UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
Problem Based Learning (PBL) is believed be able to promote higher order thinking,
better problem solving skills and analytical thinking towards biology learning.This
study employed problem-based learning in a Pre-University biology class (N=80) in a
private college in Malaysia. The important aspect of the research is to elicit students'
natural inquiry by collecting their questions addressing problem scenario and
categorization of those questions. As part of their syllabus, the problem is based on
topics Inheritance and Genetic Technology which arouse their interest to learn thru
PBL. The purpose of the study was to investigate (a) the individually generated
questions and group generated questions based on Bloom's taxonomy, (b) the
comparisons of types of questions that students asked individually and collaboratively
based on Bloom's taxonomy, and (c) explore students' reflection in learning through
the PBL approach which has guided them in knowledge construction. Data sources
included field notes, students' written documents working in groups, and individually.
The results suggest that the students' were able to generate questions of higher order
thinking when working collaboratively especially in higher order thinking domain.
The independent t test resulted significant difference when questions generated as
individual and group generated with significant difference (t: 2.437) p=O.O 15
(knowledge) with a mean difference 0.101 and (t-3.219) p=O.OOO (analysis) with a
mean difference -0.128; therefore both value is p |
References |
Abdul Hak, Nora (2004) PEL promotes teamwork among students: an experience in Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws, IIUM In: Workshop on Problem Based Leaming, December 2004, Ahmad Ibrahim Kulliyyah of Laws (Unpublished Article).
Abdullah, S., Omar, M. Z., Sahari, J. & Abd Wahab, D. (2006): The infusion of Lifelong Leaming Skills through PBL in Engineering Design Courses. Prosiding Seminar Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Berkesan 2006, UKM.
Abimbola, 1.0. (1998). Teachers' Perceptions of Important and Difficult Content. Journal of Functional Education 1 (1), 10-12.
Ahmad, H. A. & Siti, N. K. R. (2008) Problem-Based Leaming in Physics Education: A Study on Engineering Students. Proceedings of Seminar Kebangsaan Aplikasi Sains dan Matematik 2008 (SKASM2008), Johar Malaysia.
Agran, M., Gilberts, G.H., Hughes, C., & Wehmeyer, M. (2003). The effects of peer delivered self-monitoring strategies on the participation of students with severe disabilities in general education classrooms. Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, 15, 79-91.
AIM (2009). The blueprint "Agenda on Innovative Malaysian", National Taskforce on Innovative Human Capital (JKMIIN): MOHE, Malaysia.
Allen, D. E., Duch, B.J., & Groh, S.E. (2001). Strategies for using groups. In: Duch, B.J., Groh, S.E., Allen, D.E. (Eds.), The Power of Problem-Based Learning: A Practical 'How To' for Teaching Undergraduate Courses in Any Discipline. Sterling, VA: Stylus Publications.
Auerbach, C. F. & Louise B. S. (2003). Qualitative Data: An Introduction to Coding and Analysis. New York: New York University Press.
Baharom, S. & Saad, M.I.M. (2009). Feedback and Reflection through the e-Leaming Platform: A Window into Students' Acquisition of Soft-Skills. Malaysian Journal of Educational Technology, 9(2), 33-43.
Barrows, H.S. (1986). A taxonomy of problem-based learning methods. Medical Education, 20, 481-486.
Barrow, H. S. & Tamblyn, R.N. (1980). Problem based learning: An approach to medical education. New York: Springer.
Barrows, H. S. & Tamblyn, R. M. (1976). An evaluation of problem-based learning in small groups utilizing a simulated patient, Journal of Medical Education, 51, 52-54.
Belland, B. R.; French, B. F.; & Ertmer, P. A. (2009) "Validity and Problem-Based Leaming Research: A Review of Instruments Used to Assess Intended Leaming Outcomes. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-based Learning, 3(1), 5.
Bickman, L., & Rog, D.J. (1998). Handbook of applied social research methods. London: Sage Publications.
Boud, D. J. & Feletti, G. (1991). The Challenge of Problem Based learning. Kogan Page: London.
Boud, D. J. (1985) Problem-based learning in perspective. In: Boud, D.J,. Problem based learning in education for the professions. Sydney: Higher Education Research and Development Society of Australasia.
Bloom, B. S. (1956) Taxonomy of Educational Objectives, the classification of educational goals - Handbook I: Cognitive Domain New York: McKay
Blumberg, B. (2000). "Evaluating the Evidence That Problem-Based Learners are Self-Directed Learners: A Review of the Literature." In D. H. Evensen and C. E. Hmelo (Eds.), Problem-Based Learning: A Research Perspective on Learning Interactions. Mahwah, N.J.: Erlbaum, 199- 226.
Bybee, J. L. (2002). Cognitive processes in grammaticalization. In Thomasello, M. (Ed) The New Psychology of Language, Volume II. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Cheaney, J. & Thomas S. I. (2005). "Problem-based Learning in an Online Course: A Case Study," International Review of Research in Open and Distance Leaming. Retrieved from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/267/433. Last accessed 12 January 2011.
Chin, C., & Chia, L. G. (2004). Problem-based learning: Using students' questions to drive knowledge construction. Science Education, 88(5), 707- 727.
Daniel D. C. (1992). Teaching critical thinking skills in the biology & environmental science classrooms. The American Biology Teacher, 54(8), 464-468.
DeHaan, R. L. (2009). Teaching creativity and inventive problem solving in science. CBE-Life Sciences Education, 8(3), 172-181.
Donham R. S., Schmieg F. I., & Allen D. E. (2001). The large and the small of it: A case study of introductory biology courses. In: Duch B. J., Groh S. E., Allen D. E., editors. The Power of Problem-Based Learning: A Practical 'How To' for Teaching Courses in Any Discipline. Stylus; Sterling, VA: 2001.
Escotet, M. A. (1995). "A Teacher-Centered University Education: Is the Core University Culture Different between Developed and Developing Countries?" Paper Presented at Comparative and International Education Society Annual Meeting, Boston, Massachusetts, Retrieved on 28-12-2011, http://www.miguelescotet.com/docs/A%20TeacherCentered%20University%2 OEducation.pdf
Edwards, S. (2003). "The curriculum is... ' Early childhood educators' conceptions of curriculum and developmentally appropriate practice: a comparative case study across two Victorian early childhood educational settings', Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Monash University, Australia.
Evensen, D. H., Salisbury-Glennon, J. D., & Glenn, J. (2001) "A Qualitative Study of Six Medical Students in a Problem-Based Curriculum: Toward a Situated Model of Self-Regulation." Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(4), 659- 676.
Ertrner, P., & Newby, T. (1996). The expert learner: Strategic, self-regulated and reflective, Instructional Science, 24, 1-24.
Exploring Bioethic, National Department of Health, Department of Bioethics. Retrieved from: http://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih9/bioethics/ guide/teaching.htm (20/11/1 1).
Fauziah, S., Hanafi, A., Rozhan, M. I. & Hisham, D. (2004). Problem-Based Learning: A Study of the Web-Based Synchronous Collaboration. Malaysian Online Journal of Instructional Technology, 1(2), 1-2.
Gallagher, S.A. (1997). Problem-based learning: Where did it come from, what does it so, and where it is going. Journal for Education of the Gifted, 20(4), 332- 362.
Gallagher, S. A., Stepien, W. J., & Rosenthal, H. (1992). The effects of problem based learning on problem solving. Gifted Child Quarterly. 36(4), 195-200.
Gabr Hala, & Mohamed Nearmat. (2010). Effects of problem-based learning on undergraduate nursing students enrolled in nursing administration course. International Journal of Academic research, 3(1), 154-164.
Gibbons, P. (2002) Scaffolding Language Scaffolding Leaming, Heinemann, Portsmouth.
Hammond, J., & Gibbons, P. (2001). What is scaffolding? In J. Hammond (Ed.), Scaffold: Teaching and learning in language and literacy education. Sydney: Primary English Teaching Association, 24-31.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E., & Lin, X. (2000). The development of self-directed learning strategies in problem-based learning. In Evensen, D., and Hmelo, C.E. (Eds.), Problem-Based Learning:Research Perspectives on Learning Interactions, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
Hmelo-Silver, C.E. (2004). "Problem-Based Learning: What and how do students learn?" Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235-266.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E. & Barrows, H. S. (2008). Facilitating collaborative knowledge building. Cognition and Instruction. 26(1), 48-94.
Hung, W., Bailey, J.H. & Jonassen, D.H. (2003). Exploring the Tensions of Problem Based Learning: Insights from Research. In Knowlton, D.S. & Sharp, D.C. (Eds.), Problem Based Learning in the Information Age. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
Hung, W. (2009). The 9-step problem design process for problem-based learning: Application of the 3C3R VB Model, Educational Research Review, 4, 118- 141.
Johnstone, A.H., & Mahmond, N.A. (1980). Isolating Topics of High Perceived Difficult in School Biology. Journal of Biology Education. 14 (2), 163-165.
Kass, H., & MacDonald, A. L. (I 999). The learning contribution of student self directed building activity in science. Science Education, 83(4), 449 - 471.
Korthagen, F. A. J (2001). Linking practice and theory: The pedagogy of realistic teacher education. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Lai, P. & Tang, C. (1999) Constraints affecting the implementation of a problem based learning (PBL) Strategy in University Courses. Implementing Problem Based Learning Project: Proceedings of the First Asia Pacific Coriference on Problem Based Learning (pp. 193-200). Hong Kong: The University Grants Committee of Hong Kong, Teaching Development Project on Enhancing Health Science Education through Problem Based Learning.
Lising L, & Elby A (2005). The impact of epistemology on learning: A case study from introductory physics. American Journal Physical and Physics Education, 73(4), 3,72-382.
Lin, M. & Lucey, T. A. (2010, September-November). Individual and Group Reflection ' vategies: What We Learned from Pre-service Teachers. Multicultural Education, 18(1), 51-54.
Lynda and Megan. (2002), Authentic Problem-Based Leaming: Rewriting Business Education, Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd, Singapore.
Major, C. H., & Palmer, B.(200 I) "Assessing the Effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning in Higher Education: Lessons from the Literature." Academic Exchange Quarterly, 5(1), 4- 8.
Mala-Maung, Azman A. and Abas, Z. W. (2004). Utilisation of different resources for self-directed learning by students undergoing an integrated problem-based medical curriculum. Proceedings at International Conference on Assessment in Medical Education: Asian and International Perspectives. University of Hong Kong, October 2004
Markowitz, D., DuPre, M., Holt, S., Chen, S., Wischnowski, M. (2008) "BEGIN Partnership: Using Problem-Based Leaming to Teach Genetics and Bioethics." American Biology Teacher, 70(7), 421-425.
Masek , Alias & Yamin, Sulaiman. (2011). Problem based learning: Adapting model of monitoring and assessment towards changing to student centred learning. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 2 (1), 9-19.
Miao, Y., Holst, S. J., Haake, J.M., & Steinmetz, R. (2000). PBL protocols: Guiding and controlling problem based learning processes in virtual learning environments. In B. Fishman & S. O'Connor-Divelbiss (Eds.), Fourth International Conference of the Learning Sciences. (pp. 232-237). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Mierson, S. (1998). A problem-based learning course in physiology for undergraduate and graduate basic science students. Advances in Physiology Education 275(Supplement) Sl6- S27.
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia. (2007). "Pelan Strategik Pendidikan Negara" Retrieved December 28, 2011, from http://www.mohe.gov.my/webkpt_v2/transformasi.php?m=&lang=ENG
Nakhleh, M.B. (1992). Why some students don't learn Chemistry. Journal of Chemical Education, 69, 191-196.
Nieswiadomy, R. (2008). Foundations of nursing research. (5th ed.) New Jersey, USA: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Norman, G. R. & Schmidt, H.G. (1992). The psychological basis of problem-based learning: A review of the evidence. Academic Medicine, 67(9), 557-565.
Norman, G. R., Brooks, L. R., Colle, C., & Hatala, H. (1998). Relative effectiveness of instruction in forward and backward reasoning. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Diego, CA.
Okebukola, P.A.O. (2005). Quality Assurances in Teacher education in Nigeria; The roles of faculties of education. Paper delivered at committees of Deans of Education in Nigerian Universities.
Ozlem Koray, A. P., Mustafa, S.M. & Muhammet 0. (2008). Enhancing problem solving skills of pre-service elementary school teachers through problem based learning. Asia-Pacific Forum on Science Learning and Teaching, 9(2), 1-2.
Palincsar, A.S., Anderson, C.A., & David, Y.M. (1993). Pursuing scientific literacy in the middle grades through collaborative problem solving. Elementary School Journal, 93 (5), 643-658.
Pepper, C. (2009). Problem based learning m science. Issues In Educational Research, 19(2), 128-141.
Rajendran Nagappan. (2000). The Teaching of Higher Order Thinking in Malaysia. Journal of Southeast Asian Education 2(1), 100-121.
Rose Amnah, A. R., Abdul, R. J., Lilia, H. & Siti, R. A. (2004). Pemupukan kemahiran Proses Sains di kalangan pelajar tingkatan dua di Sekolah Bestari. Jurnal Teknologi, 40(E), 19-32.
Sadiah Baharom., Ong, Eng Tek., Marzita Putih., Sopia Mat Yassin, NurulHuda Abd. Rahman and Muhamad Ikhwan Mat Saad, (2009). The Validation and adaptation of MLSQ aimed to assess student use of self-regulated learning. Paper presented at 1st International Coriference on Educational Research and Practice Enhancing Human Capital through Teacher Education Faculty of Educational Studies UPM.
Salimah, M. & Zaitun A.B. (2004). PBL Implementation: an Experience of the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya. Malaysian Journal of Computer Science 2(1), l-9.
Salomon, G., Globerson, T.,& Guterman, E. (1989). The computer as a zone of proximal development: Internalizing reading-related metacognitions from a Reading Partner. Journal of Educational Psychology 81: 620-627.
Savery, J. R., & Duffey, T. M. (2001). Problem based learning: An instruction model and its constructivist framework. CRLT Technical Report No. 16-01. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Center for Research on Learning and Technology.
Savin-Baden, M. (2001). The problem-based learning landscape, [Special Edition] Planet, 2, 4-6.
Savin-Baden, M. & Major, C. H. (2004). Foundations of problem-based learning. England: Open University Press McGraw Hill Education.
Schmidt, H.G. (1993). Foundations of problem-based learning: Some explanatory notes. Medical Education, 27, 422-432.
Schmidt, H. G., & Moust, J. H. C. (2000). Factors affecting small-group tutorial learning: A review of research. In Evensen, D., and Hmelo, C. E. (eds.), Problem-Based Learning: A Research Perspective on Learning Interactions, Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ.
Schoenfeld-Tacher, R., McConnell, S., & Kogan, L. (2004). "Taking it online - the effects of delivery medium and facilitator on student achievement in problem based learninff' American Educational Research Association Annual Meeting, San Diego, CA.
Shahrizan Baharom, Roszilah Hamid and Noraini Hamzah (2011): Implementation of Problem Based Learning in Concrete Laboratory Work. Kongres Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran (PeKA' 11). Unpublished manuscript, National University of Malaysia, (UKM).
Susan Koba & Annae Tweed. (2009). 'Hard-to-teach biology concepts: a framework to deepen student understanding'; National Science Teacher Association Press.
Sopia Md Yasin, Ong E.T., Hashimah Alimon, Sadiah Baharom & Lai, Y. Y. (2010). Teaching Science Through English: Engaging Pupils Cognitively. International CLIL Research Journal, I (3), 46-60.
Suzilawati Shamsuddin. (2007)."Kesan Penggunaan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Berasaskan Masalah Terhadap Pencapaian, Kemahiran Proses Sains Dan Motivasi Pelajar Dalam Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran Biologi" Unpublished m ster's thesis, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia.
Tan Oon-Seng (2003). Problem-based learning Innovation: Using problems to power learning in the 21'1 century. Singapore: Thomson Leaming
Tan Oon-Seng (2004). Enhancing thinking through problem-based learning approaches international perspectives. Singapore: Thomson Leaming
Tsui, C.-Y., & Treagust, D. F. (2003). Genetics reasoning with multiple external representations. Research in Science Education, 33(1), 111-135.
Torp, L and Sage, S. (2002). Problems as possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-16 education. 2nd Edition. Alexandria: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
Torp, L., & Sage, S. (1998). Problems as Possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-12 education. Alexandria, VA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
University of Delaware Problem-Based Learning Clearinghouse. Available at .https://www.mis4.udel.edu/Pbl/index.jsp. Accessed on 14th April 2011
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2005. Centre for Teaching and Learning (CTL) and Human Resource Development (HRD). http://www.ctl.utm.my (11 Nov 20 I 0).
University of Rochester Life Sciences Learning Center. Retrieved from the WWW on 2/20/11. http://lifesciences.envmed.rochester.edu.
Vogler, K. E. (2005). Improve Your Verbal Questioning, The Clearing House, 79(2). 98-103. Retrieved October 23, 2011, from Academic Research Library. (Document ID: 977221771).
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Waters, R. & McCracken, M. (1996). Problem-Based Learning in Computer Science, 5th Annual Conference on Problem-Based Learning. Available at http://fie conference.org/fie97/papers/1454.pdf (accessed 28/12/11 ).
Williams, C., Stanisstreet, M., Spall, K.E., Boyes, E. & Dickson, D.P.E. (2003).Why aren't secondary students interested in physics? Physics Education 38 (4), 324- 329.
Willis, S.C., Jones, A., Bundy, C., Burdett, K., Whithouse, C.R., & O'Neill, P.A. (2002) Small-group work and assessment in a PBL curriculum: a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of student perceptions of the process of working in small groups and its assessment. Med Teach, 24,495-501.
Winterton, J., Delamare-Le Deist, F. & Stringfellow, E. (2006). Typology of knowledge, skills and competences: Clarification of the concept and prototype. Office for Official Publication of the European Community, Luxembourg. Retrieved on December 9, 201 I, from http://www.ecotec.com/europeaninventory/publications/method/CEDEFOP_ typology.pdf
West African Examinations Council (WAEC) (1998). Chief Examiners' Report, Lagos WAEC.
West African Examinations Council (WAEC) (2002). Chief Examiners Report, Lagos (WAEC).
West African Examinations Council (WAEC) (2004). Chief Examiners Report, Lagos (WAEC).
Wehmeyer, M. L., Agran, M., & Hughes, C. (2000). A national survey of teachers' promotion of self-determination and student-directed learning. Journal of Special Education, 34, 58-68.
Wu, Y. (2006). Applying a hybrid problem-based learning method to the teaching of computer programming. The China Papers.
Zainal Alam , Siti Nurzakiah (2007) Relationship between problem-based learning experience and self-directed learning readiness. Unpublished Master's thesis, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Malaysia.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |