UPSI Digital Repository (UDRep)
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Abstract : Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris |
This research aimed to synthesis and investigate the potential of amphiphilic chitosan
derivatives, namely N-octyl-O-sulfate chitosan (NOOSC), N-octyl-N-succinyl
chitosan (NONSC), N-octyl-O-glycol chitosan (NOOGC), N-deoxycholic acid-Oglycol
chitosan (DAGC), N-hexanoyl-O-glycol chitosan (HGC) and N-lauryl-Oglycol
chitosan (LGC) as environmental friendly media for atrazine, rotenone and
thymol formulations. The amphiphilic chitosan derivatives were characterised using
proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectrometer, Fourier transform
infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, CHNS-O elemental analyser, fluorescence spectrometer
and scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). Encapsulation efficiency of
pesticide active ingredients by amphiphilic chitosan derivatives was determined using
a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The release mechanism of
atrazine, rotenone and thymol from the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives micelles was
fitted to four kinetic models. Pot experiments were carried out to monitor the
effectiveness of each pesticide formulation on weed (Cyperus kyllingia) and chilli
(Capcisum annuum) plant infested by aphids, thrips and white fly. Research findings
found that the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives have formed self-aggregates with a
spherical shape. The critical micelles concentration (CMC) values of the amphiphilic
chitosan derivatives were between 0.008 and 0.089 mg/mL. The encapsulation
efficiency values for the amphiphilic chitosan were higher than 50%. All amphiphilic
chitosan derivatives enhanced pesticides release performance as compared to pure
pesticides solution. The constant (n) values obtained from Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic
model suggest that the release of pesticide active ingredients from the chitosan
derivatives micelle was controlled by relaxation of polymer chains. Based on pot
experiments, the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives formulation effectively treat the
target species. In conclusion, the amphiphilic chitosan derivatives are potential as
carrier agents for pesticide active ingredients. In implication, the amphiphilic chitosan
derivatives as environmental friendly media able to reduce the use of organic solvents
in pesticide formulations more than 60%. |
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LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
1. Yusoff, S. N. M., Kamari, A., & Aljafree, N. F. A. (2016). A review of materials used as carrier agents in pesticide formulation. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 13, 2977-2994.
2. Yusoff, S. N. M., & Kamari, A. (2018). N-deoxycholic acid-O-glycol chitosan as a potential carrier agent for botanical pesticide rotenone. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 135, 46855.
3. Yusoff, S. N. M., Kamari, A., Ishak, S., & Halim, A. L. A. (2018). N-hexanoyl- O-glycol chitosan as a carrier agent for water-insoluble herbicide. Journal of Physics: Conferences Series, 1097, 012053.
4. Kamari, A. & Yusoff, S. N. M. (2019). N-octyl chitosan derivatives as amphiphilic carrier agents for herbicide formulations. Open Chemistry, 17, 365- 380.
LIST OF CONFERENCES
1. International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Science 2016 (ICRIEMS 2016). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. May 2016. Oral Presentation. “Synthesis and characterisation of an amphiphilic chitosan derivative as a carrier agent for rotenone”.
2. International Postgraduate Conference on Science and Mathematics 2017 (IPCSM 2017). Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. October 2017. Oral Presentation. “Synthesis and characterisation of N-octyl-N-succinyl chitosan as a new carrier agent for rotenone pesticide”.
3. International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Science 2018 (ICRIEMS 2018). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. May 2016. Oral Presentation. “N-hexanoyl-O-glycol chitosan as a carrier agent for water-insoluble herbicide”.
4. International Conference on Research, Implementation and Education of Mathematics and Science 2019 (ICRIEMS 2019). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. July 2019. Oral Presentation. “Synthesis and characterisation of thymol-loaded lauryl glycol chitosan for pesticide formulation”.
5. The Science and Science Education International Seminar (SSEIS) 2019.
Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. September 2019. Oral Presentation. “Alkyl glycol chitosan derivatives for encapsulation and controlled release of rotenone”.
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