UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||
| Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
| Tujuan kajian ini untuk menganggarkan kadar pulangan pendidikan dengan menggunakan
data keratan rentas dan panel pseudo. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan data
Bancian Pendapatan Isi rumah dari tahun 1995 hingga 2014 di Malaysia yang dibekalkan oleh
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (DOSM). Analisis kajian ini menggunakan teori modal insan
melalui penggunaan Model Persamaan Mincer. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pertambahan satu
tahun persekolahan akan meningkatkan kadar pulangan sebanyak 20.7 peratus setahun pada
tahun 1995 dan berkurang kepada 13 peratus setahun pada tahun 2014. Sementara itu, pertambahan
dalam setahun pengalaman pula meningkatkan pendapatan sebanyak
4.5 peratus pada tahun 1995 dan berkurang kepada 1.9 peratus pada tahun 2014 bagi data keratan
rentas. Kadar pulangan pendidikan bagi pertambahan setahun bersekolah yang dianggarkan
menggunakan data panel pseudo ialah sebanyak 21 peratus setahun pada tahun 1995 dan menurun
kepada 11.6 peratus pada tahun 2014. Manakala pertambahan satu tahun pengalaman
meningkatkan pendapatan antara 1.5 hingga 3 peratus bagi tempoh yang sama. Dapatan
kajian juga menunjukkan berlaku penurunan dalam kadar pulangan kepada pendidikan kesan
daripada kemajuan ekonomi sesebuah negara. Kesimpulannya, data keratan rentas dan data pseudo
menyokong teori modal insan. Perbezaan dapatan kadar pulangan dengan menggunakan data keratan
rentas dan data pseudo panel adalah kecil. Walau bagaimanapun, pembentukan data pseudo panel
yang berkualiti memerlukan data keratan rentas yang lebih besar untuk membuat anggaran yang lebih
konsisten.
Kata kunci: Pulangan Pendidikan, Modal Manusia, Model Insan, Data Panel Pseudo
|
| References |
Anand, S (1983). Inequality and poverty in Malaysia measurement and decomposition. New York: Oxford University Press.
Armando, S. V., Veronica, V. R., Diego, A., Roman, & Ana, L. H. M. (2016). Determinants of women’s hours worked in Mexico: A pseudo panel approach (2005-2010). CEPAL Review N° 120. (30 January, 2018)
Aysit, T. & Yousef, D. (2011). “Comparative essay on returns to education in Palestine And Turkey”.
Becker, G. S (1964). Human capital. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research.
Clark, A (2003). Returns to human capital investment in a transition economy: The case of Russia, 1994-1998. International Journal of Manpower, vol. 24 Issue: 1, pp. 11-30. https://doi.org/101108/01437720310464945 (17 Mac, 2018)
Gabriel, P. E. & Schmitz, S. (2005). A not on occupational variations in the returns to education in the US labor market. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 26 Issue: 5, pp.450-456. https://doi.org/10.1108/01437720510615134 (17 Mac, 2018)
Chung, T. P (2003). Returns to education: Updates for Malaysia. Applied Economics Letters 10:837-841.
Chung, T. P (2004). The returns to education and training: Evidence from the Malaysian family life surveys. Pacific Economic Review 9(2):103-116.
Fauzi, H., Jamal, A. & Mohd Saifoul, Z. N. (2014). Kaedah penyelidikan dan analisis data SPSS. Kedah: Universiti Utara Malaysia.
Guillerm, M (2017). Pseudo?panel methods and an example of application to household wealth data. Department of Statistical Methods. (18 January, 2018)
Higgins, N. O (2010). It’s not that I’m a racist, it’s that they are Rome: Roma discrimination and returns to education in South Easter Europe. International Journal of Manpower, Vol. 31 Issue: 2, pp.163-187. https://doi.org/101108/01437721011042250 (17 Mac,2018)
Himaz, R. & Aturupane, H. (2015) Returns to education in Sri Lanka : A Pseudo- Panel approach. Published in the Education Economics24(3) 2015-01-30. (22 January, 2018).
Heckman, J. J (1999). Doing It Right: Job Training and Education. Public Interest 135: 86-107.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2018). Produktiviti buruh suku keempat 2017. Malaysia. (22 February, 2018).
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2017). Statistik Utama Tenaga Buruh di Malaysia, September 2017. Malaysia. (6 February, 2018)
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2016). Jabatan Statistik Permintaan dan Penawaran Tenaga Buruh. Malaysia. (27 January, 2018)
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2016). Laporan Penyiasatan Pendapatan Isi Rumah dan Kemudahan Asas. Malaysia. (28 December, 2017)
Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2018). Tahap pendidikan di Malaysia. https://www.moe.gov.my/index.php/my/
Krueger, A. B. & Lindahl, M. (2001). Education for growth: Why and for whom? Journal of Economic Literature, 39 , 1101–1136.
Lin, X. & Gunderson, M. (2013). Credential effects and the returns to education in China. Labour 27 (2) 225-248. (24 October 2017)
Lucas, R. E (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics. 22, 3-42.
Mincer, J (1974). Schooling, experience and earnings. New York: Columbia University Press.
Mohd Nahar, M. A (2016). Return to education by Ethnicity: A case of Malaysia. Journal of economic and management 10(1): 141-154. (27 February, 2018)
Mohd Najib, T. A. R (2011). Ucapan Bajet Tahun 2011. (6 February, 2018) Mohd Najib, T. A. R (2015). Ucapan Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh. (6 February, 2018)
Muhammad Ziyad, I. L (2015). Analisis kadar pulangan pendidikan mengikut aliran pendidikan di Negeri Selangor. Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia ke-10. (22 January, 2018)
Najia (2015). Does Human Capital Cause Economic Growth?. Advances in Management & Applied Economics, vol. 5, no.3, 2015, 27-35.
Nanthakumar, L., Nur Azura, S. & Mohd Fikri, M. (2009). Pulangan pelaburan sosial pendidikan negeri maju-kurang maju Malaysia. Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia (PERKEM IV). (18 January, 2018).
Naziatul, A. M. R., Rahmah, I. & Poo, B. T. (2012). Kadar pulangan pendidikan mengikut jantina di Malaysia. Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia ke VII. (18 January, 2018)
Ngo, J. Y., Muhamad Roslan, O., Mohd Mahzan, A., Faridah, M. K. & Abdul Razaq, A. (2014). Tren guna tenaga buruh mengikut sektor pekerjaan dan tahap pendidikan dari tahun 2001 hingga 2012. Paper presented at the International Social Development Conference (ISDC2014), on August 12 - 13, 2014 at The Bayview Hotel, Langkawi Island, Malaysia.
Nik, A. W., Rahmah, I. & Ishak, Y. (2011). Analisis penentuan perbezaan upah mengikut kemahiraan di Malaysia. Jurnal Teknologi, 56 (sains sosial).
Noraini, I (2013). Penyelidikan dalam pendidikan. Edisi ke-2. Selangor. Malaysia:Mc Graw-Hill Educattion Sdn. Bhd.
Nor Hamiza, M. G., Rahmah, I. & Ishak, Y. (2009). Analisis kadar pulangan persekolahan pekerja sektor pendidikan swasta di Malaysia. Persidangan Kebangsaan Ekonomi Malaysia (PERKEM IV). (18 January, 2018).
OECD (1999). Human capital investment: An international comparison. Paris: Centre For Education Research and Innovation.
Owen, A. L., Yu, B. Y. & College, H. (2003). Wage inequality between skilled and unskilled workers in China. http://academic.hamilton.adu/economics/home/workpap/0304pdf
Psacharopoulos, G. & Patrinos, H.A. (2004). Returns to investment in education: A further update. Journal of Education Economics 12(2).
Rahmah, I. & Nanthakumar, L. (2007). Analisis kadar pulangan pendidikan di Malaysia. Jurnal Pendidikan 32: 103-118. (18 January, 2018).
Ramlee, I (2008). The returns to education in Malaysia, 1995-2004. Thesis doctor of Philosophy.
Ramlee, I (2009). The impact of schooling reform on returns to education in Malaysia. Perak: Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. (27 February, 2018)
Ramlee, I., Jamal @ Nordin, Y. & Marinah, A. (2016). Analisis data dan pelaporan dengan menggunakan SPSS. Perak: Uiversiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris.
Raze, N. S (2015). Terlebih pendidikan dan inflasi pendidikan dalam sektor awam di Putrajaya. Jurnal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 8, Issue 3. (20 September, 2017)
Romer, P. M (1986). Increasing returns and long-run growth. Journal of Political economy, 94 (5), 1002-1037.
Romer, P. M (1990). Endogenouse technological change. Journal Of Political Economy, 98(5), 71-102.
Ruiz, A. C., Gomez, L. N. & Narvaez, M. R (2010). Endogenous wage determinants and returns to education in Spain. International Journal of Manpower, vol. 31 Issue: 4, pp.410-425, https://doi.org/10.1108/01437721011057001. (17 Mac, 2018)
Rumman, K (2018). Assessing cohort aggregation to minimise bias in pseudo- panels. Centre for Research in Economic Development and International Trade, University of Nottingham. (30 January, 2018)
Schultz, T. P (1961). Investments in human capital. American Economic Review. 51(1) 1-17.
Smith, A (1776). The wealth of nations. The modern Library. © 1937 Random House, Inc.
Solow, R. M (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. Quarterly Journal Economic, 70, 65-94.
Sook, T. F., Ishak & Rahmah, I. Y. (2013). Pulangan pendidikan antara generasi di Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia 47(1) 2013 41 – 52. (7 February, 2018)
Spence, A. M (1973). Job market signalling. Journal of Economics 87(3): 355-374.
Tadaro dan Smith (2011). Economic development. Eleventh edition. Pearson Educataion Limited.
Tadaro dan Smith (2015). Economic development. Twelfth edition. Pearson Educataion Limited.
Tsai C. H (2013). A longitudinal study on the linkage between public transport demand and land use characteristics: a pseudo panel approach. Doctor of Philosophy in the Business School. University of Sydney, Australia.
Unit Perancang Ekonomi (2017). Rancangan Malaysia Kesepuluh 2011- 2015. Putrajaya: Jabatan Perdana Menteri. (28 December, 2017).
Unit Perancang Ekonomi (2017). Rancangan Malaysia Kesebelas 2016-2020. Putrajaya: Jabatan Perdana Menteri. (28 December, 2017).
Unit Perancangan Ekonomi & Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia (2018). https://www.dosm.gov.my Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris (UPSI). Tanjung Malim, Perak.
Warunsiri, S., & Mcnown, R. (2010). The returns to education in Thailand: A pseudo-panel approach. World Development Vol 38, No. 11, 1616-1625. (24 October 2017)
Verbeek, M (2008). Pseudo-panels and repeated cross-sections. L. M aty as, P. Sevestre (eds.), The Econometrics of Panel Data, © Springer. (14 February, 2018)
Wong, K. H. J., Yan T. C. & Nga, J. L. H. (2011). Kemiskinan dan pendidikan: kesan dan cabaran dalam kalangan belia Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Youth Studies.
Zulkifly, O., Ishak, Y. & Abu Hassan, S. M. N. (2010). Inflasi pendidikan mengikut ketentuan dalam pasaran buruh Malaysia. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia 44: 61- ebruary, 2018)
|
| This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |