UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
Start | FAQ | About

QR Code Link :

Type :thesis
Subject :GV Recreation Leisure
Main Author :Raymie A.Bakar
Title :Kesan penerapan model latihan olahraga permainan kanak-kanak terhadap prestasi lari pecut atlet sekolah di negeri Sabah
Place of Production :Tanjong Malim
Publisher :Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan
Year of Publication :2018
Corporate Name :Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
PDF Guest :Click to view PDF file
PDF Full Text :Login required to access this item.

Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
Kajian kuasi eksperimental ini adalah bertujuan untuk menguji kesan dan kekekalan Model Latihan Olahraga Permainan (MLOP) yang telah dibangunkan dalam kajian ini dan dibandingkan dengan Latihan Konvensional. Kesan dan kekekalan MLOP dan Latihan Konvensional dinilai menggunakan parameter lari pecut iaitu masa reaksi, pecutan pada jarak 10 meter, 20 meter, 30 meter, panjang langkahan pada jarak pecutan 30 meter, frekuensi langkahan pada jarak pecutan 30 meter dan lari pecut 100 meter. Kajian ini melibatkan 44 atlet muda dipilih secara rawak dan diagihkan secara seimbang di antara kumpulan rawatan MLOP dan Latihan Konvensional sebagai kumpulan kawalan. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan ujian-T sampel bebas, ANCOVA dan ujian-T ukuran berulangan. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan kesan program MLOP (M =. 006, SD = .000) dapat memperbaiki masa reaksi secara signifikan pada pascaujian 1 dengan nilai t(42)=2.868, p=.00, p?.05 berbanding dengan Latihan Kovensional (M = .007, SD = .000). Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan terdapat peningkatan signifikan melalui MLOP terhadap pencapaian prestasi frekuensi langkahan pada jarak pecutan 30 meter pada pascaujian 1 dengan nilai t(42)=2.178, p=.03, p?.05 dengan skor Min (M = 7.751, SD = .726) berbanding Latihan Konvensional (M = 7.187, SD =.972). Manakala bagi aspek kekekalan program latihan antara pascaujian 1 dan pascaujian 2 hampir keseluruhan komponen parameter lari pecut tidak menunjukkan kekekalan pencapaian prestasi, kecuali bagi parameter masa reaksi terdapat kekekalan yang signifikan menerusi Latihan Konvensional dengan nilai t(21)=6.777, p=.00, p?.05 dengan skor Min (pascaujian 1: M = .007, SD =.001; pascaujian 2: M = .006, SD =.001). Implikasi kajian ini mendedahkan MLOP sesuai untuk diguna pakai oleh jurulatih di negeri Sabah untuk melatih atlet muda (13 dan 14 tahun) bagi meningkatkan prestasi parameter lari pecut khususnya bagi masa reaksi dan frekuensi langkahan pada jarak pecutan 30 meter.

References

Abd. Hafidz bin Haji Omar & Rustam Bin Hashim. (2008). Pemantauan Prestasi

Atlet Lawan Pedang Negeri Johor Bagi Sukma 2008 (Masa Reaksi Dan

Ketangkasan). Retrieved from

http://esprints.utm.my/11087/11087/1/Pemantauan Prestasi Atlet Lawan

Pedang Negeri Johor Bagi Sukma 2008. pdf.

 

ACSM. (1998). The Recommended Quantity And Quality Of Exercise For

Developing And Maintaining Cardiorespiratory And Muscular Fitness And

Flexibility In Adults. Med. Sci. Sport Exerciser., 30(6); 975-991.

 

Adams, K., O’Shea, J.P., O’Shea, K.L. & Climstein, M. (1992). The Effects Of Six

Weeks Of Squat, Plyometrics, And Ssquat Plyometric Training On Power

Production. Journal Of Applied Sports Science Research, 6, 36-41.

 

Ademola Olasupo Abbas. (2009). Comparative Effect Of Three Model Plyometric

Training On Leg Muscle Strength Of University Male Students. European

Journal Of Scientific Research. 31(4), 577-582.

 

Ahmad Hashim. (2003). Pengukuran Kecergasan Motor. Tanjung Malim: Quantum

Books.

 

Ali, A. & Majzub, R. (2011). Teaching And Learning Reading Through Play. World

Applied Journal, Vol. 14, 15-20.

 

Akgun, N. (1996). Physiology Of Exercise (6th ed). Izmir, Turkey: Ege University

Press.

 

Akarsu, Sedi, Ekan, Dane & Senol. (2009). Athletes Have Faster Eye-Hand Visual

Turkish. Journal Of Medical Sciences. Vol. 39(6), 871.

 

Anderson, J. K. (2010). The Importance Of Play In Early Chilhood Development.

Montana State University.

 

Anderst, W. J., Eksten, F. & Koceja, D.M. (1994). Effects Of Plyometric And

Explosive Resistance Training On Lower Body Power. Medicine And Science

In Sport And Exercises, 26-31.

 

Andrzejewski, M., Chmura, J. Pluta, B. Strzelczyk, R. & Kasprzak, A. (2013).

Analysis Of Sprinting Activities Of Professional Soccer Players. Journal Of

Strength And Conditioning Research: August, 27(8), 2134-2140.

 

Artwater, A. E. (1973). Cinematographic Analysis Of Human Movement. Exercise

And Sports Sciences Review 1: 217-228.

 

Asmadi Ishak. (2007). Kesan Periodisasi Model Non- Linear Latihan Pliometrik Dan

Latihan Bebanan Terhadap Kuasa Otot Kaki Pada Atlet Bola Tampar

Universiti. Diakses http://ppp.upsi.edu.my/ewacana/Kesan Periodisasi.

 

Asmussen, E. & Bonde-Peterson, F. (1974). Apparent Efficiency And Storage Of

Elastic Energy In Human Muscles During Exercise. Acta Physiologica

Scandinavian 92, 537-545.

 

Ballesteros, J. M. (1992). Basic Coaching Manual. International Amateur Athletic

Federation.

 

Bangsbo, J., Norregaard, L. & Thore, F. (1991). Activity Profile Of Competition

Soccer. Canadian Journal of Sport Sciences, 16, 110-116.

 

Behm, D. G., Wahl, M. J., Button, D. C., Power, K. E. & Anderson, K. G. (2005).

Relationship Between Hockey Skating Speed And Selected Performance

Measures. J. Strength, Cond Res, 19(2): 326-31.

 

Blanttner, S. & Noble, L. (1979). Relative Effects Of Isokinetic And Plyometric

Training On Vertical Jumping Performance. Research Quarterly For Exercise

And Sport, 50 (4), 583-588.

 

Bompa, T. (1991). A Model Of An Annual Training Programme For A Sprinter.

NewStudies In Athletics, 6, 47-51.

 

Bompa, T. (1999). Periodization Training For Sports. Human Kinetics: Champaign.

IL.

 

Bompa, T. (2000). Periodization Training For Sports. Human Kinetics: Champaign.

IL.

 

Bompa, T. & Michael, C. (2005). Periodization Training For Sports (2nd ed). Human

Kinetics, Champaign. IL.

 

Bompa, T. & Greggory, H. G. (2009). Periodizatition Theory And Methodology Of

Training (5th Ed.). Human Kinetics. Champaign. IL.

 

Bondarchuk, A. (1988). Constructing A Training System. Track Technique, 102,

3254- 3268.

 

Borkowski, J. (1990). Prevention Of Pre-Season Muscle Soreness: Plyometrics

Exercise. Abstracted In Athletic Training, 25 (2), 122.

 

Bosco, C., Komi, P. V., Pulli, M., Piterra, C. & Montonev, H. (1982). Considerations

Of The Training Of Elastic Potential Of Human Skeletal Muscle. Volleyball

Tech, 1, 75-80.

 

Brown, M. E., Mayhew, J. L. & Boleach, L. W. (1986). The Effect Of Plyometric

Training On The Vertical Jump Of High School Boys Basketball Player.

Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 26 (1), 1-4.

 

Brown, L. E, Ferrigno, V. & Santana, J. (2000). Training For Speed, Agility And

Quickness. Human Kinetics, Champaign, Illinois.

 

Bower, M. E, Kreamer, W. J., Potteiger, J. A., Volek, J. S., Hatfield, D. A. & Vingren,

J.L. (2010). Relationship Between Off-Ice Testing Variables And On-Ice

Speed In Women’s Collegiate Synchronized Figure Skaters: Implication For

Training. Journal Of Strength Conditioning Research, 24, 831-839.

 

Bowerman, W. & Freeman, W. (1991). High Performance For Training Track And

Field. Leisure Press. 2nd Ed.

 

Brenner, J. S. (2007). Overuse Injuries, Overtraining And Burnout In Child And

Adolescent Athletes. The American Academy Of Pediatrics. Vol. 119/Issue 6.

 

Bruggemann, G. P. & Glad, B. (1990). Time Analysis Of Sprint Events. Scientific

Research Project of the Games of the XIV Olimpiad- Seoul 1988. New Study

In Athletic, 5, Supplement: 27-55.

 

Bukner, P. & Khan, K (2001). Clinical Sports Medicine. (2nd Ed.). Mc Graw- Hill

Book Co. Sydney.

 

Buku Keputusan Rasmi. (2008 -2017). Retrive from

http://mssj.edu.my/tf/result/mssm2013/pdf/bukukeputusan MSSM

 

Buku Peraturan Olahraga. (2014). Kesatuan Olahraga Malaysia.

 

Bunker, J. & Thorpe, R. (1986). A Model For Teaching Games In Secondary Schools.

Bulletin Of Physical Education, 18, 5-8.

 

Burr, J. & Young, L. (1989). Plyometrics- Is It Worth It? Sportsmed- News, 12-13.

Campbell, D. T. & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental And Quasi Experimental

Designs For Research. Chicago: Rand Mc Nally College Publishing

Company.

 

Carlson, R. (1988). The Socialization Of Elite Tennis Players In Sweden: An Analysis

Of The Players Backgrounds And Development. Sociology Of Sport Journal,

5: 241-

256.

 

Chu, D. A. (1998). Jumping Into Plyometrics. Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics.

 

Chu, D., Faigenbaum, A. & Falkel, J. (2006). Proggresive Plyometrics For Kids.

Monterey, C. A: Healthy Learning.

 

Chua, P. Y. (2012). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan Edisi Kedua. (Edisi Kedua). Kuala

Lumpur, Malaysia: Mc Graw Hill.

 

Chua, P. Y. (2013). Asas Statistik Penyelidikan. Buku 3. McGraw- Hill Education.

 

Chua, P. Y. (2016). Mastering Research Method. McGraw-Hill (Malaysia).

 

Clark, K. P., Ryan, L. J. & Weyand, P. G. (2013). Human Sprint Running Mechanics:

Do Right And Left Legs Apply Equal Ground Forces? International Journal

Of Exercise Science: Conference Procedigns. Vol. 2:Iss. 5, Article 15.

 

Coakes, Steed & Dzidic. (2006). SPSS Version 13.0 For Windows. Analysis W/O

Anguish. Wiley Pvt Limited.

 

Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical Power Analysis For The Behavioral Sciences (2ndEd).

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publisher. Hillsdale, New Jersey.

 

Corbin, C. B. (1987). Youth Fitness, Exercise And Health: There Is Much To Be

Done. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 58 (4), 308-314.

 

Corbin, C. B. (2002). Physical Activity For Everyone: What Every Physical Educator

Should Know About Promoting Lif Long Physical Activity. Journal Of

Teaching In Physical Education, 21 (2), 128-44.

 

Corbin & Lindsay. (1994). Adult Fitness Programs:Planning Designing, Managing

And Improving Fitness Programs. USA: Scott, Foresman and Company.

 

Coyle, E. F., Martin, W.H., Bloomfiled, S. A., Lowry, O. H. & Holloszy, J.O. (1985).

Effects Of Detraining On Responses To Submaximal Exercise. J Appl Physiol.

Sep, 59(3). 853-9.

 

Cox, H. R. (2002). Sport Psychology. Mc-Graw- Hill.

 

Creswell, J. (2012). Educational Research: Planning, Conducting And Evaluating

Quantitative And Qualitative Research (4th Edition). University Of Nebraska.

Pearson Education. Inc.

 

Dare, B., Kearney, B. (1988). Speed Training, Track Technique. In Schiffer. J.

(1991). Sprints And Relays. New Studies In Athletics, 6, 3289-3295.

 

Davis, R., Philipis, R., Roscoe. J. & Roscoe, D. (2000). Physical Education And Study

Of Sport. Mosby.

 

Debaese, S., Jonkers, I. & Declecluse, C. (2012). The Cotribution Of Step

Characteristics To Sprint Running Performance In High-Level Male And

Female Athletes. The Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 27(1):

116-24

 

Delalija, A. & Babic, V. (2014). Reaction Time And Sprint Results In Athletics.

International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport.

 

Delecluse, C. (1997). Influence Of Strength Training On Sprint Running Performance:

Current Findings And Implications For Training. Sports Medicine, 24, 147-

156.

 

Deutsch, M. U., Maw, G. D., Jenkins, D. J. & Reaburn, P. R. J (1998). Heart Rate

Blood Lactate And Kinematic Data of Elite Colts (Under 19 Rugby) Union

Players During Competition. Journal Of Sports Science, 16, 561-570.

 

Dick, F. W. (1992). Sport Training Principles. London. Lepus Book.

 

Dogan, B. (2009). Multiple-Choice Reaction And Visual Perception In Female And

Male Elite Athlete. Journal Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness, 49 (1),

91.

 

Douge, B. (1988). Football: The Common Threads Between The Games In Lees, Kirk

& Murphy (Eds) Science And Football, 3-19.

 

Ellis, M. J. (1973). Why People Play. Englewood Cliffs, N. J. Prentice- Hall.

 

Eriskon, E. H. (1963). Childhood And Society. New York Norton Chicago (15th ed.)

 

Ewing, M. E. & Seefeldt, V. D. (1990). Youth Sport In America: An Overview.

President’s Council On Physical Fitness And Sports. Research Digest Series 2,

No.11.

 

Faigenbaum, A. D., Wescott, W. L., Michell, L. J., Outbridge, A. R., Long, C. J.,

Loud, R. L. & Zaichkowsky, L. D. (1996). The Effects Of Strength Training

And Detraining On Children. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research,

10(2). 109-114.

 

Faigenbaum, A. D. & Chu, D. A. (2001). Plyometric Training For Children And

Adolescents. ACSM Current Comment. American College of Sports

Medicine.

 

Faigenbaum, A. D. (2009). Overtraining In Young Athletes. How Much Is Too Much?

ACSM Health Fitness Journal.

 

Fatimah Abdullah, Norulhuda Sarnon@Kusenin, Suzana Mohd Hoesni & Wan

Azreena Wan Jaafar. (2008). Dari Halaman Rumah Ke Hadapan Layar. Pola

Bermain Dan Fungsinya Kepada Perkembangan Kanak-Kanak. Journal Sains

Sosial Dan Kemansuiaan, 3(1). p.14. UKM

 

Fatouros, I. G., Jamourtas, Z., Leontsini, D., Kostopoulos, N. & Buckkenmeyer, P. J.

(2012). Evaluation Of Plyometric Exercise Training, Weight Training, And

Their Combination On Vertical Jumping Performance And Leg Strength. J

Strength Cond Res, 14,pp. 470-476

 

Fleck, S. J., & W. J. Kraemer. (1997). Designing Resistance Training Programs (2nd

Ed). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.

 

Fox, Edward, L., Bower, R. & Foss, M. (1988). The Physiology Basic Of Physical

Education And Athletics. 4th Ed. Philadelphia: Saunders College Publishing.

 

Gabbet, T. J., Jenkins, D. G, & Abemethy, B. (2012). Physical Demands Of

Profesional Rugby League Training And Competition Using Microtechnology.

 

Gallahue, D. L., Ozmun, J. C. & Goodway (2012). Understanding Motor

Development. Infants, Children, Adolescent, Adults. Mc Graw- Hill, New

York.

 

Gay, L. R. (2008). Educational Research Competencies For Analysis And

Application (9th Ed.). New Jersey. Prentice Hall.

 

Gheri, D. J. Ricard, M. D, Kleiner, D. M. & Kirkendall, D. T. (1998). A Comparisons

Of Plyometric Training Techniques For Improving Vertical Jump Ability And

Energy Production. J Strength Cond Res, 12, pp. 85-89.

 

Giovanni dos Santos Cunha, Ribeiro, L. J. & Alvaro Reischak de Oliveira. (2006).

Review Article. GS/ESEF- LAPEX-90690-200- Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil:

268e.

 

Godfrey, R. (2006). “Detraining- Why A Change Really Is Better Than A

Rest”.(http://www.pponline.co.uk/encyc/detraining.htm).

 

Gozzoli, C., Simohamed, J., Abdel Malek, E. (2006). IAAF Kid’s Athletics. A Team

Event For Children (2nd Eds.). International Association of Athletics

Federation.

 

Griffin, L. L., Dodds, D., Placek, J. H. & Tremino, P. (2001). Middle School Students’

Conception Ff Soccer: Their Solution To Tactical Problems. Journal Of

Teaching Physical Education, 20, 324-340.

 

Haghighi, A., Moghadasi, M., Nikseresht, A., Torkfar, A., & Haghighi, M. (2012).

Effects Of Plyometrics Versus Resistance Training On Sprint And Skill

Performance In Young Soccer Players. European Journal Of Experimental

Biology, 2 (6): 2348-2351 Pelagia Research Library,

 

Halson, S.L., & Jenkendrup, A. E. (2004). Does Over-Training Exist? An Anaylisis Of

Over Reaching And Over Training Research. Sports Medicine 34 (14): 967-

981.

 

Harvey, R.H.; Beauchamp, M. K., Saab, M. & Beauchamp, R. (2011). Biofeedback

Reaction Time Training: Toward Olympic Gold. 39(1), 7-14.

 

Harre, D. (1982). Principles Of Sport Training. Berlin: Sportverlag.

 

Henry, F. M. (1952). Independence Of Reaction And Movement Times And

Equivalence Of Sensory Motivates Of Faster Response. Research

Quarterly,21, 43-53. Retrive http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Delaija.

 

Hewett, T. E., Stroupe, A. L., Nance. T. A. & Noyes, F. R. (1996). Plyometric

Training In Female Athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 24, 765-

773.

 

Heywood, C. (2008). A History Of Childhood: Children And Chilhood In The Wolrd

From Medieval To Modern Times. Polity Press.

 

Hisham Mohamed. (2014). Keberkesanan Tiga Jenis Latihan Fizikal Terhadap Masa

Reaksi Pelajar Timgkatan Satu. Desertasi Sarjana Pendidikan. Universiti

Malaya Yang Tidak Diterbitkan.

 

Hoe, W. E. (1994). Pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Kuala Lumpur: Fajar Bakti Sdn.

Bhd.

 

Holcomb, W.R., Lander, J.E., Rutland, R.M. & Wilson, G.D. (1996). A

Biomechanical Analysis Of The Vertical Jump And Three Modified

Plyometric Depth Jump. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 10,

83-88.

 

Holt, N. I., Strean, W. B., & Bengoecha, E. (2002). Expanding The Teaching Games

For Undersatnding Model: New Avenues for Future Resaerch And Pratice.

Journal Of Teaching Physical Education, 21, 162-176.

 

Horrigan, J. & Shaw, D. (1989). Plyometrics: Think Before You Leap. Track And

Field Quaterly Review. 89 (4). pp 41-43.

 

IAAF. (2002). Official Handbook 2002-2003, 112-113. International Association Of

Athletics Federations, Monaco.

 

IAAF. (2013). New Studies In Atletics. 20:1/2; 1.

 

Ioannis, G. Fatouros, Athanasios, Z,. Jamurtas, D., Leontsini, Kyriakos T. (2000).

Valuation Of Plyometrics Exercise Training, Weight Training And Their

Combination On Vertical Jumping Performance And Leg Strength. Journal Of

Strength And Conditioning Research, 14 (4), 470-476.

 

Jakl, P. (2008). Training Program Design And Evaluation Course. University of

Maine Presque Isle, the USA.

 

Kale, M., Asci, A., Bayrak, C. & Acikada, C. (2006). Relationship Among Jumping

Performance And Sprint Test Parameter During Maximum Speed Phase In

Sprinters. The Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research.

 

Kamus Dewan. (2016). Kamus Bahasa Malaysia. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

 

Kaneko, M., Fuchimoto, T. Toji, H., & Suei, K. (1983). Training Effect Of Different

Loads On The Force Velocity Relationship And Mechanical Power Output In

Human Muscle. Scand. J. Sports Sci., 5, 50-55.

 

Khoo, K.K. (1991). Kecemerlangan Sukan. Majalah Akademik. (75) Julai. (1992).

Sekitar Sukan Malaysia. Berita Minggu Mei, 31. (1994). Sekitar Sukan

Negara. Sekolah Berfungsi Lahirkan Bakat Sukan. Berita Minggu, Mei.

(1995). Sekitar Sukan Negara. Berita Minggu Mac 19.

 

Korchemny, R. & Schmonlisky. (2000). Innovations In Speed Development. Speed

Training Manual. USTAF: Indianapolis.

 

Kotzamanidis, C. (2006). Effect Of Plyometrics Training On Running Perfromance

And Vertical Jumping In Prepubertal Boys. Journal Of Strength And

Conditioning Research 20, 441-445.

 

Krasilschikov, O. (2010). Talent Identification And Development- International

Trends And Principle Models. Exercise And Sports Science Programme.

School Of Health Science. Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian.

 

Krasilschikov, O. & Kerian, K. (2013). Effects Of Short Term Multilateral And Sport

Specific Training On Physical Fitness Profile Of Malaysian School Children.

International Journal of Research Pedagogy And Technology In Education

And Movement Sciences, 2319-3050.

 

Levit, S. & Gutin, B. (1971). Multiple Choice Reaction Time And Movement Time

During Physical Exercise. Research Quarterly, 42, 405-410.

 

Lidor, R. & Meckel, Y. (2004). Physiological Skill Development And Learning

Considerations For The 100 Meters. IAAF, 19: 1, 7-12.

 

Lyttle, A. D., Wilson, C. J. & Ostrowski, K. J. (1996). Enhancing Performance:

Maximal Power Versus Combined Weights And Plyometrics Training.

Journal Of Strength And Conditioning Research, 10, 3, p 73-79.

 

Mackala, K., Fostiak, M. & Kowalski, K. (2015). Selected Determinants Of

AccelerationIn The 100m Sprint. Journal Of Human Kinetics Volume 45/2015,

135-148.

 

Mackata, K. & Mero, A. (2013). A Kinematics Analysis Of The Three best 100m

Performance Ever. Journal Of Human Kinetics. Vol 36, pp. 149-160.

 

Magill, R. A. (1998). Motor Learning Concepts And Applications (5th Ed). Boston,

USA: McGraw-Hill.

 

Majumdar, A. S. & Robergs, R. A. (2011). The Science Of speed. Determinats Of

Performance In The 100m Sprint. International Journal Of Sports Science And

Coaching. Vol 36, pp. 479-493.

 

Mann, R. & Herman, J. (1985). Kinematic Analysis Of Olympic. Sprint Performance.

Men’s 200 meters. International Journal Of Sport Biomechanics, 1, 151-162.

 

Mann, R. (2005). The Mechanics Of Sprinting. Compusport: Primm, NV.

 

Meinel, K. & Schnabel. (1998). Exercise Theory. Sports Motoring.

 

Morin, J., Slawanski, J. Dorel, S. Saez de Villareal, E., Countourier, A. Samozino, P.,

Brughelli, M. & Rabita, G. (2015). Acceleration Capability In Elite Sprinters

And Ground Impulse Of Biomechanics. V 48(12), pp. 3149-3154.

 

Marginson, V., Rowlands, A. V, Glesson, N. P. & Eston, R. G. (2005). Comparison

Of The Symptoms Of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage After An Initial And

Repeated Bout Of Plyometric Exercise In Men And Boys. J Appl Physiol 99:

1174-1181.

 

Mateyev, L. (1972). Periodisenang Des Protichen Training. German translation:

Baltimore University Press.

 

McArdle, W. D., Katch, F. I. & Katch, V. L. (2001). Exercise Physiology Energy,

Nutrition And Human Performance. (5th Ed.). United States of America,

Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

 

McLeod, P. (1987). Visual Reaction Time High-Speed Ball Games Perception. 16, 49-

49.

 

Mc Neely, E. & Sandler, D. (2007). Power Plyometrics: The Complete Plyometric

Program. Meyer & Meyer Sport.

 

Meckel, Y., Atterborn, H., Grodjinovsky, A., Ben- Sira, D. & Rotstein A. (1995).

Physiological Characteristics Of Female 100 Meter Sprinters Of Different

Performance Levels. Journals Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness, 35,

169-175.

 

Medvedyev, A. (1988). Several Basics On The Methods Of Training. Soviet Sports

Reviews, 22 (44): 203-206.

 

Meir, R., Colla. P. & Milligan, C. (2001). Impact Of The 10 Metre Rule Change Of

Professional Rugby League: Implications For Training. Strength and

Conditioning Journal, 23, 42-46.

 

Merni, F., Cicchella, A., Bombardi, F., Ciacci, S., Magenti, L., Olmucci, S. &

Coppini, L.(1992). Kinematicand Dynamic Analysis Of Sprint Start. In: ISBS

Proceedings of the 10th Symposium Of The International Society Of

Biomechanics In Sports. Ed. Rodano, R. Edi Ermes, Milan, 120-123.

 

Mero, A. A. & Komi, P. V. (2010). Effects Of Supramaximal Velocity On

Biomechanical Variables In Sprinting. JAB. 1 (3).

 

Metzler, M. W. (2005). Instruction Model For Physcal Education (2nd Ed.).

Scottsdale, AZ: Holcomb Hathaway.

 

Mohd. Majid Konting. (2005). Kaedah Penyelidikan Pendidikan. (Ed. Ke-7). Kuala

Lumpur. Dewan Bahasa Dan Pustaka.

 

Moka, R., Kaur, & Sidhu, L.S. (1992). Effect Of Training On The Reaction Time Of

Indian Female Hockey Players. J Sports Med Phys, Fitness, 32, 428-31.

 

Moola, F., Fusco, C. & Kissh, J. A. (2011). “What I Wish You Knew”: Social Barriers

Toward Physical Activity In Youth With Congenital Haert Disease. Adapted

Physical Activity Quaterly, 28, 56-57.

 

Morehouse, L. E & Miller, A. T. (1976). Physiology Of Exercise. St Louis, USA: CV

Mosby Company.

 

Mouelhi, G. S., Bouzaouach, I., Tenenbaum, G., Ben, K. A., Feki, Y & Bouaziz, M.

(2006). Simple And Choice Reaction Times Under Varying Levels Of Physical

Load In High Skilled Fencers. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 46. 344-51.

 

Mujika, I. & Padilla. S. (2001). Muscular Characteristics Of Detraining In Humans.

Med Sci Sports Exerc. Aug, 33(8): 1297-303.

 

Myer, G., Ford, K., Palumbo, J. &Hewitt, T. (2005). Neuromuscular Training

ImprovesPerformance And Lower Extremity Biomechanics In Female

Athletes. Journal Of Strength And Conditioning 19, 51-60.

 

Nagahara, R., Naito, H., Morin, J. B. & Zushi, K. (2014b). Association Of

Acceleration With Spatistemporal Variables In Maximal Sprinting.

International Journal Of Sport Medicine 35 (9), 755-761.

 

Nathan, S. (2014). Instruksi Model Taktikal Permainan. PTS. Akademia. Dolomite

Business Park, Batu Caves, Selangor.

 

Oslin, J. L., Mitchell, S. A., & Griffin, L. L. (1998). The Game Performance

Assessment Instrument (GPAI): Development And Preliminary Validation.

Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 17, 231-243.

 

Paish, W. (1992). The Development Of Strength And Power. NSA. IAAF, 7:2. 45-54.

 

Paavolainen, L. (1999). Explosive Strength Training Improve 5-km Running Time By

Improving Running Economy And Muscle Power. Journal Of Applied

Physiology, 86, 1527 – 1533.

 

Pfitzinger, P. & Douglas, S. (2009). Advanced Marathoning (2nd Edition). Human

Kinetics.

 

Poole, H., & Maneval, M. (1987). The Effects Of Two Ten-Week Depth Jumping

Routines On Vertical Jump Performance As It Relates To Leg Power. Journal

Swimming Research, 3 (1). pp 11-14.

 

Radcliffe, J. C., & Farentinos, R. C. (1999). High Powered Plyometrics. Human

Kinetics. Champaign, IL.

 

Radford, J. (2000). Values Into Pratice Developing Whole School Behavior Policies.

Support For Learning, Vol. 15 No. 2.

 

Reilly, T. & Borrie, A. (1992). Physiology Applied To Field Hockey. Sports

Medicine, 14, 10-26.

 

Reilly, T. (1997). Energetics Of High Intensity Exercise (Soccer) With Particular

Reference To Fatigue. Journal of Sport Sciences, 15, 257-263.

 

Revinthran Marimuthu. (2016). Kesan Program Multilateral Terhadap Tahap

Kecergasan Dan Parameter Acara Pecut Atlet Sekolah Negeri Kedah.

Desertasi Sarjana Sains Sukan. Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris Yang Tidak

Diterbitkan.

 

Rimmer, E. & Sleivert, G. (2000). Effects Of A Plyometrics Intervention Program On

Sprint Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 14, 3, p

295-301.

 

Rommer, L. E. & Mcconnel, A. K. (2002). Specificity And Reversibility Of

Inspiratory Muscle Training. Medicine In Sports Medicine, p. 22

 

Rosset, A. (1987). Training Needs Assessment. Englewood Cliffs. Educational

Technology Publications.

 

Rovegno, I.; Nevett, M. & Babiarz. (2001). Invasion-Game Tactics In The 4th Grade.

Introduction And Theorytical Perspective. Journal Of Teaching Physical

Education, 20, 341-351.

 

Salis, J. F. (1987). Commentary On Children And Fitness: A Public Health

Perspective. Research Quarterly For Exercise and Sport, 58 (4), 326-330.

 

Sandseter, E. B. & Kenneair, L. E. (2011). Children’s Risky Play From An

Evolutionary Perspective: The Anti-Phobic Effects Of Thrilling Experiences.

Evol Psychol. Jun 21, 9(2) 257-84.

 

Sariscanny, M. J., Darst, P. W. & van der Mars, H. (1995). The Effects Of Three

Teacher Supervision Patterns On Student On-Task And Skill Performance In

Secondary Physical Education. Journal Of Teaching In Physical Education,

14. 179-197.

 

Schmidt, R. A., & Timothy, D. (2005). Motor Controls And Learning A Behavioral

Emphasis. Human Kinetics, 4th. Ed.

 

Schuldheisz, J. M. & van Der Mars, H. (2001). Active Supervision And Student’s

Physical Activity In Middle School Physical Eucation. Journal Of Teaching In

Physical Education, 21, 75-90.

 

Scoles, G. (1978). Depth Jumping ! Does It Really Work?, Athletic Journal, 58. pp

48-75.

 

Seagrave, L. (1996). In Introduction In Sprinting. New Studies in Athletics. IAAF

11:2-3; 93-113.

 

Sebestyen, E. (1996). Speed Improvement With The Speedy- System. New Studies in

Athletics. IAAF, 11:2-3; 149-154.

 

Selye, H. (1956). The Stress Of Life. New Work: Mc-Graw Hill Book Company.

 

Shahruddin. (2006). Mengaplikasikan Teori Psikologi Dalam Sukan. Kuala Lumpur.

Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.

 

Shepard, R. J. (1999). How Much Physical Activity Is Needed For Good Health?

International Journal Of Sports Medicine, 20, 23-27.

 

Siedentop, D. (1980). Physical Education: Introductory Analysis (3rd ed.). Dubuque,

IA: Wm. C Brown.

 

Siedentop, D. (1983). Academic Learning Time: Reflections And Prospects. Journal

Of Teaching In Physical Education (Monograph 1), 4.

 

Siedentop, D., Herkowitz, J. & Rink, J. (1984). Elementary Physical Education

Methods. Prentice- Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N. J.

 

Siedentop, D. & Tannehill, D. (2000). Developing Teaching Skills Physical

Education. Mountain View, Calif.: Mayfield Pub. Co. 4, pp.

 

Siedentop, D. (2002). Content Knowledge For Physical Education. Journal Of

Teaching Physical Education. Vol. 21, Issue 4, pp. 368-372.

 

Simpson, A. (1994). Multiple Entry Passes Scholastic Coach For The Coach Athletic

Director. 63 (10), 106-107.

 

Smirniotou, A., Katsikas, C., Paradisis, P., Zachrogiannis, E. & Tziortzis, S. (2008).

Strength-Power Parameters As Predictors Of Sprinting Performance. Journal

Of Sports Medicine And Physical Fitness. Vol 48, pp. 447-454.

 

Spidiso, W. W. (1975). Reaction And Movement Time As Function Of Age And

Physical Activity Level. Journal Gerontol, 30, 435-40.

 

Stone, M. O’ Bryant & J. Garhammer. (1981). A Hypothetical Model For Strength

Training. Journal of Sport Medicine, 21, 342-351.

 

Stone, M., & O’ Bryant, H. (1986). Weight Training A Scientific Approach.

Minneapolis. Burgess.

 

Teichner, W. H. (1954). Recent Studies Of Simple Reaction Time. Psychological

Bulletin, 51 (2). 128-149.

 

The Participant Model. (2009). The National Coaching Foundation.

 

Tining, R. & Siedentop, D. (1985). The Characteristics Of Tasks Accountability In

Student Teaching. Journal Of Teaching In Physical Education, 4, 286-299.

 

Thompson, P. J. L. (2009). Introduction to Coaching Theory. International Amateur

Athletic Federation. Monaco.

 

Thomas, J. R; Nelson, J. K. & Silverman, S. J. (2005). Research Methods In Physical

Activity (5th Edition). Human Kinetics.

 

Tripo, R. S. (1965). How Fast Can You React? Sci Dig, 57:50. Journal Exer Sci Fit.

Vol.4. No. 2 (2006).

 

Uusitalo, A. L. T. (2001). Overtraining. Making A Difficult Dignosis And

Implementing Targerted Treatment. Phys. And Sportsmed. 29 (5): 35-50.

 

van der Mars, H., Vogler, B., Darst. & Cusimano, B. (1998). Student Physical

Activity Levels And Teachers Active Supervision During Fitness Instruction.

Journal Of Teaching In Physical Eduaction, 18, 57-75.

 

Vescovi, J. D. (2012). Sprint Speed Characteristics Of High-Level American Female

Soccer Players: Female Athletes In Motion Study. Journal Of Science In

Medicine And Sport 15, 474-478.

 

Wathen, D. (1993). Position Statement: Literature Review: Explosive Plyometric

Exercises. 3, 16-19.

 

Wee, Eng Hoe. (2011). Pendidikan Jasmani dan Pendidikan Kesihatan. Shah Alam:

Karisma Publications Sdn. Bhd.

 

West Of Scotland Sprint Training And Coaching Information. Retrived

https://sites.google.com/site/vpcogsprint/Home

 

Weyand, P., Sternlight, D., Bellizzi, M. & Wright, S. (2000). Faster Top Running

Speeds Are Achieved With Greater Ground Forces Not More Rapid Leg

Movements. Journals Of Applied Physiology, 89, 1991-2000.

 

Wiersma, L. D. (2000). Risks And Benefits Of Youth Sports Specialization:

Perspective And Recommendations. Pediatric Exercise Science, 12 (1), 13-22.

 

Williams, P. (1995). An Introduction To Health And Physical Education For

Secondary Schools.( 2nd Ed). Melbourne: Moreton Bay Publishing.

 

Willmore, J. H. & Costill, D. L. (1988). Training For Sport And Activity Chapter II.

Dubuque, IA: Wm C. Brown.

 

Winckler, G. (1991). An Examination Of Speed Endurance. New Studies in Athletics,

6, 27-33.

 

Winkleman, N. (2009). A Model Of Periodisation: Optimising Performance And

Recovery In The Elite 100m Sprinter. UK Strength And Conditioning

Association, 13: 14-18.

 

Young, W. B & Bilby, G. E. (1993). The Effect Of Voluntary Effort On Strength

Speed Of Construction On Strength, Muscular Power And Hypertrophy

Development. Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 7, 172.

 

Young, W. B., Wilson, G. L. & Byrne, C. (1999). A Comparison Of Drop Jump

Training Methods: Effects On The Leg Extensor Strength Qualities And

Jumping Performances. Int J Sports Med, 20, pp. 295-303.

 


This material may be protected under Copyright Act which governs the making of photocopies or reproductions of copyrighted materials.
You may use the digitized material for private study, scholarship, or research.

Back to previous page

Installed and configured by Bahagian Automasi, Perpustakaan Tuanku Bainun, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
If you have enquiries with this repository, kindly contact us at pustakasys@upsi.edu.my or Whatsapp +60163630263 (Office hours only)