Reviu sistematik kajian berkaitan kaedah pembelajaran motor terhadap kanak-kanak gangguan Autism Spektrum

Nur Sufi Alisa Shaudin

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Type :	final_year_project
Subject :	GV Recreation Leisure
Main Author :	Nur Sufi Alisa Shaudin
Title :	Reviu sistematik kajian berkaitan kaedah pembelajaran motor terhadap kanak-kanak gangguan Autism Spektrum

Place of Production :	Tanjong Malim
Publisher :	Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Kejurulatihan
Year of Publication :	2021
Corporate Name :	Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris

Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menjalankan tinjauan sistematik terhadap kajian yang berkaitan dengan kaedah pembelajaran kemahiran motor yang berkesan untuk kanak-kanak dengan gangguan spektrum autisme (ASD). Berdasarkan persoalan kajian yang ingin menentukan potensi kepentingan latihan sains dan sukan di kalangan populasi berkeperluan khas, tujuan tinjauan ini adalah untuk mensintesiskan penemuan sama ada kaedah pembelajaran motor implisit dapat menghasilkan tahap pergerakan automatik yang lebih tinggi berbanding dengan pembelajaran eksplisit. Walaupun kajian berkaitan telah menunjukkan sokongan untuk tuntutan ini, tidak ada kajian sistematik yang dilakukan. Oleh itu, kajian ini secara sistematik mengkaji kajian yang diterbitkan melalui enjin carian dan kajian berkaitan yang ditapis berdasarkan kriteria menggunakan kaedah PRISMA. Set parameter jangka masa yang ditetapkan tertumpu kepada penyelidikan sejak 20 tahun yang lalu (2000-2020) dan kajian pembelajaran motor yang berkaitan dengan ASD sahaja. Sebanyak 168 artikel telah disaringkan berdasarkan tajuk dan abstrak menyebabkan sejumlah 76 artikel berkaitan manakala 69 artikel disingkirkan. Sebanyak 28 artikel tidak menyediakan teks penuh, kajian tidak mempunyai hasil pembelaja ran motor, sembilan kajian tidak memberikan rawatan kepada kumpulan kajian dan 11 artikel yang menggunakan bahasa asing. Kelima-lima belas artikel dari saringan ini kemudiannya dipilih untuk semakan sistematik. Kriteria pemilihan yang dimasukkan adalah (1) peserta termasuk kanak-kanak dengan ASD sejak kecil hingga remaja, dan jika diagnosis lain dimasukkan, hasil peserta dengan ASD telah dianalisis secara statistik. (2) semua jenis intervensi aktiviti motor dan fizikal, (3) gangguan kemahiran motor, (4) penggunaan analogi, (5) implisit, (6) ekplisit dan (7) memberi tumpuan kepada arahan kepada kanak-kanak dengan ASD, (8) yang diterbitkan dalam Bahasa Inggeris dan Melayu; dan (9) kajian yang meneliti (a) kesan intervensi ke atas hasil pembelajaran motor dan (b) kesan pembelajaran motor berbeza terhadap pemerolehan, pemindahan, atau pengekalan kemahiran motor. Hasii kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa menggunakan arahan analogi dalam kaedah pembelajaran motor meningkatkan prestasi peserta dengan ASD berbanding arahan implisit dan ekplisit. Sembilan kajian mencadangkan penggunaan analogi berbanding penggunaan arahan lain. Arahan analogi adalah metafora yang menggantikan arahan teknikal bagi kemahiran motor yang kompleks dan ianya menghasilkan sesuatu yang lebih mudah diingat. Oleh itu, kajian ini menggalakkan penggunaan analogi dalam proses pembelajaran kanak-kanak dengan ASD kerana penggunaan analogi yang kreatif dapat membantu populasi istimewa ini untuk belajar dan meningkatkan kemahiran sukan mereka.

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