UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
|
|
|
Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
In the history of Malaysia's politics, consensus is an approach adopted by all political parties. In order to obtain people's support, political co-operation is a norm between various political parties despite having different ideologies and goals. For the sake of the country's well-being, differences are set aside with the ultimate goal of getting a political mandate and power of government. In fact, political co-operation is adopted and prioritized even before independence, in the post-independence and in the new millennium. By analysing historical documents and political party files, this article wishes to unleash the history of political collaboration and co-operation undertaken by all political parties in Malaysia. Finally, political understanding and co-operation between political parties has been successful in ensuring that social harmony and national integration be achieved and also to ensure that a new Malaysia can be realized.
|
References |
1. Beaver, J. D., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2005). Emotional conditioning to masked stimuli and modulation of visuospatial attention. Emotion, 5, 67–79. 2. Calvo, M., Avero, P., & Lundqvist, D. (2006). Facilitated detection of angry faces: Initial orientation and processing efficiency. Cognition and Emotion, 20, 785?811. 3. Fernandes Jr., O., Portugal, L.C.L., Alves, R.C.S., Campagnoli, R.R., Mocaiber, I., David, I.P.A., Erthal, F.C.S., Volchan, E., Oliveira, L. and Pereira, M. (2013). How you perceive threat determines your behavior. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience. Vol. 7, article 632. 4. Field, A. (2009). Discovering Statistics Using SPSS. (Third Edition). London: SAGE Publications Ltd. 5. Fox, E., Lester, V., Russo, R., Bowless, R.J., Pichler, A., & Dutton, K. (2000). Facial Expressions of Emotions: Are Angry Faces Detected More Efficiently?. Cognition and Emotion, 14 (1), 61-92. 6. Gros, D. F., Antony, M. M., Simms, L. J., & McCabe, R. E. (2007). Psychometric properties of the State-Trait inventory for cogntiive and somatic anxiety (STICSA): Comparison to the State-Trait anxiety inventory(STAI). Psychological Assessment, 19(4), 369–381. doi:10.1037 /1040-3590.19.4.369 7. Gutierrez-Garcia, A and Calvo, M. (2016). Social anxiety and trustworthiness judgments of dynamic facial expressions of emotion. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. Vol. 52, pp. 119-127. 8. Koizumi, A., Tanaka, A. Imai, H., Hiramatsu, S., Hiramoto, E., Sato, T. & Gelder, B.D. (2011). The effect of anxiety on the interpretation of emotion in the face- voice pairs. Exp. Brain Res. DOI 10.1007/s00221-011-2668-1 9. Langner, O., Becker, E.S.,&Rinck, M. (2009). Social Anxiety and Anger Identification: Bubbles Reveal Differencial Use of Facial Information with Low Spatial Frequencies. Psychological Science,20(6), 666-670. Doi: PSCI2357 [pii] 10. Langner, O., Becker, E.S., Rinck, M. & Knippenberg, A. V. (2015). Social Anxious individuals discriminate better between angri and neutral faces, particularly when using low spatial frequency information. Jounal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry,46(6), 44-49. 11. Leber, S., Heidenreich, T., Stangier, U., & Hofmann, S.G. (2009). Processing of Facial Affect Under Social Threat in Socially Anxious Adults: Mood Matters. Depression and Anxiety. Vol. 26, 196-206. 12. LoBue, V. (2009). More than just a face in the crowd: Detection of emotional facial expressions in young children and adults. Developmental Science, 12,305-313. 13. LoBue V. What are we so afraid of? How early attention shapes our most common fears. Child Development Perspectives. 2013; 7:38–42. 14. LoBue, V. & Perez-Edgar, K. (2014). Sensitivity to social and non-social threat in temperamentally shy children atrisk for anxiety 15. LoBue, V., Matthews, K., Harvey, T. & Thrasher, C. ( 2014). Pick on someone your own size: The detection of threatening facial expressions posed by both child and adult models. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 118. 134-142. 16. Lundqvist, D., & Öhman, A. (2005). Emotion regulates attention: The relation between facial configurations,facial emotion, and visual attention. Visual Cognition, 12, 51–84. 17. MacLeod, C., Mathews, A., & Tata, P. (1986). Attentional bias in emotional disorders. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 95,15-20 18. MacLeod, C., & Mathews, A. (1988). Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Experimental Psychology, 40, 653-670. 19. Mobbs, D., Marchant, J.L., Hassabis, D., Seymour, B., Tan, G., Gray, M. (2009). From threat to fear: the neural organization of defensive fear system in human. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(39), 12236-12243. 20. Mogg, K., Bradley, B. P., & Hallowell, N. (1994). Attentional bias to threat: Roles of trait anxiety, stressful events, and awareness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47A, 841-864. 21. Mohlman, J., Carmin, C.N. & Price, R.B. (2007).Jumping to interpretations: Social anxiety disorder and the identification of emotional facial expressions. BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY Volume:45, Issue: 3 Pages: 591-599 22. Nadeem, M., Ali, A., Maqbool, S. & Zaidi, S.U. (2012). Impact of anxiety on the academic achievement of students having different mental abilities at University level in Bahawalpur (Southern Punjab) Pakistan. International online journal of educational sciences, 4(3), 519-528. ISSN: 1309-2707 23. Oosterhof, N. N., &Todorov, A. (2008).The functional basis of face evaluation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105(32), 11087–92. doi:10.1073/pnas.0805664105 24. Philippot, P., & Douilliez, C.(2005). Social phobics do not misinterpret facial expression of emotion. Behavior Research and Therapy, 43, 639–652. 25. Pollak, S. D., Cicchetti, D., Homung, K., & Reed, A. (2005). Recognizing emotion in faces: Developmental effects of child abuse and neglect. Developmental Psychology, 36, 679–688. 26. Quigley, L., Nelson, A. L., Carriere, J., Smilek, D.,& Purdon, C. (2012). The effects of trait and state anxiety on attention to emotional images: An eye-tracking study. Cognition & Emotion, 26(November 2013), 1–22. http://doi.org/10.1080/02699931. 2012 .662892 27. Richard, H.J, Hadwin, J.A., Benson, V., Wenger, M.J. & Donnelly, N. (2011). The influence of anxiety on processing capacity for threat detection. Psychon Bull Rev, 18:883-889. DOI 10.3758/s13423- 011-0124-7 28. Mustapha, R., Shahadan, M.A., Abdul Wahab Khan, R.K., Stephan, I & Archer, M. (2017). Students' anxiety: An examination of the perception of facial threat and perceived paternal and maternal parenting style. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers & Teacher Education. Vol. 7, No. 2, December 2017, 19-32 29. Schofield, C.A., Johnson, A.L., Inhoff, A.W. & Coles, M.E. (2012) Social anxiety and difficulty disengaging threat: Evidence from eye-tracking. Cognition and Emotion: vol. 26 (2), pp.300-311. 30. Schofield, C.A., Coles, M.E., & Gibb, B.E. (2007). Social anxiety and interpretation biases for facial displays of emotion: Emotion detection and ratings of social cost. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 2950–2963 31. Spielberger, C. D. (1983). Manual for the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). PaloAlto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press. 32. Weiser, M. J. and Moscovitch, D.A. (2015). The Effect of Affective Context on Visuocortical Processing of Neutral Faces in Social Anxiety. Front. Psychol. vol. 6, pp. 1824. 33. Yoon, K.L. &Zinbarg, R.E. (2008). Interpreting Neutral Faces as Threatening is a Default Mode for Socially Anxious Individuals. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. Vol. 117, No. 3, 680–685 0021-843X/08/$12.00 DOI:10.1037/0021-843X.117.3.68026 (2), pp.300-311.
|
This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials. You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research. |