tabarestani, H., Maghsoudlou, Y., Motamedzadegan, A., Sadeghi Mahoonak,

A. R., & Rostamzad, H. (2012). Study on some properties of acid-soluble collagens isolated from 

fish skin and bones of rainbow trout (Onchorhynchus mykiss). International Food Research Journal, 

19(1), 251–257.

 

Shigemura, Y., Iwai, K., Morimatsu, F., Iwamoto, T., Mori, T., Oda, C., … Sato, K. (2009). Effect 

of prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), a food-derived collagen peptide in human blood, on growth of 

fibroblasts from mouse skin. Journal of

Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 57(2), 444–449.

 

Shrivastava, H. Y., Ravikumar, T., Shanmugasundaram, N., Babu, M., & Nair, B. U.

(2005). Cytotoxicity studies of chromium ( III ) complexes on human dermal fibroblasts, Journal of 

Cosmetic Science, 38, 58–69.

 

Sibilla, S., Godfrey, M., Brewer, S., Budh-Raja, A., & Genovese, L. (2015). An overview of the 

beneficial effects of hydrolysed collagen as a nutraceutical on skin properties: Scientific 

background and clinical studies. The Open Nutraceuticals Journal, 8, 29–42.

 

Silindir, M., & Özer, a. Y. (2009). Sterilization methods and the comparison of E- beam 

sterilization with gamma radiation sterilization. Fabad Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 34(1), 

43–53.

 

Silvipriya, K. S., Krishna Kumar, K., Dinesh Kumar, B., John, A., & Lakshmanan, P. (2016). Fish 

processing waste: A promising source of type-I collagen. Current Trends in Biotechnology and 

Pharmacy, 10(4), 374–383.

 

Song, E., Yeon Kim, S., Chun, T., Byun, H. J., & Lee, Y. M. (2006). Collagen scaffolds derived from 

a marine source and their biocompatibility. Biomaterials, 27(15), 2951–2961.

 

Song, H. P., Kim, B., Jung, S., Choe, J. H., Yun, H., Kim, Y. J., & Jo, C. (2009).

Effect of gamma and electron beam irradiation on the survival of pathogens inoculated into salted, 

seasoned, and fermented oyster. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 42(8), 1320–1324.

 

Starborg, T., Lu, Y., Kadler, K. E., & Holmes, D. F. (2016). Electron microscopy of collagen fibril 

structure in vitro and in vivo including three-dimensional reconstruction. Methods in Cell Biology, 

88(8), 319–345.

 

Stoddart, M. J. (2011). Mammalian cell viability: Methods and protocols. Methods in Molecular 

Biology, 740, 1–6.

 

Sujithra, S., Kiruthiga, N., Prabhu, M. J., & Kumeresan, R. (2013). Isolation and determination of 

type I collagen from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) waste. International Journal of Engineering 

and Technology, 5(3), 2181–2185.

 

Swatschek, D., Schatton, W., Kellermann, J., Müller, W. E., & Kreuter, J. (2002).

Marine sponge collagen: Isolation, characterization and effects on the skin parameters surface-pH, 

moisture and sebum. European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 53(1), 107–113.

 

Tauxe, R. V. (2001). Food safety and irradiation: Protecting the public from foodborne infections. 

Emerging Infectious Diseases, 7(3), 516–521.

 

U.S. Food & Drug Administration. (n.d.). Bacteriological Analytical Manual Online.

Retrieved   October   12,   2013,   from   http://www.911emg.com/Ref   Library

ERG/FDA Bacteriological Analysis.pdf

 

 

Uitto, J., & Kouba, D. (2010). Cytokine modulation of extracellular matrix gene

expression: Relevance to fibrotic skin diseases. Journal of Dermatological Science, 24, 60–69.

 

Urano, S., Wakamoto, I., & Yamakawa, T. (2003). Electron Beam Sterilization System, Technical 

Review 40(5), 1–5.

 

Venugopal, V., Doke, S. N., & Thomas, P. (2010). Radiation processing to improve the quality of 

fishery products. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 39(5), 391–440.

 

Wang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, Q., & Li, P. (2011). Composite electrospun nanomembranes of fish scale 

collagen peptides / chito-oligosaccharides : antibacterial properties and potential for wound 

dressing. International Journal of Nanomedicine (6), 667–676.

 

WHO. (2017). High-dose irradiation : Wholesomeness of food irradiated with doses above 10 kGy. (WHO 

Technical Report Series 890). Geneva : World Health Organization.

 

Younis, A. M. (2011). The Effect of Centella Asiatica Extract on Human Periodontal Ligament 

Fibroblast Cell Line. Masters Thesis. University of Technology Malaysia.

 

Yunoki, S., Ikoma, T., Monkawa, A., Ohta, K., Tanaka, J., Sotome, S., & Shinomiya,

K. (2006). Influence of gamma irradiation on the mechanical strength and in vitro biodegradation of 

porous hydroxyapatite/collagen composite. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 89(9), 

2977–2979.

 

Zhang, J., Duan, R., Ye, C., & Konno, K. (2010). Isolation And Characterization Of Collagens From 

Scale Of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix). Journal of Food Biochemistry, 34(6), 1343–1354.

 

Zhang, Y., Su, B., Venugopal, J., Ramakrishna, S., & Lim, C. (2007). Biomimetic and bioactive nano 

fibrous scaffolds from electrospun composite nano fibers. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 

1(9), 623–638.

 

Zhang, Z., Li, G., & Shi, B. (2006). Physicochemical properties of collagen, gelatin and collagen 

hydrolysate derived from bovine limed split wastes. Journal of the

Society of Leather Technologists and Chemists, 90(1), 23–28.