UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
The Atacama Desert ofNorthem Chile, the oldest and driest nonpolar desert on the planet,
is known to harbour previously undiscovered actinobacterial taxa with the capacity to
synthesize novel natural products. In the present study, culture-dependent and cultureindependent
methods were used to :fin1:her our understanding of the extent of
actinobacterial diversity in Atacama Desert habitats. The culture-dependent studies
focused on the selective isolation, screening and dereplication of actinobacteria from high
altitude soils from Cerro Chajnantor. Several strains, notably isolates designated H9 and
H45, were found to produce new specialized metabolites. Isolate H45 synthesized six
novel metabolites, lentzeosides A-F, some of which inhibited HIV-l integrase activity.
Polyphasic taxonomic studies on isolates H45 and H9 showed that they represented new
species of the genera Lentzea and Streptomyces, respectively; it is proposed that these
strains be designated as Lentzea chajnantorensis sp. nov. and Streptomyces aridus sp.
nov.. Additional isolates from sampling sites on Cerro Chajnantor were considered to be
nuclei of novel species of Actinomadura, Amycolatopsis, Cryptosporangium and
Pseudonocardia.
A majority of the isolates produced bioactive co:mpounds that inlnbited the growth
of one or rmre strains from a panel of six wild type microorganisms while those screened
against Bacillus subtilis reporter strains inhibited sporulation and cell envelope, cell wall,
DNA and fatty acid synthesis.
Initial culture- independent studies were carried out to establish the extent of
actinobacterial diversity in a range of hyper- and extreme hyper-arid Atacama Desert
soils. Community DNA extracted from soil collected from the sampling sites was
surveyed for actinobacteria by 454 pyrosequencing; rarefaction analyses indicated good
coverage at rmst of the sites. The results revealed an amazing and unexpected taxonomic
diversity at the ranks of order, family and genus, much of it novel The total number of
genera, for instance, is 328, of which around 40% could not be assigned to validly
published genera. Rank abundancy profiles indicated that much of this diversity can be
attnbuted to low abundancy taxa. Similar results were obtained from community DNA
extracted from surface and subsurface soil samples collected at three different altitudes
on Cerro Chajnantor. Actinobacterial community structure at these sampling sites was
influenced by altitude and sampling depth, as wen as several environmental variables that
included conductivity, pH, redox potential and organic matter content.
It is evident from these studies that the Atacama Desert landscape abounds in
novel actinobacterial taxa that synthesize a broad range of specialized metabolites that
can be developed as drug leads. |
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