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Type :thesis
Subject :QD Chemistry
Main Author :Intan Idura Mohamad Isa
Title :Composition, source apportionment and health risk assessment of indoor particulate matter (PM2.5) in selected Malaysia training institutes
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains dan Matematik
Year of Publication :2020
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
This  study  aimed  to  determine  the  composition,  source  apportionment  and  health  risk  assessment  (HRA)  of  indoor  particulate  matter  (PM2.5)  in  selected  Malaysia  training  institutes. PM2.5 samples were collected from lecture halls, laboratories and lecturer offices in  Institut Latihan Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia Sungai Buloh (SB) and Institut Latihan Kementerian   Kesihatan  Malaysia  Sultan  Azlan  Shah  (SAS).  Sampling  were  conducted over a period of eight  hours sampling for five consecutive days with a total number of 30 samples. The samples were  collected on 47 mm micro fiber glass filter paper (0.2 µm pore size,  Whatman)  using  low  volume   air  sampler  (LVS)  at  5  L  min?¹  flow  rate.  The composition  of  PM2.5   for  water-soluble   ionic  species  (WSIS)  and  trace  metals  were determined   using   ion   chromatography   (IC)    and   inductively   coupled   plasma-mass spectrometry  (ICP-MS),  respectively.  Source   apportionment  of  PM2.5   was  determined using the combination of Principal Component Analysis  and Multiple Linear Regression (PCA-MLR) receptor model. HRA was conducted to evaluate the  potential health hazard to adolescent and adult groups in the institutes. The result showed that  the mean of PM2.5 at SB (51.39 ± 29.95 µg m?³) was higher than SAS (45.83 ± 20.47 µg m?³). However,  most of WSIS and trace metals were found higher at SAS compared to SB. PCA-MLR results identified   four factors,  where the  main  sources  of  PM2.5  in SB and  SAS  were  biomass burning (48%) and  building material / crustal origin (81%), respectively. The adult group has higher hazard index  (HI) and incremental lifetime carcinogenic risk (ILCR) values than adolescent group for both  institutes. In conclusion, these two institutes have moderate level of  air  quality,  but  they   have  the  potential  to  develop  adverse  health  effects.  As  an implication, this study has  provided a holistic view of indoor air quality, hence the effective control strategies need to be  implemented to enhance indoor air quality for the comfort of all building occupants.  

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