UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Surfactants and bioaerosols are components of air pollutants in the atmospheric
particulate matter (PM) that significantly contribute to the level of air pollution. This
study was conducted to determine the composition of surfactants and bioaerosols in the
atmospheric PM from urban area (Ipoh), sub-urban (Tanjung Malim) and marine area (Manjung)
at Perak. Atmospheric PM samples were collected using a high-volume air sampler (HVAS) with a
flow rate of 1.13 m3 min-1 in 24 h basis. Samples were collected based on size fraction of fine
(< 1.5 µm) and coarse (>1.5 µm) mode particles. The concentrations of anionic surfactants
as Methylene Blue Active Substances (MBAS) were determined by using colorimetric method.
Principal component analysis (PCA) with multiple linear regressions (MLR) was used to
identify the possible sources of MBAS based on the ionic composition. For
bioaerosols analysis, samples were collected in Tanjung Malim only and cultured by
spread-plate technique on selective media followed by colonies counting (CFU/m-3). Results
from this study indicated that Manjung has the highest average concentration of MBAS compare
to Tanjung Malim and Ipoh (188.62 ± 13.73), (159.95 ± 12.65) and (151.29 ± 12.30)
pmol m-3
respectively. Overal , the concentration of surfactants at al sampling location
was dominated by fine mode (< 1.5 µm) rather than coarse mode (>1.5 µm) particles. For
bioaerosols composition, fungal shows higher mean concentration than bacterial with
(111.23 ± 100.64) CFUm-3. FeSEM image show majorly the pollutants had differe nt particles
shape and size that might represent the origin of those particulate. This can be concluded
that the composition of surfactants and bioaerosols in atmospheric PM were varies based on
the studied location. This finding of chemical characterization and sources
identifications are useful in planning the effective control strategies to reduce
the emission of surfactants in atmosphere.
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