UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
A total of 155 actinomycete strains were isolated from Beach Ridges Interspersed with Swales (BRIS)
soils. Samples were collected at various depths from the earth surface and subsurface in Setiu
district, Terengganu. The isolates were assessed for their antibacterial activity against a
panel of microorganisms (Escherichia coli DSM30083T, Bacillus subtilis DSM10T, Pseudomonas
fluorescens DSM 50090T, Klebsiella pneumoniae DSM30104T, Micrococcus luteus
DSM20030T, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Results indicated that 65% of all isolates were
active against, at least, one of the test organisms. Thirty-three of the isolates were selected and
characterized by conventional methods and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that most of the
isolates belonged to the genus Streptomyces sp. (15 isolates) and 8 other rare genera namely
Microtetrapora sp. (5 isolates), Streptacidiphilus sp. (3 isolates), Actinoplanes sp. (3 isolates),
Microbispora sp. (2 isolates), Rothia sp. (1 isolate), Micromonospora sp. (2 isolates),
Amycolatopsis sp. (1 isolate), and Sacharopolyspora sp. (1 isolate). Isolates that showed
antibacterial activities were subjected to metabolite extraction and further analysis. Extracts
exhibited a wide range of antimicrobial activities that varied with isolates and concentration of
each extract. Thirty-nine compounds were detected both from Streptomyces sp. AA13 and
Amycolatopsis sp. AA12, and thirty-eight compounds from Micromonospora sp. AA141,
using GC-MS. Whole genome Sequence analysis conducted on isolate Amycolatopsis sp AA12
produced a total of 5,304,429 paired-end reads and 51 potential secondary metabolites
coding gene clusters. Based on the analysis of metabolites from Amycolatopsis sp. (AA12) using NMR
spectroscopy, the polyphenolic groups were isolated that including quercetin (C15H10O7),
rutoside (C27H30O16), isotrifoliin (C21H20O12), and 3, 5, 6,7,3,4 heptahydroxy
flavone. Most of the polyphenolic compounds exist as sugar conjugates. The biosynthesis of
dTDP-4-dehydrorhamnose 3, 5 -epimerase in Amycolatopsis sp. (AA12) is influenced by at least ten
genes. The DTDP-sugars, derived from glucose 1-
phosphate, are involved in the biosynthesis of polyphenolic compounds.
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