[1] Yakubu MT, Afolayan AJ. Effect of aqueous extract of Bulbine natalensis (Baker) stem on the sexual behaviour of male rats. Int J Androl. 2009; 32(6): 629-636. [CrossRef]

[2] Patel DK, Kumar R, Prasad SK, Hemalatha S. Pharmacologically screened aphrodisiac plant-A review of current scientific literature. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2011; 1(1): S131-S138. [CrossRef]

[3] Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT. Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. ExHiern) stem in male albino rats. Asian J Androl. 2005; 7(4): 399-404. [CrossRef]

[4] Kanyanga C, Wembonyama L, Muganza M, Maya M, Kabangu K. Effects of the lyophilized aqueous extract form the root bark of Perianthus Longifolia Miers (Menispermaceae ) on sexual behaviors of normal male wistar rats and its acute toxicity. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016; 5(4): 135–155. [CrossRef]

[5] Sharma P, Bhardwaj P, Arif T, Khan I, Singh R. Pharmacology, phytochemistry and safety of aphrodisiac medicinal plants : A review. J Pharmaco Toxico Stud. 2014; 2(3): 1–18.

[6] Mathur M. Herbal aphrodisiac their need, biology and status: Global and regional scenario. J Nat Prod. 2012; 5: 131-146.

[7] Kotta S, Shahid AH, Javed A. Exploring scientifically proven herbal aphrodisiacs. Pharmacogn Rev 2013; 7(13): 1 –10.

[8] Norhazlina AW, Norfilza MM, Wan Nurul Heriza AH, Das S. The effect of Eurycoma longifolia Jack on spermatogenesis in estrogentreated rats. Clinics. 2010; 65(1):93–98.

[9] Amal Salem FM, Mahanem MN. Comparative study on the effect of Eurycoma longifolia and Smilax myosotiflora on male rats fertility. AIP Conference Proceedings. 2013; 1571:227–233. [CrossRef]

[10] Nurdiana S, Zanariah A, Mohd Luqman Hakim MN, Mohd Idzham, Abu Zarin. Effect of Ficus deltoidea leaves extracts on sperm quality, LDH-C 4 activity and testosterone level in alloxan-induced male diabetic rats. IEEE Colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering. 2011.

[11] Saheera K, Munirah S, Suzanah AR. Effects on mouse spermatogenesis and DNA fragmentation following exposure to cyclophosphamide and thymoquinone. Eur Int J Sci Technol. 2013; 2(7):119–136.

[12] Nor-Raidah R, Mahanem MN. Enhancement of fertility and libido in male Sprague Dawley rats following the administration of aqueous extract of Lunasia amara. Malays Appl Biol. 2015; 44(1):125–131.

[13] Pusparanee H, Halimah AS, Mahanem MN. Effects of Gynura procumbens extract and glibenclamide on sperm quality and specific activity of testicular lactate dehydrogenase in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Malaysian J Biochem Mol Biol. 2008; 16(2):10–14.

[14] Giribabu N, Kumar KE, Rekha SS, Muniandy S, Salleh N. Chlorophytum borivilianum (Safed Musli) root extractprevents impairment in characteristics and elevation of oxidative stress in sperm of Streptozotocin-induced adult male diabetic Wistar rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014; 14(1):291.

[15] Ismail M, Mohd Zin J, Gaharu: Komoditi Khazanah. Selangor: Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, 2011.

[16] Fatmawati, Hidayat R. Anti-cancer activity of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves on human. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2016;3(1): 46–49.

[17] Bahrani H, Mohamad J, Paydar MJ, Rothan HA. Isolation and characterisation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from Aquilaria subintegra for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Curr Alzheimer Res. 2014; 11(2): 206-214. [CrossRef]

[18] Kakino M, Tazawa S, Maruyama H, Tsuruma K, Araki Y, Shimazawa M, Hara H. Laxative effects of agarwood on low-fiber diet-induced constipation in rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2010; 10(1): 68. [CrossRef]

[19] Hara H, Ise Y, Morimoto N, Shimazawa M, Ichihashi K, Ohyama M, Iinuma M. Laxative effect of agarwood leaves and its mechanism. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008; 72(2): 335–345. [CrossRef]

[20] Zhou M, Wang H, Kou J, Yu B. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg. leaves extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2008; 117(2): 345-350. [CrossRef]

[21] Dash M, Patra JK, Panda PP. Phytochemical and antimicrobial screening of extracts of Aquilaria agallocha Roxb. Afr J Biotechnol. 2008; 7: 3531-3534.

[22] Begum Y. Study on agarwood (Aquilaria malaccensis) to evaluate antibacterial and antioxidant activities of n-hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts. Pharma Tutor. 2016; 4(2): 47-50.

[23] Pranakhon R, Pannangpetch P, Aromdee C. Antihyperglycemic activity of agarwood leaf extracts in STZ-induced diabetic rats and glucose uptake enhancement activity in rat adipocytes. J Sci Technol. 2011; 33(4): 405–410.

[24] Chen D, Bi D, Song YL, Tu PF. Flavanoids from the stems of Aquilaria sinensis. Chin J Nat Med. 2012; 10(4): 287-291. [CrossRef]

[25] Yang L, Qiao L, Xie D, Yuan Y, Chen N, Dai J, Guo S. 2-(2-Phenylethyl) chromones from Chinese eaglewood.Phytochem. 2012; 76: 92-97. [CrossRef] 

 [26] Peng K, Mei WL, Zhao YX, Tan LH, Wang QH, Dai HF. A novel degraded sesquiterpene from the fresh stem of Aquilaria sinensis. J Asian Nat Prod Res. 2011; 13(10): 951-955. [CrossRef]

[27] Chen HQ, Wei JH, Yang JS, Zhang Z, Yang Y, Gao ZH, Gong B. Chemical constituents of agarwood originating from the endemic genus Aquilaria plants. Chem Biodivers. 2012; 9(2): 236-250. [CrossRef]

[28] Khalil AS, Rahim AA, Taha KK, Abdallah KB. Characterization of methanolic extracts of agarwood leaves. J Appl Indus Sci. 2013; 1(3): 78-88.

[29] Naef R. The volatile and semi?volatile constituents of agarwood, the infected heartwood of Aquilaria species: a review.Flavour Fragr J. 2011; 26(2): 73-87. [CrossRef]

 30] Chetpattananondh P. Overview of the agarwood oil industry. Proceeding of the IFEAT International Conference (pp.131–138). 2012; Singapura.

[31] Alam J, Mujahid M, Rahman M, Akhtar J, Khalid M, Jahan Y, Basit A, Khan A, Shawwal M, Iqbal SS. An insight of pharmacognostic study and phytopharmacology of Aquilaria agallocha. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2015; 5(8): 173-181. [CrossRef]

[32] Gauthaman K, Ganesan AP, Prasad RNV. Sexual effects of puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) extract (protodioscin): an evaluation using a rat model. J Altern Complement Med. 2003; 9(2): 257-265. [CrossRef]

[33] Zamblé A, Martin?Nizard F, Sahpaz S, Reynaert ML, Staels B, Bordet R, Bailleul F. Effects of Microdesmis keayana alkaloids on vascular parameters of erectile dysfunction. Phytother Res. 2009; 23(6): 892-895. [CrossRef]

[34] Yakubu MT, Akanji MA. Effect of aqueous extract of Massularia acuminata stem on sexual behaviour of male wistar rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011. [CrossRef]

[35] Silva CV, Borges FM, Velozo ES. Phytochemistry of some Brazilian plants with aphrodisiac activity. In: Phytochemicals. 2012. [CrossRef]

[36] Dasofunjo K, Asuk AA, Ezugwu HC, Nwodo OFC, Olatunji TL. Aphrodisiac effect of ethanol extract of Piliostigma thonningii leaf on male albino wistar rats. J Appl Pharm Sci. 2013; 3(10): 130-135. [CrossRef]

[37] Wawata AU, Dikko AAU, Olorunshola KV, Wawata MU, Attahir A, Ahmed MK. The effect of aqueous methanolic stem bark extracts of Acacia polyacantha on sexual behaviour, serum testosterone levels in male wistar rats. Asian J Med Sci. 2010; 2(3): 138-140.

[38] Nchegang B, Mezui C, Longo F, Nkwengoua Z E, Amang A P, Tan PV. Effects of the aqueous extract of Eremomastax speciosa (Acanthaceae) on sexual behavior in normal male rats. Biomed Res Int. 2016; Article ID 9706429. [CrossRef]

[39] Fouche G, Afolayan AJ, Wintola OA, Khorombi TE, Senabe J. Effect of the aqueous extract of the aerial parts of Monsonia angustifolia E. Mey. Ex A. Rich., on the sexual behaviour of male Wistar rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015; 15(1): 343. [CrossRef]

[40] Yakubu MT, Awotunde OS, Ajiboye TO, Oladiji AT, Akanji MA. Pro?sexual effects of aqueous extracts of Massularia acuminata root in male Wistar rats. Andrologia. 2011; 43(5): 334-340. [CrossRef]

[41] Yakubu MT, Quadri AL. Garcinia kola seeds: Is the aqueous extract a true aphrodisiac in male Wistar rats? Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med. 2012; 9(4): 530-535.

[42] Balamurugan G, Muralidharan P, Polapala S. Aphrodisiac activity and curative effects of Pedalium murex (L.) against ethanol-induced infertility in male rats. Turk J Biol. 2010; 34: 153–163.

[43] Patel DK, Kumar R, Laloo D, Sairam K, Hemalatha S. Aphrodisiac activity of ethanolic extract of Pedalium murex Linn fruit. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012; 2(3): S1568-S1571. [CrossRef]

[44] Chauhan NS, Saraf DK, Dixit VK. Effect of vajikaran rasayana herbs on pituitary–gonadal axis. Eur J Integr Med. 2010; 2(2), 89-91. [CrossRef]

[45] Thakur M, Dixit VK. Aphrodisiac activity of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D. Don) Soo in male albino rats. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2007; 4(S1): 29-31.

[46] Kazmi I, Afzal M, Rahman M, Gupta G, Anwar F. Aphrodisiac properties of Polygonatum verticillatum leaf extract. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2012; 2: S841-S845. [CrossRef]

[47] Carro-Juarez M, Franco MA, Rodriguez-Pena MDL. Increase of the ejaculatory potency by the systemic administration of aqueous crude extracts of cihuapatli (Montanoa genus) plants in spinal male rats. J Evid Based Complement Altern Med. 2014; 19(1): 43–50. [CrossRef] 

[48] Nik Noor Asma NW, Nor Adila MO, Noorhuda AI, Saiful Nizam T. In vitro antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of Aquilaria malaccensis leaf extracts. J Chem Pharm Res. 2014; 6(12): 688-693.

[49] Ghan SY, Chin JH, Thoo YY, Yim HS, Ho CW. Acute oral toxicity study of Aquilaria crassna and α-Tocopherol in mice. Int J Pharm Sci Res. 2016; 7(4): 1456.

[50] Mounira M. Evaluation of toxicity in mice and rats and antioxydant activities of Ruta montana L. extracts. University Ferhat Abbas Setif 1. 2015. www.univ-setif.dz/Tdoctorat/2015/SNV/MERGHEM MOUNIRA.pdf

[51] Zade V, Dabhadkar D, Thakare V, Pare S. Evaluation of potential aphrodisiac activity of Moringa oleifera seed in male albino rats. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2013; 5(Suppl 4): 683-689.

[52] Guohua H, Yanhua L, Rengang M, Dongzhi W, Zhengzhi M, Hua Z. Aphrodisiac properties of Allium tuberosum seeds extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2009; 122(3): 579-582. [CrossRef]

[53] Mokhtari M, Zanboori M. the effects of lead acetate on sexual behavior and the level of testosterone in adult male rats. Int J Fertil Steril. 2011; 5(1): 13–20.

[54] Palaniyappan V, Kothandam H, Vasu S, Moses P, Sundaram S. Evaluation of phytoconstituents and aphrodisiac activity of the fruits of Durio zibenthinus Linn. J Pharm Res. 2009; 2(9): 1493–1495.

[55] Jamshidzadeh A, Sajedianfard J, Nekooeian AA, Tavakoli F, Omrani GH. Effects of camphor on sexual behaviors in male rats. Iran J Pharm Sci. 2006; 2(4): 209–214.

[56] Islam MW, Tariq M, Ageel AM, Al-Said MS, Al-Yhya AM. Effect of Salvia hematodes on sexual behaviour of male rats. J Ethnopharmacol. 1991; 33: 67- 72. [CrossRef]

[57] Pare SR, Zade VS, Thakare VG. Evaluation of the potential aphrodisiac activity of aqueous, chloroform and alcohol extract of Gloriosa superba in male albino rat. Int J Theor Appl Sci. 2014; 6(2): 39.

[58] Low BS, Das PK, Chan KL. Standardized quassinoid-rich Eurycoma longifolia extract improved spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats via the hypothalamic-pituitary- gonadal axis. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 145(3): 706–714. [CrossRef]

[59] Parasuraman S, Raveendran R, Kesavan R. Blood sample collection in small laboratory animals. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2010; 1(2): 87–93. [CrossRef]

[60] Hoff J. Methods of blood collection in the mouse. Lab Animal 2000; 29(10): 47–53. http://www.lawte.org/materials/hoff.pdf (accessed March 18, 2016).